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PROCEEDINGS

CALIFORNIA

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

SECOND SERIES.

VOLUMB II.

18 8 0

San Francisco, 1890.

Cammittee of F'ul:>liantioTi :

H. W. HARKNHSS, GKORGK HFAVSTON,

H. H. BKHR, CARLOS TROYKR,

T. S. BRANDEGKE,

Editor : - Townshend Stith Bkandkgek.

A i^oz

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE.

AnthonVi Alfred W. New Birds from Lower Ca'ifornia, Mexico.. ... 73

Behr, H. H. Entomological Contributions 91

Belding, L. Description of a New Thrush from Calaveras County,

California 18

The Small Thrushes of California 57

Brandegee, Townshend S. a Collection of Plants from Baja Califor-
nia, 1889 117

Bryant, Walter E. Descriptions of the Nests and Eggs of some Low-
er Californian Birds, with a Description of the Young

Plumage of Geothlypis beldiugi. 20

Provisional Descriptions of Supposed New Mammals from Cali-
fornia and Lower California 25

(Editor.) General Ornithological Notes, I 83

A Catalogue of the Birds of Lower Cahfornia, Mexico 237

Buckminster, P. S. Cyclonic Win.ls 97

Eigenmann, Carl H. and Rosa S. I'relimln a-y Notes on South Amer- .

ican Nematognat hi, II 28

A Review of the Eiy thiininaj 100

HarkneSS, H. W. Fungi collected by T. S. Bmndegee in Lower Cali-
fornia, in 1889 231

Lindgren, Waldemar. Petrographical Notes from Baja California,

Mexico 1

Millspaugh, C. F. Contributions to North American Eupht.rbiaceie. . 217
Rivers, J. J. Description of a New Turtle from the Sacramento Kiver 233

Vasey, Geo. Grasses from Lowi-r California 210

Proceedings — ^ 321

Index 351

Additions and Corrections 215, 373

Appendix! Additions to Library.

PROCEEDINGS

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY

SCIEISrCES.

PETROGRAPHICAL NOTES FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO.

BY W. LINDGREN, U. S. GEOL. SURVEY.

During a short viait, in January, 1888, to the northern
part of the peninsula of Baja or Lower California, a small
collection was made of the rocks occurring near Ensenada
de Todos Santos, and along the section from there to the
Colorado Desert. A description of the general geology
along this route has been published in the Proceedings of
the Academy.^ The rocks collected have recently been
subjected to a more careful investigation, the results of
which are contained in these notes. A few facts regarding
the geological structure of the region are here necessarily
repeated, while for detailed accounts, maps, profiles, etc.,
the reader is referred to the paper just mentioned.

The rocks described may be grouped in five divisions :

I. Granite and diorite.

II. Paleovolcanic effusive rocks (quartz- porphyrites).

III. Neovolcanic effusive rocks (basalt).

IV. The slate series.

V. Diabases.

*Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2ud Ser., Vol. I. Part 2, 188S.
2d Ser., Vol. n. Issued June iH, 1889.

2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

I. — Granite and Diorite.

It has been shown in the paper referred to that the struc-
ture of the peninsula at the latitude of Ensenada is that of a
monoclinal mountain range with a gentle slope towards the
Pacific and an abrupt faultscarp, facing the Colorado Des-
ert. Furthermore, that the range is chittiy made up of
a coarse-granular granitic rock, in which are intercalated
several smaller areas of more or less altered slates, dipping
towards the east at a high angle. Volcanic flows of differ-
ent age are spread over the long western slope, and are
especially accumulated in heavy masses near the Pacific.
Again, at the foot of the faultscarp, near the western limit
of the Colorado Desert, eflusive rocks occur, the age of
which probably is pliocene, or recent.

In the paper quoted, the granitic rock has several times
been described as a hornblende granitite (Rosenbusch),
being a coarse granular mixture of biotite, hornblende, feld-
spar and quartz. From the examination in the field and
the great resemblance to the granitic masses of Southern
and Central California, there seemed to be but little doubt
that this would be the correct classification.

The detailed petrographical examination of specimens
from very different localities along the section has shown,
however, that the predominent feldspar usually is a plagio-
clase, and that the orthoclase only occurs in comparatively
small quantities, or may even be entirely absent.

While the quantity of hornblende and biotite maj vary
within certain limits, the general habit and appearance of
the granitic rock is remarkably constant from Ensenada to
the desert. It is rather coarse-grained and easily disinte-
grating, giving to the bluffs the well known ' ' woolsack-
structure." When decomposing, it often assumes a yellow-
ish color, due no doubt to the large proportion of ferromag-
nesian silicates which it contains.

PETROGRAPIIICAL NOTES. 3

Detailed Description.

1. A specimen from Ensenada, corner of Galvez and
Tenth street, is macroscopically a coarse-grained rock with
fresh feldspar and quartz. Hornblende is present in much
larger quantity than biotite, and on the whole there are
more ferromagnesian silicates than usually.

Under the microscope it is seen to consist of a hyphidio-
morphic granular mixture of quartz, plagioclase, hornblende,
moDoclinic and rhombic pyroxene and biotite. The mono-
clinic pyroxene ftrms ill-defined, short and colorless prisms,
considerably decomposed and obscured by chloritic and
uralitic aggregates. More frequent than the monoclinic
pyroxene, is a rhombic form of the same mineral, probably
hypersthene, occurring in irregular grains or short prisms;
the pleochroismus is distinct ranging from reddish to light
green; it is frequently decomposed in the same way as the
monoclinic pyroxene. The primary hornblende is of a
brownish green color, has the usual absorption and pleo-
chroismus, and is often intimately connected with the
pyroxene, being grown together with it or even surround-
ing it.

Besides this normal hornblende, there is some uralite
formed from the pyroxene and distinguished from the first
mentioned mineral by its bluish green color. A yellowish
brown biotite in foils, which show no bending or compres-
sion, is also an imj^ortant constituent of the rock. Magne-
tite, much apatite and zircone occur. Among the feldsjDars
the plagioclase certainly predominates. There is probably
some orthoclase, although this cannot be definitely stated.

The plagioclase is more or less idiomorphic,with generally
short lathlike or square forms. Often twinned accord-
ing to both the albite and the pericline law; zonar structure
wath correspondingly differing extinction is not unfrequent.
This plagioclase is probably an andesine or an oligoclase.

4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Between the plagioclase crystals, and closely following
their outlines, lie numerous grains of clear quartz with com-
paratively few fluid inclusions.

The rock, according to this description, should be classi-
fied as a pyroxenic facies of quartz-mica diorite.

2. Another specimen, also from Ensenada (corner Galvez
and Fourteenth streets), is macroscopically a fresh, not very
coarse grained mixture of hornblende, biotite, feldspar and
quaitz. Under the microscope foils of brown mica and
irregular grains of a dark green hornblende form the prin-
cipal part of the ferromagnesian silicates; there are also,
however, a few prismatic grains of a colorless augite (m.i-
lacolite). Plagioclase is present in large quantities with the
usual, partly idiomorphic prismatic forms, and between
them lie numerous quartz grains with fluid inclusions.

The rock should, hence, be characterized as a quartz-mica
diorite.

3. A specimen of beautiful and fresh granitic rock was
collected near the middle line of the peninsular range, at
the east side of San Rafael Yalley, on the road from Real
to Campo Nacional, near mouth of Canada del Sur.

Very fresh, coarse granular rock with hornblende crystals
up to 10 mm. long, biotite foils, white, often striated crys-
tals of plagioclase up to 8 mm. long and much quartz.

Under the microscope, zircone and apatite, in small quan-
tities, a little magnetite mostly associated with hornblende.
Biotite in straight, fresh foils, yellowish-brown, and with
very strong absorption, forms inclusions in feldspar and
hornblende. Dark green hornblende also with very strong-
absorption: a, olive green; b and c, dark green; absorption
of b nearly equal to that of c; one or two large, approxi-
mately square grains of uralitized pyroxene, probably dial-
lage or augite. The plagioclase of which a large quantity is
present is as usual partly idiomorphic, and in all respects

PETROGRAPHICAL NOTES. 0

agrees with that in the specimens already described. It
contains many small biotite needles. Orthoclase is perhaps
present in very small quantity. Quartz is abundant, filling
the interstices between the feldspar grains, and containing
very numerous fluid inclusions, with moving bubbles.

There are no signs of mechanical deformation among the
constituents. Hardly any of the quartz grain show undu-
lous extinction.

In order to determine more accurately the character of
the feldspars, a separation by specific gravity was made by
means of the Thoulet solution.

A quantity of 4 grms. was used, and reduced to 0.4 mm.
grain. The result was as follows:

Beginning with the solution at the specific gravity of 2.75
hornblende and biotite fell ; between 2.75 and 2.66 no
appreciable amount was precipitated, while at about 2.655 a
large quantity of feldspar, mixed with a little quartz fell.
The largest proportion of quartz fell somewhat below this
specific gravity. Only a few grains remained swimming
with the solution at 2.60-2.59.

The complete separation of feldspar and quartz was found
to be somewhat difficult, their specific gravities being so
nearly equal. The percentage of the different constituents
would approximately be as follows:

25 % hornblende and biotite.
40 ^f' plagioclase.
35 /r quartz.

The feldspar being so thoroughly fresh, it is safe to con-
clude from the specific gravity that it is an oligoclase, per-
haps somewhat approaching the andesine. The rock is thus
characterized as a quartz-mica diorite.

4. A fourth typical specimen, collected near the summit
of the main range at Hansen's Ranch is a coarse granitic

6 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

rock with more biotite and less hornblende than the pre-
ceding. Fairly but not quite fresh.

A separation of this rock by Thoulet's solution gave the
following result, size of grain and quantity being the same
as before :

18%' biotite and hornblende; 66% fell at 2.64-66, con-
sisting of quartz and plagioclase, sp. gr. of the latter being
nearly equal that of quartz. This portion was not further
separated. 16% fell at 2.55-57, consisting of orthoclase.
This portion was tested with silico-hydrofluoric acid and
gave abundant Ka, no Na reaction. The numbers of per-
centage are of course only approximate. Here, then, ortho-
clase is present, but not in very large quantity; there is
certainly a very large excess of plagioclase, and this rock
should also be classified as a quartz-mica diorite.

5. A specimen, taken from the foot of the supposed fault-
scarp, about one-third mile west of Real del Castillo (San
Rafael Valley) and near a slate contact, differs considerably
from those already described. It is a rather fine-grained,
granitic rock of whitish color and containing a few biotite
foils. Under the microscope it is seen to consist of some
partly idiomorphic plagioclase crystals, a few greenish-
brown biotite foils, very little muscovite and a predomina-
ting allotriomorphic mass of orthoclase and quartz, oftener
showing a tendency to granophyric structure. The feld-
spars contain, in consequence of an incipient decomposi-
tion, a considerable amount of muscovite. The specimen
may be characterized as a granitite.

The chief interest, however, centers in the marked me-
chanical effects of pressure which this section shows.
Among the quartz grains undulous extinction is quite com-
mon, and many of them are even broken and shattered. The
feldspar grains show still more markedly undulous and ir-
regular extinction and also frequently peripheric crushing
(Randliche Kataklase). Thus, the internal structure of the

petro(;raphical notes. 7

rock indicates that it at one time has been subjected to in-
tense pressure; a conclusion interesting in view of the occur-
rence of the specimen at the foot of the supposed faultscarp
and in close vicinity to the slate contact.

The detailed description of the rocks from various locali-
ties in the granitic range, seems to indicate that the largest
part of it is composed of a quartz-mica diorite, containing a
varying but small percentage of orthoclase. Nos. 1 and 5
both differ from the normal type, the former being more
basic, approaching the augite diorites, or even the norites
by its percentage of monoclinic and rhombic pyroxene, the
latter more acid and a nearly normal granitite.

It is well known that large masses of coarse granu-
lar rock, though they, geologically, may be a unit, do
not always remain constant in structure and mineralogi-
cal composition. Irregular and ill-defined areas of more or
less basic character are often included in the predominant
rock, and frequently connected with it by means of transi-
tions.

Thus, although the main mass of the Peninsular Sierra
along this section may be, and probably is, made up of
quartz-mica diorite, still it does not necessarily follow that
this character should be retained beyond this line.

Southward the great massive continues down the penin-
sula for at least two hundred or three hundred miles, where
at last it disappears under the mesa sandstones.

Northward it continues through San Diego and Los An-
geles counties, and forms the larger part of the Sierra
Nevada until, in th<i northern part of that range, the aurifer-
ous slates gradually encroach upon it.

The rock of this vast area has by previous writers always
been referred to as a granite or a hornblende biotite granite.
Not unlikely this is petrographically correct, for at least a
large part of it, and smaller areas where locally a plagio-

8 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

clastic feldspar prevails — as would be the case along the
profile from Baja California, described in these notes —
would then be indicated as a dioritic facies of Gfranite.

o

We have, however, as yet, very few reliable petrographical
determinations in this area, but the few available seem rather
to indicate that a large portion of it consists of rocks in
which plagioclase prevails."^ Future examinations will show
the extent of these dioritic areas and their connection with
the granite,

II. — PaL.EO VOLCANIC EFFUSIVE KOCKS.

Quavtz-porphyrites.

Heavy masses of effusive rocks cover the granite almost
everywhere in the country adjoining Todos Santos Bay.
Sometimes these eruptives form massive, high ranges, like
that extending from Punta Banda to Santo Tomas, deeply cut
into by erosion; or, again, like the hills near San Carlos and
north of Ensenada, perfectly distinct flows or sheets may be
observed, nearly horizontal at the coast but inclining at a
steeper angle further inland. Considerably altered tuface-
ous masses sometimes appear in connection with them.
Nearly all of these rocks have a porphyritic habit and are
very acid, while the feldspars are predominantly plagio-
clastic. On the whole, they maybe characterized as quartz-
porphyrites and quartz-hornblende porphyrites, although
the latter are comparatively less extensively developed.
Fragments and boulders of these porphyrites are included

*Ad. Schmidt (L.J., 1878 716) examined a specimeu from the YosemiteValley.and found
it to be a quartz diorite. He also pointed out the great general similarity of this quartz
diorite (identical with the quartz-mica diorite described in this paper) with the Toualite
(V. Rath), occurring as an intrusive massive in Southern Tyrol at Mt. Adamello.

An analysis of the Yosemite granite in King's Fortieth Parallel (Systematic Geology, p.
Ill), shows 4.49 per cent. Na,p, and only 2.08 per cent. Ka 0, thus confirming Schmidt's
results.

A granite from Steamboat Springs, Nevada, near the east base of the Sierra Nevada,
carries apparently about equal quantities of orthoclase and plagioclase. (G. F. Becker,
Quicksilver Deposits of the Pacific Coast, Monograph XIII, U, S. Geol. Survey.

PETROGRAPHICAL NOTES. 9

ill the cretaceous sandstones and conglomerates of Punta
Banda, which would indicate a mesozoic or )3re-mesozoic
age of these eruptions. In view of the fact, however, that
the flow structure is still clearly discernible and well pre-
served, and that tufas are of frequent occurrence, we are
justified in regarding the age of the flows as mesozoic, even
perhaps, late mesozoic. The center from which these flows
originated was probably situated twenty or twentj^-five miles
inland; at any rate the porphyrites do not continue in an
easterly direction any further than this.

Yarious structural varieties may be noted among these
rocks, as well as difl'erences in the macroscopical appear-
ance. As a rule the quartz-porphyrites have a very hard,
dense and flinty groundmass of black or brown color, in
which lie embedded quartz grains and small tabular feld-
spar crystals.

Detailed Description.

1. The rocks from Punta Ensenada, the blufl* just north-
west of the town of that name, correspond in macroscopical
appearance well with the description just given. The
groundmass is chocolate-brown, and contains many small,
white feldspar crystals, not exceeding 0.5 mm. in length.
No porphyritic quartz. Under the microscope the feldspars
appear in prismatic sections, all of which show polysyn-
thetic twin-structure. Isolated fragments gave with hydro-
silico-fluoric acid abundant Na reaction, and but very little
Ca; according to this the feldspar w^ould probably be an oligo-
clase. No bisilicate or porphyritic quartz. The ground-
mass is holocrystalline, composed of a fine aggregate of
quartz and feldspar; it often has a microfluidal appearance
by the arrangement of the opacite in streaks and bands.

Sometimes there are curved streaks of a clearer mass,
which, between crossed nicols, shows perpendicular, double-
refracting fibres, evidently consisting of feldspar. The feld-
spar grains of the groundmass are not striated. In spite of

10 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

the absence of porphyritic quartz, this rock contains 74.25^
Si02.

2. A type similar to this, but with much porphyritic quartz,
was collected in the hills east of San Carlos. Macroscopi-
call}^ it has a violet-brown grounclmass, with numerous small
quartz grains and feldspar tables. In thin section, some of
the feldspar crystals show no twin structure, but are other-
wise similar to those in the type just described. Numerous
isolated fragments showed, however, when tested with liy-
drosilico-fluoric acid, that a plagioclase, nearly related to
oligoclase, predominated.

Quartz occurs porphyritic in a few larger rounded and
corrroded grains with numerous fluid inclusions, some of
which show moving bubbles. The groundmass consists of
allotriomorphic quartz and unstriated feldspar grains, be-
tween which lies a still finer holocrystalline quartz-feldspar
mass. No glass or microfelsite. In the groundmass lie
numerous clearer bent and curved streaks, consisting of fine
fibres arranged perpendicularly to the length extension of
the bodies: the fibres which are not very strongly doubly
refracting often join in the middle along a seam parallel
to the length extension. These peculiar forms, calling
to mind the axiolites of the rhyolites (Zirkel), would
here, how^ever, appear to consist of feldspar. Fine
Fe.Oa and opacite are distributed throughout the ground-
mass.

In the foothills of Sausal Yalley similar rocks are found,
in which, however, the groundmass is coarser, microcrys-
talline, and consisting of interlaced quartz and feldspar
grains, with a slight approximation to ejranophyric struct-
ure. Some of the feldspar grains in the groundmass are
striated.

The porphyrites from the Punta Banda Kange differ partly
from those already described. The largest proportion of
them appear to be quartz-hornblende porphyrites, but be-

PETROGRAPHICAL NOTES. 11

sides these there are other dioritic and granitic rocks, the
exact relation of which to the others coukl not be clearly
established. In the types described above, hornblende is
either absent, or else only appears as indefinite remains of
magmatic resorption.

3. Specimens taken near the Pacific, on the south side of
Pnnta Banda, opposite the proposed hotel, show a grayish-
brown groundmass, with a few small feldspar and horn-
blende prisms. Under the microscope the feldspars are
seen to be plagioclastic, presumably oligoclase; the horn-
blende crystals are decomposed to chloritic aggregates.
The groundmass is a microcrystalline feldspar-quartz aggre-
gate, which has a microfluidal structure, indicated by alter-
nating lighter and darker bands, and caused by the une-
qual distribution of opacite; the grain of the groundmass
also varies between certain limits in the difierent bands.

4. The most common type appears to be that exhibited
by the specimens from the nortli side of the Punta Banda
Range, south of the estuary and El Ma^ieadero. It is a
greenish rock with a crystalline groundmass, in wdiicli are
imbedded large white tabnlar feldspar crystals and small
prisms of hornblende. Under the microscope the constit-
uents of the first generation are, 1. Idiomorphic plagioclase
of tabular habit. Isolated fragments give, wdth Boricky's
test, abundant Na — less so Ca reaction, and certainly are
oligoclase. 2. Smaller quartz grains, partly idiomorphic,
partly rounded, filled with fluid inclusions with moving
bubbles; also, gas inclusions. 3. Hornblende prisms de-
composed to chlorite and bastite. 4. Magnetite. 5. Zircon.

The holocrystalline groundmass consists of relatively
large grains of quartz and unstriated feldspar connected by
an intimate granophyric structure.

According to Rosenbusch the rock would be designated as
a quartz-liornhleiuk granophyrite.

12 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Porpliyrite Tufa .

Connected with these flows of quartz-porphyrite there are
considerable masses of tufaceous character; sometimes, as
near Hotel Iturbide at Ensenada, the tufaceous character is
well preserved, although the rock is exceedingly compact,
and to a great extent, filled with secondary minerals, epi-
dote, chlorite, etc.; often, however, the tufas can only, un-
der the microscope, be distinguished from the massive por-
j)hy rites. All of them belong to the agglomeratic tufas
(Llosenbusch), consisting of small fragments of the primary
rock cemented together by a fine detrital mass.

The tufa from near Hotel Iturbide is a dark rock with a
flinty fracture and many small feldspar crystals. The clastic
character is most clearly perceived on the weathered faces,
which distinctly show the different fragments in relief.

Under the microscope the angular fragments consist of
quartz porphyrites with holocrystalline groundmass, more
or less fine, containing much opacite, and usually to be re-
ferred to the type described above under 1. Besides, there
are numerous fragments of porphyritic feldspar and quartz.

All of these are cemented by a very tine microcrystalline
groundmass, evidently once detrital, but in which now this
character has been obscured by secondary processes. Other
tufas contain, besides the fragments of porphyrites, granitic
quartz and feldspar.

III. — Neovolcanic Effusive Kock.

Basalt.

The only recent or tertiary volcanic rocks examined were
those from the flow, coming down from some point in the
interior and ending at the steep bluffs on the coast north of
Todos Santos Bay.

Specimens collected near Sausal have the macroscopic
appearance of a black, fine-grained vesicular basalt; the
cavities are usually covered with a yellow coating.

PETROGRAPinCAL NOTES. 13

Under the microscope appear among the porphyritic
crystals a few sharply defined plagioclastic feldspars which,
as well as those of the groundmass, probably belong to the
oligoclase or andesine series. Inclusion of glassy ground-
mass are frequent, and occasionally such of augite, also
appear.

Of the bisilicates there are in porphyritic form a few, more
or less w^ll-defined pale green augite crystals, and also
some more plainly idiomorphic prisms of hypersthene with
its usual characteristics, the latter being the older. Olivine
is conspicuously absent.

The groundmass consists of striated plagioclase micro-
lites, grains and prisms of augite (the hyperstheue is evi-
dently not represented), and finally grains of magnetite,
usually clinging to or included in the small augites.

Cementing these, there is an abundant light-brown globu-
litic glass. The round discs or balls of the globulites are
of a darker coffee -brown color, and usually about 0.00'2
mm. in diameter; often the}^ are included together with the
glass in the porphyritic feldspars or augite. Using the
terminology of Rosen busch, we may thus characterize the
rock as an olivine free hypersthene basalt, hypocrystalline-
porphyritic, and with an approximation to hyalopilitic
structure.

Basalts of this unusual type have already been described
from several places along the Pacific Coast; from Oregon,
by J. S. Diller"^ and A. B. Emmons, t from Lake county,
California, by G. F. Becker,:j: and from San Salvador (C. A.),
by Hague andlddings.^

The locality here describe^d is about 500 miles south of
the occurrence in Lake county (Central California, north of
San Francisco).

*Am. J. Sc. XXVIII, 252.
tBull. Calif. Acad., No. 4. 1884.

JGeology of the Quicksilver deposit of the Pacific Coast, monograph XIII, U. S. Geol.
Survey.
gAm. J. Sc. XXXII, 187. 1886.

14 CALIFORNIA ACADExMY OF SCIENCES.

IV. — The Slate Series.

In the vast granite area are inclosed smaller slate areas
which always appear to have suffered intense lateral com-
pression and are highly altered.

Tiie specimens collected come from two of these areas,
one in the vicinity of Eeal del Castillo, the other between
this place and Ensenada, but petrographically speaking the
rocks from both are nearly identical. The material is not
sufficient for a thorough examination of the whole series,
and only the general character can be indicated.

A division of the rocks may be made in — 1. Chloritic
slate; 2. Quartzite; 3. Carbonaceous slate.

1. Chloritic Slate.

Specimens of this from near Real del Castillo, are soft
and decomposed; it is very likely that the chlorite is sec-
ondary and has resulted from primary pyroxenic or amphi-
bolitic rocks.

2. Quartzite.

These are fine-grained, brown or grayish-brown rocks,
collected near the road from Ensenada to Real, in Gallo
Canon. Some are thoroughly crystalline, consisting of
sliarply defined, rounded or angular quartz grains of some-
what varying size. Orthoclase is, however, also present,
and even a few striated triclinic feldspars. Eilms of small,
parallel biotite foils and grains of iron pyrites are distrib-
uted through the mass.

In other specimens the quartz and feldspar grains do not
always join each other directly, but are separated by a once
detrital, now microcrystalline mass of the same materials,
to which is usually added minute foils of chestnut-brown
biotite. The quartz grains frequently contain fluid inclu-
sions .

PETROGRAPHICAL NOTES. 15

3. Carbonaceous Slate.

These are represented by specimens from tlie Guadaloupe
River, one-half mile below Keal, and from various points
along the Gallo Canon.

They are usually black, fine-grained rocks of decidedly
slaty structure; films of brown biotite, composed of minute
scales, occur on the stratification planes.

Under the microscope they prove to consist of alternating
bands of coarser and finer quartz-feldspar aggregates, the
grains of which are well defined and join sharply. The
quartz grains show numerous fluid inclusions, partly with
moving bubbles. The liquid is often of a brownish color.
Films of chestnut-brown biotite, and also isolated minute
foils of the same substance are scattered through the rock.

There is also much carbonaceous substance, usually ar-
ranged in streaks and bands, following the more fine-grained
parts of the rock; it appears as small grains of irregular,
often elongated shape. That this material is to great extent,
at least, formed by carbon, is proved by igniting the rock,
when it loses much of its dark color.

In one specimen, the coarser quartz grains are filled witli
dark, short rutile-needles (ThonschiefernEedelchen), and also
contain some larger, yellow, knee-shaped rutile crystals.

V. — Diabase.

In the section of metamorphic slate exposed along the
Gallo Canon, and especially near the eastern granite con-
tact, there are great masses of dark, fine to middle-grained
diabases. They do not generally have a slaty structure,
and still the field observations would indicate that they
belong to or are intimately connected with the metamor-
phic series. Some distance west of the divide between
San Rafael Valley and Gallo Creek these rocks end with
quite a sharp contact towards the granite, to begin again
with a similar contact in the first foothills of the valley.

16 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Diabases are also found near the granite contact just west
of Real del Castillo. Under the microscope these rocks
prove to have a composition identical with that of diabase,
while the structure varies considerably in different speci-
mens. All are more or less uralitized, a process which is
generally considered to indicate dynamo-metamorphic ac-
tion; this fact thus also tends to prove that the diabases
form a part of the highly compressed slate series. The
most plausible view is, perhaps, to regard them as heavy
effusive masses poured out on the bottom of the sea, in
which the sediments of the metamorphic slate series once
accumulated or as intrusives in the slates before their
compression. Neither the collection nor the observations
are extensive enough for a detailed examination as to the
genesis and relations to other parts of the slate series.
Some of these rocks are certainly eruptive diabases or dy-
namo-metamorphic forms of these, while it is not impossi-
ble that others may be products of recrystallization of clas-
tic rocks, induced by dynamic processes.

A specimen from the head of Gallo Canon, near the gran-
ite contact is macroscopically a greenish - gray middle-
grained diabase; in thin section it is seen to have a
hyphidiomorphic diabasic-granular structure, consisting
of Jathlike, clear and striated plagioclase crystals, pro-
bably oligoclase or andesine and allotriomorphic augite,
slightly brownish, filling the interstices between the former.
The augite is extensively uralitized, while the resulting
uralite again is decomposing into aggregates of chlorite and
serpentine.

In another specimen from the foothills of San Rafael
Valley, along the road from Ensenada to Real, the uraliliza-
tion has progressed still further; the lathlike feldspar crys-
tals are still visible, and between them lies a little quartz
in grains, the shape of which is determined by the former.
No augite remains; the irregular grains of a light green
uralitic hornblende (a, light yellowish; b, brownish-green;

PETROGRAPHICAL NOTES. 17

c, bluish -green), are partly chloritized, and, besides, fine
needles of actinolite are scattered throughout the rock.

In a specimen from Gallo Canon, the uralitization is also
complete, and often the feldspar grains, irregular or lath-
like, are surrounded by uralite grains in a peculiar manner,
so as to give a somewhat clastic appearance to the rock.

Using the term metamorphic in its wider sense, we may
refer to the rocks described under IV and V, as the meta-
morphic series. The general character of this series is not
unlike that of the Sierra Nevada, in which altered clastic
rocks, distinctly stratified, frequently alternate with massive
or imperfectly slaty diabases; it is also auriferous, contain-
ing, for instance, at Real del Castillo and other places,
numerous quartz veins with free gold.

Gneisses and true mica schists are absent except, perhaps,
near the granite contacts, where the slates often become
strongly micaceous.

The age of this auriferous slate series of Baja California
mQst, for the present, remain uncertain. From the occurrence
of unaltered, nearly horizontal cretaceous strata on the west
coast we may, however, conclude it to be pre-cretaceous.
On the other hand, there does not appear any reason why it
should be regarded as Archaean. There are in the Sierra
Nevada, at least, strata of carboniferous age or even possi-
bly younger, full}^ as highly altered as those here dis-
cussed.

2d Skr., Vol. 11. Issued June 29, 1889.

18 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW THRUSH FROM CALAVERAS
COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.

BY L. BELDING.

Turdus sequoiensis, sp. nov.
Big Tree Thrush.

Sp. char. — In size between the Dwarf and Audubon's
Thrushes. In color paler than either or any American
thrush I have ever seen; both above and below considerably
resembling T. aliciw, the spotting included, while its cheeks
are still grayer than in alicice. Tail and coverts about as
light cinnamon as in T. auduhoni. Lores, superciliary, or-
bital ring and under parts pure white; sides and flanks pale
brownish white or ashy, a very slight trace of yellow on the
the breast; a tinge of buff in the band on under side of
wing, this band being nearly pure white. Exposed parts
of primaries much lighter than back; inner webs of quills
brownish. Feet and tarsi very pale in fresh specimens.
First quill longer than the fifth and shorter than the fourth;
second and third about equal. Terminal inch or more of
outer web of second, third and fourth primaries, attenuated,
in this agreeing with the Dwarf and Audubon's Thrushes,
and disagreeing with T. nstulatus and its varieties.

6 Type specimen in best breeding plumage, shot by
myself at Big Trees, May 26, 1889. (No. 326, Collection
of California Academy of Sciences). Wing, 3.80; tail, 3.05;
tarsus, 1.15; tip of bill to nostril, .40; to forehead, [culmen]
.70 inches.

$ Type specimen, shot by myself, same locality, May
23, 1889. ( No. 327, Collection of California Academy of
Sciences.) Wing, 3.65; tail, 3.00; tarsus, 1.16; tip of bill
to nostril, .40 inches.

A female which I shot at Big Trees June 25, 1883, has a

2d Ser. Vol. II. Issued June 11, 1889.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW THRUSH. 19

wing measurement of 3.75 inches, and although in worn
breeding plumage, is otherwise quite as large as the above
described male.

The only nest found was in a liazel bush {Corylus) about
three feet from the ground; was about five inches across
the top and about half as deep; composed of small roots
and lined with shreds of the bark of incense cedar (Libro-
cedrus), with moss, lichens and dead leaves on the exterior.

The nest contained two quite fresh eggs; thej were un-
spotted, nearly the color of a robin's egg and measured
.85 X 65 ; .83 x .63 inches. I shot the female parent as she
flew from the nest, kept lier and the nest, but sent the eggs
to Mr. Chas. N. Comstock, who- had previously found the
nest. I informed him that they were the eggs of the dwarf
thrush and he published them as such.

I attributed the paleness of this and other individuals I
saw occasionally here, in summer, during the past ten years
or more, to lateness of the season, but on June 10, 1888, I
shot a male in good plumage and concluded that it was
worthy of varietal or specific rank, and a recent comparison
of specimens of this with specimens of T. aonalascJikcej
T. aoncdaschJcce auduhoni, T. aoncdaschJcos j)cillasii and others,
mostly furnished by the kindness of Prof. Eobert Ridgway
from the National Museum, convinces me that it is entitled
to the latter.

The absence of olive and almost entire absence of buff
from its plumage together with its paleness, distinguishes
it at once from any of the small thrushes of America. Ex-
cept for the cinnamon of the tail it most resembles a faded
alicice from Alaska. The faqt of its laying eggs like tliose
of aonolaschkce, auduhoni and ixdlasii and having the rufous
tail of these forms does not establish the other fact that it
is but a variety of these.

Habits and songs, especially the latter, may go far to-
wards fixing its true relationship.

20 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE NESTS AND EGGS OF SOME LOWER
CALIFORNIAN BIRDS, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE
YOUNG PLUMAGE OF GEOTHLYPIS BELDINGI.

BY WALTER E. BRYANT.

Geothlypis beldingi Kidgw.

Belding's Yellow-throat. — This w^arbler was first known
from specimens taken at San Jose del Cabo in April, 1882,
by Mr. L. Belding, but the eggs have since remained un-
known so far as the obtaining of an authentic nest is
concerned.

In the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum (Vol.
Y, p. 546), Mr. Belding says: " Their habits are quite like
those of G. trichas, and the eggs not materially different,
if a nest found by my guide on the Miraflores and Todos
Santos trail May 6, belonged to this species, as I supposed
it did, having seen a fine male near the spot from which it
was taken."

As these eggs were not preserved, the eleven herein de-
scribed are presumably the first and only ones known.

In March and April, 1888, I found this species breeding
at Comondu, Lower California, the only locality in which I
found it that year, and the most northern point (at that
time) from which it 'had been obtained. No nests were
found during March, 1888, and by April the young were
flying.

I Avas fortunate in visiting Comondu during the latter
part of March of this year, and made a special effort to col-
lect the eggs of this species, and by offering a cash reward
interested some Mexican boys in the search. This resulted
in five nests being found, from four of which eggs were
taken, eleven specimens in all.

To Mr. T. S. Brandegee, the well known botanist, who
accompanied me, is due the ciedit of finding the first

2d Ser.,Vol. n. Issued June 20, 1889.

NESTS AND EGGS OF SOME CALIFORNIAN BIRDS. 21

nest, March 25, 1889 (set No. 881, coll. W. E. B.) This
was discreetly left undisturbed until I could be shown
to the spot a few hours later. The nest was loosely
woven in a clump of "cat-tails" {Typha) one metre
above running Avater. It is composed outwardly entirely
of dry leaves of the "cat-tail," and thinly lined with
fine fiber and a few horsehairs. It measures externally (as
nearly as can be determined from its rough shape) not less
than 150 mm. in height by about 115 mm. in diameter. The
receptacle is about ^b mm. in depth, with a diameter at the
top of 50 mm. The general appearance is almost identical
with some song sparrows' nests. When taken the eggs were
cold and the birds absent, although the female was seen
when it was first found. In size the eggs are larger than
any other North American yellow-throat, measuring 19x15;
19^5 X 15; 19.5x14.5; 19.5x14.5 millimetres. They are
white, with shell spots and dots of lilac-gray and a few sur-
face spots and pencillings of black. There is but little
variation from this pattern in the markings of the other sets
mentioned later.

The Mexican boys were emphatically instructed that what-
ever nests were found they were to be left until I could be
shown to the place. The same day that Mr. Brandegee
found the set of four, a bright little fellow came to camp
with the information that he had found a nest containing
three eggs. This was in quite similar situation to the other,
but placed not more than half a metre high. On March 27
the nest and eggs were taken, incubation having commenced.
The nest is of the same material as used in the other, but is
smaller exteriorly. This set (No. 880, coll. W. E. B.) meas-
ures 19.5x15.5 mm. with each egg.

On March 28 I found a third nest in a heavy growth of
" cat-tails " near the outer edge of the clump, and placed
one and one-half metres high. This nest, like the others,
is composed of " cat-tail " leaves, but is lined almost exclu-
sively with black horsehairs, so few being used that they do

22 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

not even hide the structural material. The two eggs which
were in the nest when found were not taken until March 31,
when they contained small embryos. Although these two
eggs constituted a set, I do not consider it a normal one, but
lacking in number from some cause unknown. The diame-
ter of each specimen is 19.5x15 mm.

The female was sitting at the time I went to take the nest,
but quietly retreated amongst the rushes and made no dem-
onstration, further than a coarse "tchep" note.

Two other nests, one containing two fresh eggs and the
other new, were shown to me by Mexican boys April 3; my
departure from Comondu on that day prevented me from
securing more than these two additional eggs, which meas-
ure 19.5x14.5 and 19.5 x 15 millimetres.

A young bird, the plumage of which has, I believe, never
been described, was taken at Comondu, April 18, 1888. It
was attended by the female, which exhibited considerable
solicitude for its safety.

Young (No. 3211, immature, coll. of W. E. B. from
Comondu, Lower California). — Above, uniform dark olive-
brown. Below, sides, and under wing coverts, light yellow-
ish-buff. Faint indications of light superciliary stripe.
Wings above, dark olive-green with distinct greenish edging
to outer web of each feather except the first, which has a
whitish edging the same as adults. Greater wing coverts,
rusty on edges. Tail, olive-green above, lighter below. A
few feathers of the fall plumage are just showing on the
sides of the breast; otherwise the specimen seems to be in
first plumage.

Melospiza fasciata rivularis Bryaut.

Brown's Song Sparrow. — Nest building begins about the
middle of March with this bird at Comondu. In 1888 I
found them sitting, March 12. This year I prepared a female
taken at Comondu, March 22, at 7 a. M. , which contained a

NESTS AND EGGS OF SOME CALIF ORNI AN BIRDS. 23

fully developed egg, apparently the last of a set; size 19.5 x 16
millimetres.

The first nest obtained was found by a Mexican boy at
Comondu, March 27, 1889. It was built less than one metre
above the ground, in a thick growth of ''cat-tails." The
situation being quite similar to the sites chosen by Belding's
Yellow-throat.

The nest is composed outwardly of narrow, loosely laid
leaves of "cat-tails." The interior is first lined with a thin
covering of fine strips of "cat-tail" leaves and a few fibres;
over this is a thick covering of hairs. In size the nest is
like the usual build of song sparrows.

The eggs, four in number, contained large embryos. They
are pale, greenish white, thickly speckled and blotched with
reddish brown, forming a dense ring about the larger end.
Underlying the brown markings are irregular spots of pale
lavender.

This set (So. 882, coll. of W. E. B.), measures 21.5x15.5,
21.5x15.5; 21x16; 21 x 15.5 millimetres.

On April 21, 1889, I found a set of three (No. 891, colL
of W. E. B.), in a nest built amongst " cat-tails " half a
metre above a pool of water; it has the appearance of a
double nest, l^eing about twice the usual height. The eggs
vary so much that they look like a composite set, incuba-
tion was equally advanced in all. They measure 20 x 14.5;
19x14.5; 18.5x14 millimetres. Five other specimens, two
from Comondu and a set of three from San Iguacio, have
an average size of 19.5x15 millimetres.

Carpodacus frontalis ruberrimus ^Ridgw.

Eidgway's House Finch. — Most of the nests of this
variety at Comondu were in palm trees and well nigh inac-
cessible. A nest containing two fresh eggs (set No. 885,
coll. of AV. E. B.),was collected March 31 from the under side
of a veranda awning of an adohe house; it was built amongst
thick vine branches at an altitude of about four meters.

24 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

The nest was like similar ones of this genus adapted to
the space wherein it was built, and composed of such ma-
terial as was nearest at hand. In this case rootlets, a bit of
rag and considerable wild cotton, enter into the external
composition, while a few soft shreds from plant stalks, a
quantity of wild cotton, and lastly, some horsehairs com-
plete the interior.

Both birds were about while the nest was being removed;
the male was intensely bright colored, A few days later
this pair began another nest under the same roof near the
old site.

The eggs are not distinguishable from egejs of C. frontalis
from California. They are sparsely marked with black in
an irregular wreath about the larger end. In size they
measure 18.5 x 15 and 19 x 15 millimetres.

Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca Kitlgw.

Xantus's Jay. — A single nest of this new variety was
found by myself a few miles southward from San Ignacio on
April 12, 1889. 'I'he nest was built about three metres high
in a green acacia near the trail. The female was sitting,
and did not liy until preparations for climbing the tree had
commenced. The nest was in quite an exposed situation
amongst scant twigs on a horizontal branch. It is composed
of small loosely laid dry twigs, and a shallow receptacle
lined with fibre and horsehair.

The eggs, three in num-ber (set No. 899, coll. of W. E. B.),
contained small embryos. They are more finely spotted
than some similar jay's eggs, with shell spots of pale lilac-
gray and surface spots of pale olive-green. The ground
color is dull, pale glaucous grfion. They measure 27.5 x 20.5;
27.5x21; 27x21 millimetre-

NESTS AND EGGS OF SOME CALIFORNIAN BIRDS. 25

PROVISIONAL DESCRIPTIONS OF SUPPOSED NEW MAMMALS
FROM CALIFORNIA AND LOWER CALIFORNIA.

BY WALTER E. BRYANT.

Sciurus fossor nigripes Sub-p. nov.
Black-footed Gray Squirrel.

For the past five years I liave known of the exist-
ence of two different gray squirrels inhabiting this State,
but have not, until a 3'ear ago, been able to ascertain
from taxidermists and market men tlie locality where
the rarer of the two forms (^nigripes) had been taken.
During the fall of 1888 I examined about twenty specimens
of this new variety in the flesh from San Mateo County, and
about the same number of S. fossor from the foot-hills of
the Sierra Nevada, as they were offered on sale in the mar-
kets. There is no trouble to recognize at a glance the
differences which are so strongly marked in the gray squir-
rels of the Sierra region and those of the redwood, coast
region south of San Francisco. The intergradation I sur-
mise occurs northward, judging from four specimens just
collected b}' Mr. R. C. McGregor ijj Mendocino County, but
these are in poor condition, and not all of them adults.

I regret that it is not possible to give measurements of
the two forms (taken from fresh specimens) as well as cra-
nial character, at present, but the following will serve to
distinguish the black-footed variety.

Subsp. char. — General color of upper parts much darker
than S. fossor, particularly upper surface of tail. Upper
surface of manus, dark gray or black Upper surface of pes,
black, sometimes with a sprinkling of gray on toes. Entire
absence (in majority of specimens) of light tawny ochraceous
at base and posterior surface of ears. Dorsal region and

2d Ser., Vol. II. Issued June 2L, 1889.

26 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

scapulars marked by a pale yellowish-brown suffusion ex-
tending nearly or quite to the tail. Orbital ring and under
surface of body and legs, pure wliite.

Habitat. — Coast region of California south of San Fran-
cisco.

Spermophilus grammurus atricapillus Snbsp. nov.

Black-capped Ground Squirrel.

In 1888 I examined several specimens of the lined-tailed
spermophile inhabiting the rocky region at Comondu, Lower
California, and brought back three skins, representing the
widest difference in those individuals. The striking peculiar-
ity of the black crown and blackish scapular region suggested
at once a peninsular form of this variable spermophile.
When revisiting Comondu, in March of this year, I engaged
several Mexican boys to trap ground-squirrels for me, wliich
they did with most satisfactory results; the entire series num-
bering twenty-nine complete skins and one scalp, are now be-
fore me, and upwards of a dozen others were examined in the
flesh, but not preserved. In this collection are two small
young, but the majority are adults.

There is considerable individual variation shown in speci-
mens from the same locality. As I traveled northward I
found amongst the squirrels which were taken a strong ten-
dency to depart from the typical form and approach in color
aS*. grammurus. How far south on the peninsula typical
beecheyi may extend has never been determined; none of
those collected are quite referable to it. Regarding the
three most variable specimens (those of 1888) Dr. Merriam
writes: " Your Spermophilus grammurus atricapillus agrees
with other specimens I have seen from northern Mexico. In
my opinion it represents one stage in the series of inter-
grades wdiich should connect iypical gy^amrrmr us with typical
huckleyi. It has nothing to do with heeclieyi proper, although
I must confess that except for size one of your females agrees

DESCRIPTIONS OF SUPPOSED NEW MAMMALS. 27

almost exactly with some of my specimens collected near
San Francisco; but heecheyi varies greatly in the distinct-
ness of its gray shoulder stripes, as yoa must have observed
if you have any sort of series."

Measurements taken from fresh specimens, also cranial
dimensions, will be given in a later paper.

Subsp. char. — Similar in color to S. grammiirus, but
having top of head, black; neck, scapulars and interscapu-
lars, black, blending with anterior dorsal region and sides;
dark area, exclusive of crown, mottled or sprinkled with
gray. Orbital ring, white.

Habitat. — Central and southern portions of Lower Cali-
fornia; (Northern Mexico?).

28 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

PRELIMINARY NOTES ON SOUTH AMERICAN
NEMATOGNATHI.

II.

BY CARL H. EIGENMANN AND ROSA SMITH EIGENMANN.

The present paper is a continuation of the Preliminary
Notes which appeared in the Proceedings of the California
Academy of Sciences, 2d Ser., Vol. I, pp. 119-172. It
contains several forms omitted in the preceding paper,
a list of the genera and species of Loricariidae exclusive of
tlie genus Plecostomus, Bunocephalidie and Pygididse, with
descriptions of the following new forms:

1, Acentronichtliys; 2, A. leptos; 3, Nemuroglanis; 4, N.
lanceolatus; 5, SteindacJmeria doceaiia; 6, Platystoma fasci-
atam reticidatum; 7, Pl.fasc. nigricans; 8, PL fasc. brevefile;
9, Tachisurus upsulonophovus; 10, Farloivella: 11, F. carinata;
12, Loricaria pcmamcnsis; 13, L. hrevirostris; 14, L. lata;
15, L. pJioxocephala; 16, Oxyropsis; 17, 0. wrigJitiana; 18,
Hisoiwtus; 19, H. notatus; 20, Microlepidogastev, 21, M.
parforatus; 22, Parotocinclus; 23, Neoplecostomns ; 24, Rhi-
nelepis lopliophanes; 25, Panaque; 26, Deltaviis; 27, D.
parahjhce; 28, HemipsilicMliys; 29, Ancistrus diagresi; 30,
A. stigmaticus; 31, A. clrrhosus dtihius; 32, Bunocephalus
scahriceps; 33, Pygidimn oroyce; 31, P. immaculatum; 35,
Tridens; 36, T. melanops; 37, T. hrevis; 38, Pseudosteg-
opJiilus; 39, StegopJiilus intermedins; 40, Miuroglanis; 41,
M. platyceplialus.

SILUKIDiE.

YI. c. AcENTRONiCHTHi'S gen. nov.

Type, Acentronichthys leptos sp. uov.

Caudal widely forked; occipital process small, not con-

2d See., Vol. II. Issued August 18, 188i).

SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATIII. 29

tinned to the dorsal; fontanel extending to base of occipital
process. Orbit without a free margin. Dorsal and pecto-
ral without spines; ventrais under anterior half of dorsal;
anal long. Allied to Heptapterus.

Acentronichthys leptos.

Type, No. 7532; oue specimea, .105 m. Sao Matbeos, Hartt & Cope-
land.

Extremely elongate, depth of caudal peduncle little less
than the greatest depth.

Eye minute, one orbital diameter nearer to tip of snout
than to end of opercle. Maxillary barbels reaching beyond
middle of pectoral. Adipose fin long and low, its origin in
advance of the anal, confluent luith the caudal Jin. Caudal
with numerous accessory rays. Ventrais inserted below
the Jirst dorsal ray. Brownish, with traces of a dai^k lateral
band ; a dark bar extending forward from eye; two dark
lines on base of caudal and parallel with its root.

Head Ih', depth 10; D. 7; A. 19.

XV. b. Nemuroglanis gen. nov.

Type, Nemuroglanis lanceolaius sp. nov.

This genus belongs to the Pimelodinte with teeth on the
Yomer; its relationships are not well made out.

Caudal long lanceolate; adipose fin long and low, joined
to the caudal. No evident occipital process. No bucklers
in front of the dorsal which is placed over the ventrais.
Vomer with teeth.

Nemuroglanis lanceolatus.

Type, No. 8169; one specimen, .035 m. Jutahy, Thayer Expedition.

Elongate slender, tail compressed, head and body de-
pressed.

Eye 2 -2 1 in snout which is equal to the interorbital, and
2J in the head.

Maxillary barbels reaching beyond origin of the dorsal.

30 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Dorsal without spine or basal plate. Caudal rays rapidly
tapering to the middle ones which are greatly prolonged,
less than 21 in the length.

Uniform yellow.

Head4|; D. 7; A. 13.

XVIII. Steindachneria Eigenm. & Eigenm.
Steindachneria doceana sp. uov.

Types, Nos. 23792; 23793; 23794; nine specimens, .37-74 m. Eio Doce.

Head broad, depressed, the depth at the base of the oc-
cipital process 2J-3 in its length, its width If. Occipital
process broad, not quite reaching the long, triangular dorsal
plate.

Teeth of the vomer in a single patch.

Maxillary barbels reaching to middle of dorsal in the
smallest, to middle of pectoral in the largest specimen.

Base of adipose i-l longer than base of anal.

Caudal emarginate.

Ground color light; sides and back marked with dark
brown; only spots and curved bars of the ground color
visible on the head and back; on the sides the color is
about equally distributed in vermiculating stripes. Un-
paired, and upper surfaces of the paired fins, light, profusely
spotted with dark; the spots of the dorsal and pectoral con-
fluent into bars and stripes in the largest specimen; adipose
fin colored like the back; ventral surface and lower surface
of the paired fins plain.

Head 3|-Hi ; depth 6i-7§; Br. 8-9; D. I, 7-8; A. 14.

The genus Steindachneria is confined, so far as known, to
the rivers Parahyba, Jequitinhonha and Doce, each of
which has a distinct species.

XXI. PsEUDOPLATYSTOMA Bleeker.
Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum reticulatum var. nov.

Type, No. 23813; length .77 m. Rio Negro.

SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATHI.

31

Sides and back with narrow black lines forming coarse
reticulations; a series of large round black spots on the
lower part of the side; all the tins spotted with black. Max-
illary barbels reaching little beyond base of pectorals, the
post-mentals reaching somewhat farther.

Pseudo pi aty stoma fasciatum nigricans var. nov.

Types, Nos. 7301 and 7311; two specimens, .40-.60 m. Xingu.

Black above, gradually shading into light below; lateral
bars of the abdominal region extending to the edge of the
belly; a series of large black spots along the lower parts of
the sides; all the fins conspicuously spotted. Maxillary
barbel reaching to origin of dorsal.

Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum brevefile var. nov.

Type, No. 7317; one specimen, .62 m. Goyaz, Senhor Honorio

Vertical bars of abdominal region broken up into spots,
those of the caudal region widened at their loAver termina-
tion; a series of veiy large lateral spots on lower part of
sides. Maxillary barbels reaching to edge of opercle.

XXY. Tachisurus Lacepede.
Tachisurus upsulonophorus sp. nov.

Type, No. 23750; one specimen, .33 m. Rio Grande do Sul.

Closely related to T. platypogon (Gunther) from which
it may be distinguished by the following characters:

platypogon.

Inner margins of palatine patclies
of teeth straight; the distance be-
tween them equal to the diameter of
the pupil.

Fontanel abruptly continued as a
groove.

Granulations of the head fine, ir-
regularly scattered.

Anterior margin of the dorsal spine
with sharp straight teeth.

upsulonophorus.

Inner margins of palatine patches
of teeth concave, the distance be-
tween them greater than the longi-
tudinal diameter of the eye.

Fontanel gradually merging into
a groove.

Granulations of the head coarse,
arranged in series.

Anterior margin of the dorsal spine
with granules.

32 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Eye large, 2i in snout, 6J in head, 3 in interocular.

Maxillary barbels reaching little beyond base of pectoral.

Snout somewhat blunt, less decurved than in platypogon;
upper jaw slightly projecting; teeth villiform.

Gill membranes forming a narrow fold across the isthmus.

Vertical series of pores on the sides of the body.

Distance of dorsal fin from tip of snout little more than
2| in the length, the spine 1| in the head.

Adipose fin as long as the dorsal fin minus the fulcrum.

Caudal widely forked, 3| in the length.

Anal little longer than high, deeply emarginate.

Metallic blue, shading into silvery below; inner surface
of the pectorals wholly blue-black except the posterior
margin which is light; ventrals lighter, similarly marked.

Head 31; depth 5^; D. I. 7; A. 17.

LOEICARIID.E. .

I. Farlowella nom. gen. nov.

Acestra Kner 1853, preoc. in Hem., Dall, 1852.

"We have dedicated this genus to Dr. W. G. Farlow of
Harvard University.

1. Farlowella gladiola (Giinther).

2. Farlowella carinata Garman MS., sp. dov.

Types, Nos. 7742; 7769; 7770; 7771; 7773; 9830; fifteen specimens,
.10-. 22 m. to base of caudal. Santarem; Tefte; Guriipa; Obidos;
Jutahj^; Tabatinga.

Body little depressed, subterete; tail much depressed.
Snout long, greatly varying in length in specimens from
different localities; upper margin of gill opening equidis-
tant from tip of snout and somewhere between the posterior
end of dorsal fin and posterior margin of third scute behind
the dorsal fin; plates along margin of snout finely granular,
or swollen at center and more coarsely granular. Temporal
plate with coarse vermiculating ridges. Interorbital fiattish.

SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATHI. 33

Orbit 3-3\ in the interorbital. Anterior half of occipital
slightly tnmid, the occipital sometimes having obscure
X-shaped ridges which are continued as tAVO parallel ridges
on the nuchal plates.

Soft parts of the mouth in an oval depression; teeth fine,
numerous; barbels obsolete. Region between mouth and
pectoral fins Avith marginal plates only in the young, with
irregular polygonal plates in the adult.

Belly with two series of plates, each with a median keel.
Anal x^late arrow-shaped, a small unpaired plate before it;
an elongate plate before the anal fin. Dorsal plate elongate,
separating one or two paired plates; six or seven paired
plates between the dorsal plate and the occipital, Sides of
the body covered with two series of obscurely keeled plates
which coalesce above or slightly behind the anal; 20-22
paired plates between the dorsal and caudal fins.

Distance of dorsal fin from tip of snout 2-2^- in the length;
dorsal fin about three times as high as long, the first ray
highest.

Outermost caudal rays elongate, varying from the length
of the snout to much longer than the head.

Anal fin well developed, inserted under third or fourth
dorsal ray, little lower than dorsal fin.

Pectoral fins short, not reaching the ventrals, ventrals not
to the anal fin.

Light olivaceous to dark brown, the raj^s of all the fins
barred; each caudal lobe with a narrow, dark brown stripe,
sometimes with a few flecks of light across it; base of caudal
sometimes with a large dusky spot.

Length of head to end of- occipital plate 2|-3j in the
length.

D. 7; A. 6; V. 5: P. 7; lat. 1. 30-34.

3. Farlowella knerii (Steinducimer).

4. Farlowella oxyrrhynchus (Kner).

2d Ser., Vol. II. Issued August 18, 1889.

3

34 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

5. Farlowella amazona (Giintber).

6. Farlowella acus (Kner).

Lorkaria scolopacina Filippi.

II. Hemiodontichthys Bleeker.

7. Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus (Kner).

Localities: Mauacapiiru; Hj^avary.

III. LoKiCAEiA Linnaeus.

Sturisoma Swainson; Hemiodon Kner; Loricariichthys,
Pseudoloricaria, Parahemiodon, Heiniloricaria , PseiidoJiemio-
don, Bmeloricaria and Oxyloricaria Bleeker.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES OF LORICARIA.

I. Loricaria iDlatyura Miiller and Troscliel. II. Hem-
iloricaria caracasensis Bleeker. III. Loricaria hraiirfordi
Gill. IV. Loricaria cadece Hensel.

^ Hemiodon.

8. Loricaria depressa Kuer.

9. Loricaria panamensis sp. nov.

Type, No. 8126; oue specimen, .95 m, to base of caudal. Panama.
Dr. Hernberg.

Body little depressed. No keels on the head or on the
nuchal plates. Shields and scales hispid; a large naked
area about the mouth.

Orbit without a notch, 4 in the snout, 7 in head, If in
interorbital.

Teeth fine, numerous in both jaws.

Five series of plates on the belly; anal plate as long as
broad; lateral keels remaining distinct to the caudal fin,
approximated at about the sixteenth lateral scute.

Distance of dorsal fin from tip of snout 3|in the length ; first
dorsal ray very high; little less than its distance from the
tip of the snout.

Caudal forked, the outermost rays greatly produced.

SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATIII. 35

First anal ray little less than length of head. Ventrals
reaching to end of base of anal; pectoral to the vent.

Brownish; dorsal fin dark brown on its first and second
membrane and second ray, its other rays spotted; base of
caudal and longitudinal stripe on each lobe dark brown;
other fins plain; a large blackish area in front of each eye.

Head U; D. 8; A. 6; V. I, 5; P. I, 6; lat. 1. 33.

g Sturisoma.

10. Loricaria rostrata (Spix.)

L. acuta Cav. A: Val., j)late, not descr.; L. bnrbUa Kuer.
Locality: Mauacapuru.

§ Bineloricaria.

11. Loricaria brevirostris sp. no v.

Tj'pe, No. 8095; oue specimen, (j'; .21 m. to base of candal. Iga.
James.

Body little depressed anteriorly, its depth Ih in its width.
Depth of the head l.^ in the snout. Head without keels or
ridges, its surface and that of all the plates hispid; trans-
verse profile of the occiput regularly convex.

Orbit without a notch, 3J in snout, 7 in head, 2 in inter-
orbital. Anterior profile little concave; snout triangular,
acute, little longer than the rest of the head. Margin of
head with minute movable bristles. Teeth fine, numerous,
well developed in both jaws; upper lip granular, lower lip
thickly papillose. Breast and lower surface of the head
with numerous irregular plates; belly with five series of
plates. Lateral keels coalescing into one keel at about the
twentieth scute, the upper keel obsolete in front. Distance
of dorsal fin from tip of snout slightly more than 3 in the
length. First dorsal ray longer than the head. Rays of
the dorsal and caudal faintly spotted, other fins plain.

12. Loricaria lima Kuer.

? L. strigilata Hensel.

Localities: Mendez; Santa Cruz; Rio Guenda; Rio Parahybi; Campos;
Rio Macacos.

36 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

13. Loricaria magdalenee steiudacbuer.

14. Loricaria filamentosa Steindachner.

? L. brans/ordl Gill.

§ Loricaria.

15. Loricaria variegata Steindachner.

16. Loricaria macrodon steindachner.

17. Loricaria nudiventris Cuv. & Val.

18. Loricaria cataphracta Liunoaus.

L. duralj\n\idd\\^; L. cirrhosa)Moc\\', L. se^«yer«Lacepede; L.carinata

Castelnau; Plecostormis flagellaris Gronow.
Localities: Vigia; Sao GouQallo; Cameta; Mauaos; Para; Eio Negro;

Coary; Villa Bella; Gurnpa; Eio Preto; Tajapiiru; Porto do Moz;

Teffe; Maranon; Ucayale; Obidos.

19. Loricaria lata sp. uov.

Types, No. 8123; eleven specimens; .11-. 27 m. to base of caudal; Goy-
az. Senbor Honorio.

Body everywhere greatly depressed, the depth about If
in the width; the width at origin of anal equals snout and
orbit in the adult, equal to the snout alone in young. Head
depressed, its depth considerably less than length of snout,
its width little longer than its length to upper angle of gill
opening. Posterior half of occipital with two inconspicu-
ous keels. Humeral plate without keels.

A shallow, rounded orbital notch; interorbital very
slightly concave. E3^e 3f-4J in snout, 7-8 J in head, IJ- 1.^
in the interorbital. Snout pointed, its margin entirely
granular. Lips margined with cirri, the lower lip emargin-
ate, its surface also covered with cirri. Teeth few, large,
those of the upper jaw longer.

Nuchal plates faintly bicarinate: lateral keels rather
prominent, approximated on the 20th scute; breast and
belly with numerouss mall plates, or almost \\ hollj^ naked
in specimens .10 m. long to base of caudal.

Distance of dorsal lin from tip of snout 3 in the length.

Caudal fin injured. Anal fin as higli as the ventrals.

SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATHI. 37

Outer ventral ray greatly thickened and prolonged, reach-
ing beyond origin of anal fin.

Pectorals higher than the ventrals, reaching beyond base
of the latter.

Coloration uniform in adult (?), all the fins dusky; younj^
with five dark cross bars which are most prominent on the
sides; all the fins more or less spotted; upper lip and bar-
bel dotted.

20. Loricaria macromystax Giintber.

21. Loricaria vetula Valencieuues.

22. Loricaria lamina Giintber.

23. Loricaria platystoma Guntber.

§ Pseudoloricaria.

24. Loricaria laeviuscula Ciav. & Val.

Locabties: Kio Madeira: Eio Trombetas; Coary; Jutaby; Porto do
Moz; Mauaos; Fouteboa; Lake Jose Assu; Gurupa; Silva, Lake
Saraca; Xiugu; Tonautius; Hyavary.

§ ?

25. Loricaria brunnea Hancock.

§ Pseudoliemiodon,

26. Loricaria platycephala Kuer.

§ Parahemiodon.

27. Loricaria Uracantha Kner & Steindacbner.

28. Loricaria Stubelii Steindacbner.

Localities: Sautarem; Hyavary; Teflfe; Eio Preto; Rio Puty.

29. Loricaria Spixii Steindacbner.

Locabties: Santa Cruz, Rio Guenda; Sambaia; Mendez; Campos;
Muriabe; Sao Matbeos.

30. Loricaria typus (Bleeker).

Loricaria hemiodon Giintber.

31. Loricaria phoxocephala sp uov.

Types, No. 8030; two specimens .H-.lSm.to base of caudaL Coary.
L. Agassiz.

This species can readily be distinguished by its pointed
snout and by the bars on its head.

38 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Head long, pointed, the snout acute; depth of the head
1| in its width; occipital with scarcely evident keels; inter-
orbital convex; anterior profile concave; tip of snout naked.
A narrow orbital notch. Eye 3| in snout, 7 in head, 1| in
the interorbital.

Lower surface of the head naked; teeth numerous and
well developed in both jaws; thoracic plates small, the an-
terior margin of the mailed ventral region truncate, in a
line with tiie gill-openings. Five longitudinal series of
ventral plates; anal plate and the plates anterior to it as in
L. leffeana; nuchal plates obscurely bicarinate; lateral keels
becoming more or less entirely coalesced on the 15th
plate.

Distance of dorsal fin from tip of snout 3J-3| in the
length; first dorsal ray higher than length of head; outer-
most caudal rays produced; anal fin higher than ventrals or
pectorals.

Light brown with six broad cross-bands, the first on tlie
nape, the second under origin of dorsal fin; a dark band
forward from eye, a narrower one down from eye; head and
anterior half of body with black pores; dorsal slightly
dusk}^ obscurely spotted, its base with a few spots; base of
caudal and a band parallel to its margin dark brown; anal
and ventrals light; pectoral like the dorsal.

Head4J-5; lat. 1. 29.

32. Loricaria anus Valenciennes.

Locality: Kio Grande do Sul.

§ LoricariicJithys.

33. Loricaria acuta Cuv. & Val.

L. ca^tanea Castelnau; ? L. maculaia Giintber.

Localities: Villa Bella; Lake Hyanuary; Cndajas; Mauaos, on the Eio
Negro; Xingu Cascade; Lago Alexu; Obidos; Coary; Teffe'.

34. Loricaria maculata Bioch.

L. amazonica Castelnau; PL caiaphracta Gronow.

Localities: Coary; Santarem; Iga; Hyavary; Obidos; Teflte; Jutaby.

SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATHI. 39

35. Loricaria konopickyi Steindaclmer.

L. viaculata Val.; L. vaUnciennesi Vaillant.

36. Loricaria lanceolata GUntber.

37. Loricaria teffeana Steindacbner.

Localities: Cudajas; Touautins; Teffe; Jutahy; Lago Alexo; Taba-
tinga.

IV. Harttia Steindacbner.

38. Harttia loricariformis Steindacbner.

Localities: Rio Parabyba; Itabapuana; Muriabe.

Y. OxYEOPSis gen. no v.

Type, Oxyrojysis wrightiana sp. no v.

This genus diflfers from Harttia as Hypoptopoma differs
from Otocinclus.

The head is depressed, the eyes marginal, the orbit in-
fringing slightly on the lower surface of the head. Tail de-
pressed. A lateral keel. Belly covered with granular
plates. Adipose fin none.

39. Oxyropsis wrightiana sp. no v.

Type, No. 8055; one specimen, .037 m. to base of caudal. Lake-
Hyanuary. L. Agassiz.

Depressed, elongate, the depth about 2 in the width.
Head depressed, the snout rounded; occipital margined by
two nuchal plates; interorbital convex; nares above the an-
terior margin of the orbit. Surface of the head and all the
scutes with longitudinal series of small spines; no keels on
the head. Lower surface of the head as in Hypoptopoma.

Eye 2 J in the snout, 5^ in the head, 2| in the interorbi-
tal.

Teeth well developed; lower lip convex, papillose.

Anal groove bounded laterally and posteriorly by a horse-
shoe-shaped plate, anteriorly by the large shield-shaped
anal plate. Belly with three series of plates which are sep-
arated anteriorly; thorax with two pairs of large plates.
Four series of plates cover the entire body. The lateral

40 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

series of plates lias a median keel which is strongest above
tip of anaL

Distance of dorsal lin from tip of snout about 2f in the
length; first dorsal ray as high as tlie space between base
of pectoral and tip of snout. Caudal fin broken.

Anal fin as high as length of snout plus the eye. Vent-
rals short, not reaching the anal. Pectorals extending be-
yond middle of ventrals, little lower than the first dorsal
ray; the spine strongly spiny on its outer margin, almost
smooth on its inner margin.

Back marbled; sides with numerous minute dark dots;
dorsal rays spotted with dark; middle caudal rajs blackish;
anal, and inner surfaces of ventrals and pectorals spotted
like the dorsal fin.

D. I, 7; A. 0; V. I, 5; P. 1, 5; lat. 1. 20.

We have dedicated this species to Professor R. Ramsey
Wright of Toronto, who has contributed more than any one
else to the knowledge of the anaiomy of the American Nem-
atognathi.

YI. Hypoptopoma Giinther.

40. Hypoptopoma thoracatum Giinther.

H. hilohatum Cope. Otocinclus joherti Vaillaut.

Localities: Teffe; Obidos; Mauacapmu; I(^a; ? Rio Negro.

41. Hypoptopoma gulare Cope.

42. Hypoptopoma carinatum Steindacbner.

VII. HisoNOTUS gen. nov.

Type, Hisonoiiis notatus, sp. uov.

Belly with large plates; eyes superior; humeral plate im-
perforate.

§ Hisonotus.

Adipose fin none.

SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATHI. 41

43. Hisonotus notatus sp. nov.

? Otocinclus macuUcauda Steiudachuer, in part.

Types, No. 7764; iiiuety-five specimen^-, the largest .04 m. long. Santa

Cruz. Dom Pedro II.
No. 8177; one s;)ecimen .0i3 ni. Juiz de Fora. Thayer expedition.

Body somewhat depressed anteriorly, wider tlian deep.
Head narrow and comparatively liigli; occipital ending in
a triangular process which is bordered by a single nuchal
plate; profile rather steep and slightly convex; all the plates
of the head strongly hispid; a series of rather large re-
curved spines margining the granular portion of the snout
below. Orbit 3J in the snout, 7 in the head, 3 in the inter-
orbital.

Ventral surface with about 3 series of irregular plates.
Lateral plates strongly hispid, the marginal spines scarcely
enlarged.

Distance of dorsal fin from tip of snout little more than 2
in the length; margin of dorsal fin convex. Caudal emar-
ginate.

Pectoral spine not reaching middle of ventrals, its outer
margin spiny.

Light brown; caudal with a large median blackish spot
which extends to the tip of the middle caudal rays, outer
caudal rays yellow.

Head 3; D. I, 7; A. I, 5; Y. I, 5; P. I, 6: kit. 1. 25.

Parot(>cmclus subgen. nov.
Adipose fin present.

44. Hisonotus maculicauda (Steindachner).

Locality: Santa Cruz.

VIII. Otocinclus Cope.

45. Otocinclus affinis Steindachner.

Locality: Santa Cruz,

46. Otocinclus vestitus Cope.

42 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

IX. MiCROLEPIDOGASTER geil. IIOV.
Type, M. perforatiis, sp. no v.

Ventral surface covered with minute granular plates;
dorsal fin inserted far posterior to the ventrals; temporal
plate perforate.

47. Microlepidogaster perforatus sp. uov.

Type, No. 8182; one specimen .032 ni, to base of caudal.
Localities: Eio Carandaby, Brazil.

Broad and depressed anteriorly, the depth less than the
width. Head broad, depressed, its depth little more than
two in its length to the end of temporal plate; its width IJ
in its length. Snout narrow, pointed; loreal region con-
cave. Eye 4 in snout, 8.^ in head; interorbital concave,
equal to the post-orbital portion of the head.

All of the plates hispid, most so on the tail, not keeled.
Lat. 1. 27.

X. Neoplecostomus Eigenm & Eigenm.

This subgenus proposed by us (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
2d Ser., Vol. I, p. 171; 1888) may be raised to generic rank.

Tail comparatively long, terete; adipose fin far removed
from the dorsal fin; belly with a median, sub-circular patch
of granules.

A. 6-8.

48. NeopleCOStomus microps (Steindachuer).

Localities: Juiz de Fora; Goyaz,

49. Neoplecostomus granosus (Cuv. &Val.)

XL Khinelepis Spix.

50. Rhinelepis parahybae Sieindaclmer.

Locality: Eio Parabyba, at Barra do Piraby.

51. Rhinelepis agassizii Steiudachner.

52. Rhinelepis aspera Spix.

? R. slrigosa Cuv. & Val.

53. Rhinelepis lophophanes sp. nov.

Type. No. 8164; one specimen .018 m. to base of caudal.
Localities: Santa Cruz, Brazil. Dom Pedro II.

SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATHI. 43

Greatest depth equal to the greatest width. Occipital
with three strong spiniferous ridges, a short median one
and two longer lateral ones; similar crests extending from
posterior margin of orbit to edge of temporal plate. Nasal
pits margined bj spiniferous ridges. Lower surface of
head naked, margined by a series of recurved spines. Cor-
acoid and scapula granular; belly with a small, granular
plate between posterior margins of ventrals; a larger plate
behind the pectoral. Lateral and dorsal plates keeled.

D. I, 7; A. 6; Lat. 1. 22.

XII. Hemiancistrus Bleeker.^

Pseadacanthicus Bleeker; Chcetostomns Giinther.

We have been able to examine only two species of this
genus.

54. Hemiancistrus histrix (Cuv. .t Vai.).
bb. Hemiancistrus serratus (Guv. & Val.).

56. Hemiancistrus spinosus (Castelnau).

57. Hemiancistrus medians (Kner).

58. Hemiancistrus pictus (Kuer).

59. Hemiancistrus brachyurus (Kner).

60. Hemiancistrus itacua (Valen-ieuues).

61. Hemiancistrus scaphirhynchus (Kuer).

Localities: Hyauuary; Coaiy; Tefle; Hyavary.

62. Hemiancistrus mystacinus (Kuer).

63. Hemiancistrus oligospilus (Giinther).

64. Hemiancistrus schomburgkii (Giintiier),

65. Hemiancistrus guacharote (GuutUer).

66. Hemiancistrus trinitates (Giiutber).

Ana sir us guacharote Gill.

67. Hemiancistrus aspidolepis (Giiutber).

68. Hemiancistrus fordii (Giiutber).

'^Should Hypostomu'i pictus Casteluau, prove to be a valid species it must
be reuamed.

44 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

69. Hemiancistrus heteracanthus (Gunthei).

70. Hemiancistrus megacephalus (Guntber).

71. Hemiancistrus vittatus (Steiudachuer).

Localities: Kio Trombetas: Porto do Moz; Tajapuru; Obidos; Avary.

XIII. Parancistrus Bleeker.

72. Parancistrus punctatissimus Steiudachuer.

? Hypodomus niveaius Casteluau.
Locality: Porto do Moz.

73. Parancistrus aurantiacus (Casteinau).

74. Parancistrus nigricans (Casteinau).

XIV. CocHLiODON Heckel.

75. Cochliodon cochliodon (Kner).

C. hypodomus Heckel; Loricariu inelanoptei'a Natterer.

XV. Panaque gen. iiov.

Type: Chcetostomus nlgrollneatus FeierH,

Teeth enlarged, bowl-shaped at tip, few in each jaw. In-
teropercle with a bunch of erectile spines.

76. Panaque nigrolineatus (Peters).

Localitj': Goyaz.

77. Panaque cochliodon (sive gibbosus) (Steiudachuer).

78. Panaque dentex (GUuther).

XVI. Pterygoplichthys Gill.
Liposarcus Giinther.

79. Pterygoplichthys undecimalis (Steiudadmer).

80. Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus (Spix).

Hypostomus duodecimalis Cuv. & Val. H. hreviientaculatus Eauzaui;

Ancistrus lonfjimdnus Kner,
Locality: llio Sau Francisco below the falls.

81. Ptery^oplichthys gibbiceps (Kner).

Liposarcus altipinnis Giiuther; ? L. scrophus Cope.

Localities: Coary; Teffe; Porto do Moz; Lago Alexo; Cudajas; Lake

Hyanuary; Sautarem; Tabatinga; Lago do Maximo; Jutahy; Villa

Bella; Silva, Lake Saraca; Obidos.

SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATTTI. 45

82. Pterygoplichthys punctatus Natteier.

. Ancistrus duodecimalls Kner.
Locality: Cudajas,

83. Pterygoplichthys pardalis Casteiuau.

Liposarcus varius Cope.

Localities: Santarem; Cudajas; Kio Negro; Teffe; Jiitahy; Villa Bella;
Obidos; Tabatiuga.

84. Pterygoplichthys jeanesianus Cope.

85. Pterygoplichthys lituratus Kuer.

Localities: Rio Preto; Eio Puty; Sao Goiigallo; Xiugu Cascade.

XVII. PsEUDANCiSTRUS Bleeker.

86. Pseudancistrus barbatus (Cuv. & Val.).

87. Pseudancistrus guttatus (Cuv. & Val.).

88. Pseudancistrus depressus (Giiutber).

89. Pseudancistrus setosus (Boulenger).

90. Pseudancistrus wertheimeri Steiudachner.

Locality: Santa Clara, Rio Mucnri.

XVIII. Delturus gen. nov.

Type: Delturus j)urahyhcB sp. nov.

Dorsal fin adnate; lateral plates well developed; sides of
the head with short fine bristles which do not encroach on
the preopercle. Tail fiat below, trenchant above, a cross
section being A-shaped.

91. Delturus angulicauda Steiudachner.

Locality: Santa Clara, Rio Mucuri.

92. Delturus parahybse sp. nov.

Types, No. 772(;; two specim^ris .28 m. Parabyba. Tbayer expedi-
tion.

The differences between the two species of this genus ma}^
best be seen from the following key:

a. D. I, 9. Fins plain; lat. 1. 24. angulicauda.

aa. D. I, 10. Fins all spotted; lat. 1. 25-27. loamhyhce.

46 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

XIX. Hemifsilichthys gen. no v.
Xenomystus Liitken, preoc.

93. Hemipsilichthys gobio (Lutken.)

Locality: Tarahyba.

XX. AcANTHicus Spix.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

Hypostomus vicinus Castelnau.

94. Acanthicus hystrix Spix.

Bhhielepis acanlhicus Ciiv. & Val.
Locality: Para.

95. Acanthicus genibarbis (Cuv. & VaD.

XXI. CHiETOSTOMUS Kner.

96. Chgetostomus jelskii SteiDdachner.

97. Chgetostomus latifrons Giinther.

98. Chaetostomus macrops Liitken.

99. Cha3tostomus stannii Kroyer.

100. Chaetostomus taczanowskii Steiudacbner.

101. Chaetostomus tectirostris Cope.

102. Chaetostomus variolosus Cope.

103. Chaetostomus nudirostris Liitken.

104. Chaetostomus guairensis Steindachner.

105. Chaetostomus sericeus Cope.

106. Chaetostomus malacops Cope.

107. Chaetostomus branickii Steindachner.

108. Chaetostomus fisheri Steindachner.

109. Chaetostomus loborhynchus Tschudi.

110. Chaetostomus dermcrhynchus Boulenger.

111. Chaetostomus microps Giinther.

112. Chaetostomus nudiceps Mniier & Tro.chel.

113. Chaetostomus erinaceus Cuv. & Val.

114. Choetostomus bufonius Cnv. & Val.

115. Chaetostomus gymnorhynchus Kner.

SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATHI. 47

XXII. Ancistrus Kner.

116. Ancistrus chagresi sp. nov.*

Types, No, 8u26; two specimens (j^ & 9 •1-1--19 ^- Rio Chagres. Dr.
Maak.

*As all the species of this genus are very much alike the followiog key will
serve to describe the new forms.

a. Margin of the snout naked, provided with tentacles. The females with
a narrow naked margin and a single series of simple tentacles, or without
tentacles in calamila; males with a much broader naked area, a series of
simple marginal tentacles and a Y-shaped series on the middle of the
snout.

h. Lower caudal lobe not produced, scarcely if any longer than the upper;
margin of caudal obliquely truncate, a dusky spot at the base of the first
dorsal membrane. D. I, 7; A. 4 or 5; lat. 1. 2i.

c. Eye G-7% in the head; preopercular spines 11-15; median tentacles
of the male profusely branched; a small granular patch on the breast
below the base of the pectoral. chagresi 1.

cc. Eye 7-10 in the head; preopercular spines 25 or more; median ten-
tacles of the male flattened, mostly simple; breast entirely' naked;
head broad, depressed; dark brown, thickly' covered with light spots
which are smallest and most regular on the hccid; ventral surface
lighter; fins dark brown irregularly spotted with light. stig))iaticus 2.
bb. Lower caudal lobe produced, much longer than the upper; margin of
the caudal sub-truncate.
d. Head longer thau broad.

e. D. I, 7; dark brown, ventral surface lighter, everywhere with
small lighter spots very closely crowded and scarcely evident on
the dorsal surface; fins dusky, obscurely marbled; lat. 1. 23;
head 3. hoplogenys 3.

ee. D. I, 8 or 9, rarely I, 7, Dark brown, sometimes everywhere
with dark spots which occasionally have a white center; fins
dusky, the base of the dorsal obscurely spotted like the body.

temminkii 4.

dd. Head as broad as long. calamita 5.

hhh. Lower and upper caudal rays produced, the margin concave; 9-12

interopercular spines. D. I, 7, rarely I, 8 in cirrhosus; a dark spot on

base of first dorsal membrane.

/. Dark brown, everywhere with rather large, light spots; dorsal
dark brown with wavy, interrupted horizontal bands; other fins
spotted with lighter. Head 2%-3. cirrhosus 6.

ff. Dark brown, back with two darker cross-bands; head irregu-
larly marbled. cirrhosus dubius 6a.
f/f. Light or dark brown, everywhere covered with white dots
which are largest on the belly; fins colored like the body.

Uucostictus 7.

48 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

117. Ancistrus stigmaticus sp. nov.

Types, No. 8022; oue specimen, (J'' .11 m. Sao Matheos. Hartt &

Copeland.
No. , oue specimen, (j^ .19 m. Goyaz. Senlior Honoiio.

118. Ancistrus hoplogenys (Giinther).

Locality: Tajapuru.

119. Ancistrus temminkii (Cuv. &VaL).

A . doUchoiJierus Kner.

Localities: Cudajas; Giirupa; Lake Hyanuary; Teffe; Iga; Jutahy;
Serpa; Kio Madeira; Uerauduba; Tabatiuga; Eio Trombetas.

120. Ancistrus calamitus (Giinther).

121. Ancistrus cirrhosUS (Valenciennes).
Localities: Cudajas; Obidos.

121a. Ancistrus cirrhosus dubius var. nov.

Type, No. 7983; oue specimen, 9 -13 ni. Gurnpa. Prof. Agassiz.
No. 7983; five specimens, $ .06-. 10 m. Tabatinga. Bourget.
No. 7984; five specimenSj (j^ & 9 -07-. 13m. Tabatiuga. Bourget.

122. Ancistrus leucostictus (Giinther).

Chceiostoiinis aUja Cope.

Localities: Coary; Tabatiuga; Jutahy.

BUNOCEPHALID^.

I. BuNOCEPHALiCHTHYS Bleeker

1. Bunocephalichthys hypsiurus (Kner).

II. BuNOCEPHALUS Kner.

2. Bunocephalus knerii steindachuer.

Localities: Cudajas; Tabatiugn; Hyavary.

3. Bunocephalus aleuropsis Cope.

4. Bunocephalus melas Cope.

5. Bunocephalus bicolor Steindachuer.

Localities: Cudajas; Jutahy.

6. Bunocephalus sfronovii Bleeker.

7. Bunocephalus verrucosus (Bloch).

Locality: Serpa.

SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATHI. 49

8. Bunocephalus scabriceps sp. uov.

T3'pes, No. 7967; two specimens .04-. 043 in. Jutahy. James, Thayer
& Talisman,

This species may readily be recognized by its prominent
cephalic knobs.

Tail slender, tapering. Head and body deep, the depth
at base of occipital process scarcely less than the distance
from tip of snout to base of pectoral. Nuchal plate a thin
crest with two high knobs and a knob at its base; a trans-
verse crest at base of nuchal plate directed backward
externally; a low crest between the eyes, two crests extend-
ing backward from eyes, becoming approximated behind and
forming a lyre -shaped figure; each arm of the lyre with
three knobs; a crest extending forward from the eye, meet-
ing its fellow at the tip of the snout.

Interorbital width equals the snout plus the eye; eye
almost lateral.

Maxillary barbels reaching about to base of pectoral fins;
mental barbels not reaching post mentals; post mentals less
than interorbital width.

Teeth villiform in two narrow patches in each jaw.

Coracoid process converging backward, the margins of
the coracoid bone marked by prominent ridges, which with
the processes form a lyriform figure; the length of the pro-
cesses about equal to the space between them. Humeral
process extending to about the middle of the pectoral
spine.

Pectoral pore large, slit -like. Skin everywhere covered
with small warts.

Distance of dorsal fin from tip of snout 2^ in the length.
Pectoral spine reaching tip of coracoid process, both mar-
gins Avith strong hooks, strongest toward tip.

Back mottled with light and dark brown; belly more
uniform brown, marked with lighter.

A. 6 : Greatest width in front of the pectoral fin 3 in the
length.

2d See,, Vol. II. [4 ] Lssued August 18, 1889,

60 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

III. Dysichthys Cope.

9. Dysichthys coracoides Cope.

IV. Platystacus Blocli.

Aspredo Linnaeus; Cotylepliorus Swainson; AspredinlcJithys
Bleeker.

10. Platystacus cotylephorus Bloch.

Sllurus hexadactylus Lacepede; Aspredo sex-cirrhis Cuv. & Val.;

Aspredo spectrum Grouow.
Localities: Vigia; Para; Tajapuru.

11. Platystacus nematophorus Bleeker.

Aspredo nematophorus Gilntber.

12. Platystacus aspredo (Linn).

Platystacus Icevis Bloch; Aspredo hatrachus (Linnaeus).
Localities: Para; Arary.

13. Platystacus sicuephorus (Cuv. & Vai.)
14r Platystacus filamentosus (Cuv. & Val.)

15. Platystacus tibicen (Temminck).
Locality: Curuca, Rio Muria.

PYGIDIDvE. ^

I. Nematogenys Girarcl.

s

1. Nematogenys inermis (Guichenot).

N. nigricans tC- pallldus Pbilippi,
Localities: Curico; Santiago.

II. Pariolius Cope.

2. Pariolius armillatus Cope.

III. Pygidium Meyen.

TrichomycteriisYal.; Thrycomyderus Cuv. & Yal.; Thrico-
mycterus Girard.

*The genus Ceiojms, pLiced in the Doradince, belougs here. It possesses
the peculiar modifications of the anterior vertebne characteiizing this family.

SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATHI. 51

DOUBTFUL OR INSUFFICIENTLY CHARACTERIZED SPECIES OF
PYGIDIUM.

I. Pi/gidiiLm/uscHmMeyen; II, III and IV. Tricliomyc-
terns tigrinum, jjcdlens & marmovatas Philippi; V & YI.
Tricliomyderus tenuis and corduveiisis AVeyenbergh.

3. Pygidium macraei (Girard).

. Locality: Uspullatuo,

4. Pygidium maculatum (Cuv. & Val.)

Locality: Eio Mapocho, Chile,

5. Pygidium areolatum (Cuv. & Val.)

Locality: Eio Mapocho, Chile.

6. Pygdium rivulatum (Cuv. <fe Val.)

IVkhomyderus incce, gracilis, and harhatula Cuv. «fe Val.; Tr'ichomyc-
terus pictiis and pentlancU Castelnau; Trichomycterus d'lspar Giinther .
Localities: Cuzco; Moho & Pnno on Lake Titicaca.

7. Pygidium poeyanum Cope.

8. Pygidium brasiliensis (Keiuhardt).

.? Trichomycterus brasiliensis tristis Liitken.

Localities: Rio Parahyba; Mendez; Lagoa S;inta; Santa Cruz.

9. Pygidium taenia (Kner).

10. Pygidium laticeps (Kner).

11. Pygidium oroyae pp no V.

Types, No. 3955; eight specimens .115-. 14 m. Pochachara, Oroya
Piiver. Closely allied to P. brasiliensis.

Eather robust; head about as long as wide, none of the
barbels reaching gill -opening when laid straight back.
Gill membrane narrowly joined to the isthmus, without a
free margin.

Pectoral short, fan-shaped, the first ray not prolonged.
Dorsal inserted over the vent, its last ray over or behind
the middle of the anal; its origin equidistant from anterior
margin of eye or occiput and tip of caudal.

Caudal broadly rounded, its distance from the anal 4-4}
in the length.

62 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Origin of ventrals about equidistant from tip of caudal
and tip of snout.

Dark chocolate brown; sides, back and unpaired fins with
irregular groups of dark points.

Head 5|-6; depth 5J-7; D 12; A. 10.

12. Pygidium punctatissimum Casteluau.

13. Pygidium knerii Steindachner.

Localit}': Cumbaca.

14. Pygidium dispar Tsclmdi.

Locality: Callao, Peru.

14a. Pygidium dispar punctulatum Cuv. & Vai.

Locality: Rio Remac near Lima.

15. Pygidium pardum Cope.

16. Pygidium nigromaculatum Bouleuger.

17. Pygidium immaculatum sp. uov.

Types, No. 8300; 10 specimens .12-, 20 m. Juiz de Fora, Rio Parahy-
buna. Hallfeld.
8302; 1 specimen .15 m. Sao Matheos; Hartt & Copeland.
8307; 1 specimen .14 m. Juiz de Fora, Rio Parabyba.
8305; 1 specimen .14 m. Juiz de Fora, Rio Parabyba.
8266; 1 specimen .06 m. Goyaz. S^nbor Honorio.

Elongate, compressed backward; head greatly depressed,
the snout broad spatulate; width of head less than its
length. Eye comparatively large, equidistant from tip of
snout and tip of opercle. Barbels all rather short, the
nasals scarcely reaching occiput, mostly shorter; maxillaries
not to gill-opening. First pectoral ray prolonged in a fila-
ment. Dorsal truncate, its last ray in front of the anal, its
origin equidistant from nares and tip of caudal or slightly
nearer tip of caudal. Caudal broad, emarginate, the upper
lobe sometimes produced.

Brownish, lighter below; fins somewhat dusky; speci-
mens from Sao Matheos uniform blackish-brown.

Head 5i-5i (6-6^ in total). D. 11; A. 9.

18. Pygidium taCZanOWSkii (Steindacbuer).

SOUTH AMERICA.N NEMATOGNATHI. 53

19. Pygidium nigricans (Cuv. k Val.)

20. Pygidium amazonicum (Steiudaclmer).

ly. Eremophii.us Humboldt.
Thricomyvterus Humboldt; Trachypoma Giebel.

21. Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt.

Trachypoma marinoratum Giebel.

Y. Tridens gen. iiov.

Type, Tridens mdanops sp. uov,

Yeiitrals small, nearer tip of snout than to base of caudal.
Anal long, inserted in front of the dorsal fin. Head greatly
depres>ed, the eye infringing on its lower and upper sur-
faces. A series of fine labial teeth; stronger teeth on the
jaws. Gill membrane united, forming a broad free fold
across the isthmus. Opercle and preopercle armed. Max-
illary barbels 2,

22. Tridens melanops sp. nov.

Tj'pes, No. 8137; twenty- seven specimens, the largest .027 m. long.
Iga. James,

Body compressed, extremely slender. Head broad, tlie
snout rounded; mouth broad, inferior. Opercle long and
slender, terminating in tiiree spines, trident shaped. Pre-
opercle with similar but smaller spines. Barbels minute,
scarcely evident.

Distance of origin of dorsal fin from extremity of caudal
3 in the length; origin of anal fin from extremity of caudal
2^- in the length. Anal rays rapidly decreasing in height
backward, its last ray about over the last ray of the dorsal.
Caudal rounded, without accessory rays.

Yellowish, a series of black spots along the base of the
anal; posterior half of the caudal fin dusky.

Head 9; depth 13; D. 10-12; A. 20-25.

54 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

23. Tridens brevis sp. nov.

Type, No. 8160; one specimen .021 m. Tabatinga. Bourget.

Body short and deep. Head as broad as long. Mouth
broad, inferior. Opercle with a bunch of six or more
spines. Barbels well developed, the outer one extending to
the base of the pectoral, the inner to the gill-opening. Eye
large, nearer end of opercle than tip of snout.

Distance of dorsal fin from tip of caudal little more than
2 in the length.

Anal inserted very little in front of the dorsal and extend-
ing some distance beyond it, its rays decreasing in height
toward the caudal. First pectoral ray greatly produced.
Caudal emarginate.

Yellowish; blackish dots along the bases of the fins; a
series of blackish dots along the middle line of the sides,
similar spots on the back. Head with brown dots.

Head 6; depth 8; D. 9; A. 22.

VI. PSEUDOSTEGOPHILUS gen. nov.
Type, Stegopldlus nemurus Giinther.

Caudal widely forked. Mouth inferior, each jaw with
series of fine teeth, upper lip with several series of fine
movable teeth. No teeth on the vomer. Maxillary barbel
single; gill membrane confluent with the skin of the isth-
mus. Opercle and preopercle armed.

24. Pseudostegophilus nemurus (Giintber).

Locality: ? Moranou or Ucayale.

VII. Stegophilus Eeinhardt.

25. Stegophilus maculatus Steindachuer.

26. stegophilus punctatUS Boulenger.

27. stegophilus intermedius sp. nov.

Type, No. 9842; one specimen .08 m. Goyaz. Senhor Honorio.

Elongate, compressed behind, depressed forward; head

SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATHI. 55

somewhat longer than broad; snout pointed. Eye large,
1 in snout, 3i in head. Mouth large, upper lip witli two
series of teeth; intermaxillaries and mandible with four
series of depressible teeth, those of the inner series enlarged
at the tip. Lower lip not dilated, barbel shorter than the
eye.

Opercle with two spines; preopercle with 5 or 6 claw-like
spines.

Origin of dorsal about equidistant from tip of caudal and
occiput; caudal emarginate; anal placed entirely behind
the dorsal; origin of ventrals equidistant from bases of cau-
dal and pectoral.

Light brown; entire upper surface with rather large
dark brown spots; a series of larger dark spots along the
middle line of the sides, the spots largest and most con-
spicuous on the tail; caudal with a few faint dark spots.

Head5i; D. 9; A. 7.

28. Stegophilus macrops Steiudacbner.

29. Stegophilus insidioSUS Keinbardt.

30. Stegophilus reinhardti Steiudacbner.

VIII. Vandellia Cuy. & Val.

31. Vandellia cirrhosa Cur. & Val.

Locality: Hyavary.

32. Vandellia plazaiiCastelnaii.

Locality: Lake Hyanuaiy.

IX. Pareiodon Kner.
Centro'pliorus Kner; Astemomyderus Guichenot.

33. Pareiodon microps Kuer.

Astimomyderus pusillus Guicbenot.

X. MiuROGLANis gen. nov.

Type, Miuroglards platycephalus sp. nov.

Gill membrane broadly united with the isthmus, without

56 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

a free margin. Maxillary barbels two; mouth inferior.
Each jaw with several series of strong teeth. Opercle and
preopercle with numerous strong spines. Caudal rounded.

34. Miuroglanis platycephalus sp. nov.

Type, No. 8172; oue specimen .017 m. Jutaby. James, Thayer &
Talisman.

Body short, compressed and rather deep. Head greatly
depressed, wider than long. Eye large, lateral, placed
behind the angle of the mouth.

Mouth sub-inferior, the upper jaw projecting slightly.

Upper maxillary barbel scarcely extending to the gill
opening; no nasal or mental barbels.

Opercular and preopercular patches of spines united.

Origin of the dorsal little behind that of the anal; its
distance from the tip of the snout somewhat less than twice
its distance from the tip of the caudal.

Head 51; D. 10; A. 15.

SUMMARY.

S]iecies. Varieties.

Silurida3 232 13

Argiida? 7

CailichthyidcB 25

Loricariidse 150 3

Bunocephalida; 15

Pygididse 34 1

Total 463 17

SMALL THRUSHES OF CALIFORNIA. 57

THE SMALL THRUSHES OF CALIFORNIA.

BY L. BELDING.

There has been much confusion concerning the small
thrushes that occur in California, arising mainly, I be-
lieve, from the neglect of observers to verify their observa-
tions by securing specimens. Hoping to induce the orni-
thologists of California to give much closer attention to the
four or more small thrushes that are found here, I have
taken the libertj^ to present herein a portion of the data
which came into my possession while superintending the
collection of information concerning the migration aod
distribution of birds in the "Pacific District,"' and have
quoted, sparingly, from several authors, such matter as I
thought appropriate.

I, am indebted to my young friend, Walter E. Bryant, for
overseeing the publication of this paper. All measure-
ments are in inches or parts thereof, and the nomenclature
of the American Ornitholgists' Union has been followed.

1. Turdus ustulatus (Nutt.)

Russet-backed Thrush. — This is the one best known by
our collectors, as it is less shy, and is perhaps the only one
of these thrushes that breeds in the cultivated parts of
the State, to which it appears to be mostly restricted. My
observations at San Diego incline me to believe that it does
not arrive in California from the south much before the
first of May, although it is at least iDOssible that individuals
may arrive in the interior of the State from the Colorado
and Mojave Deserts by way of i;he Tehachapi Pass and other
interior routes much sooner than along the cool sea coast,
as is undoubtedly the case with other species. It leaves
central California about the first of September. Dr. Cooper
(Proc. Nat. Mus. , 1879, p. 249) says: ''It left Haywards
September 20, 1875." It has been collected as far south as

2d Ser.. Vol. 11. [ o ] October 1, 1889. '

58 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Central America in winter, as far north as Alaska in sum-
mer. It appears to be very rare east of the Sierra Nevada
Mountains. It winters entirely south of California, al-
though niather Xantus nor myself found it in the Cape St.
Lucas region. Colonel Grayson found it abundant on Tres
Marias Islands, in January. Mr. E. W. Nelson (Keport
upon the Natural History Collections made in Alaska, 1877-
1881, p. 217) says: " At present it is known only from the
soutiieastern coast x3ortion of Alaska." Mr. John Fannin,
of Burrard's Inlet, British Columbia, says: " It is an abun-
dant summer resident." Dr. J. G. Cooper (Nat. Hist. Wash.
Ter., 1860, p. 256) says: " This is one of the most common
summer residents in the wooded parts of the Territory, ar-
riving in May, and remaining until the beginning of Septem-
ber." Dr. Suckley, in the same volume, says it was "Quite
abundant west of the Cascade Mountains." Prof. O. B.
Johnson (Am. Nat., July, 1880, p. 486) says it is " Very
common during the breeding season" in the Willamette
Valley, Oregon. The only record of its occurrence east of
the Sierra Nevada Mountains, as far as I can learn, is Mr.
Ridg way's record in his report on the Ornithology of the
Fortieth Parallel, p. 396, he having collected a specimen
in the Trnckee Meadows near the eastern base of the Sierra
Nevada. Probably few breed as far south as northern
Lower California, although the species was very common
between Campo and San Diego, May 16, 1884, and quite as
common south of Campo, in the mountains, to near Han-
sen's, as late as May 14 of the same year. I saw but few
between San Diego and San Pedro Mountain, near the Gulf
of California, in May, 1885. I first saw the species at San
Diego in the spring of 1885, on May 3, when I shot both
sexes in pepper trees, Schinus Molle, in the streets.

The following are mostly from migration notes of 1884
and 1885:

San Diego. April 25, 1862, April 20, 1875, arrived.
Dr. J. G. Cooper, Proc. Nat. Mus., 1879, p. 245.

SMALL TllllUSllliS OF CALIFORNL\. 69

Poway, San Diego County. May 1, 1885, first seen, one
individual; May 2, two seen; is common and breeds here.
F. E. Blaisdell.

Foot of Volcan Mountains. April 2, 1884, two seen.
W. O. Emerson.

San Bernardino. A somewhat common summer resident
of the valley. F. Stephens.

Santa Cruz. Common; nesting about May 15; eggs from
three to four, the latter number the most I have found in
any one of about one hundred and fifty nests. Joseph Skirm.

San Jose. April 25, 1881, four seen for the first time.
A. L. Parkhurst.

Hay wards April 12, 1885, first seen; common April 18.
W. O. Emerson.

Berkeley. First seen April 23, 18S5, one bird; next seen
April 25; common on April 27; began to sing May 2; breeds
here. T. S. Palmer.

Olema. May 7, 1884, first seen. A. M. Ingersoll.

Nicasio. April 23, first seen. Clias. A. Allen.

Chico. May 7, 1884, first seen. May 1, 1885, first seen;
became common from the first to the sixth of this month.
"William Proud.

Sebastopol. April 27, 1885, first seen; next seen April
29; common April 30; breeds here. F. H. Holmes.

Fort Klamath, Oregon. Dr. J. C. Merrill, Auk, October,
1888, p. 365, says: "It arrived at Fort Klamath, Oregon,
about May 20, a few nesting about the Fort and in suitable
situations in the mountains near the Fort."

Fort Walla Walla, W. T. May 20, 1885, first seen, four
birds; next seen June 2; by -June 10 it was common. It is
somewhat common here in breeding time. Dr. J. W. Wil-
liams, U. S. A.

Mr. Nelson, in Proc. Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., Vol. XVII,
p. 355, mentions having seen it at or near Nevada City, Cal.,
as late as November — an error, I am sure, the November
birds having been probably the dwarf thrush, which I think

60 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

is the only form of the small thrushes that is found in cen-
tral California as late as November.

The eggs of T. ustidattis are pale bluish-green, and always
spotted, I believe, in this latter feature differing from the
ej^jgs of T. aonalasclikcv and T. a. aiidtihoid. The song of
T. nstalatus was well described by Nuttall as resembling
"irdt-2vif, f villia-f villia'\ Prof. O. B. Johnson, in "Birds
of the AVillamette Valley," published in the American Nat-
uralist, July, 1880, p. 486, says: "The alarm note is a
short whistle ' whoet,' identical with that of a person attract-
ing the attention of a dog; the call-note is a tremulous
' lohaat-r-r-r ' in the same key as the alarm note, only ending
in a trill." He describes the song as "A peculiar whistle,
ascending a scale of four notes, and sounds like holsey —
govendy — govindy — goveendy.'' Dr. Suckley says : "Its voice
is a low, soft, sad, lonely whistle, generally confined to one
note about three seconds in length," from which I infer that
he did not hear the full song of T. tistidatus. Most authors
describe its notes in such general, indefinite terms as to be
useless for purposes of identification. The notes on this
species, T. stvainsonii and T. '' nanus ^' in Ornithology of
California are very misleading. (See Dr. Cooper's correct-
ions in these Proceedings, Vol. 6, 1875, pp. 190-192.)

2. Turdus ustulatus swainsonii (Cab.)

Olive-backed Thrush. — Habitat, Eastern North America
and westward to the Upper Columbia Biver and East Hum-
boldt Mountains, straggling to the Pacific Coast. Breeds
mostly north of the United States. (Check List of the
American Ornithologists' Union.)

In 1885 or 1886 I enquired of Prof. Ridgway if he knew
that this thrush had been collected in California, to which
he replied — "We have in the Smithsonian Collection but
one specimen so labelled, and this I find, after a careful ex-
amination, is T. tistidatus in somewhat Avorn and faded
plumage." In the summer of 1888 I collected three speci-

SMALL TITRUSIIES OF CALIFORNIA.

61

mens in the mountains of Calaveras County, and these were
compared witli skins of T. n. swai)isonii in the Smithsonian,
and identified as typical T. v. sfrai}iso)}ii by Dr. A. K.
Fisher. Prof. Ridgway also thinks them T. u. sioainsomi ,
and my specimens collected in Calaveras and Tuolumne
Counties in May and June, 1889, fully confirm the opinions
of these gentlemen, as I find no difference between them
and types of T. ti. sunnvsonii from the Atlantic Coast, which
were kindl}^ selected and sent me by Prof. Eidgway and Mr.
Brewster. I have a specimen I shot in Sierra Valley, Cali-
fornia, on the east slope of the Sierra, June 20, 1885, which
I think belongs liere. I think this form is common in
the Sierra Nevada mountains of California in summer, as
I have heard its song in Tuolumne, Calaveras, Placer, Butte
and Sierra Counties — a song which resembles the song of
T. vsfulatiis, but lacks its power, sweetness, and ringing-
tones. The call and alarm notes of both forms are, how-
ever, almost identical.

The note of alarm of tlie California T. ?/. sivainsonii is a
short, soft, musical whistle, wliich may be .represeuted by
the word " ichoety The call is also a whistling note, higher
than the note of alarm, lasts two or three seconds and is
suggestive of the peep of our small hog Hyla regiUa . It
has an enquiring expression. I think it louder than the
call of T. itstidatus.

Examples of songs of Swainson's Thrash, which I copied
as uttered in Calaveras County, California:

All of the notes excepting the one or two introductory
ones of the soncs are confluent or slurred.

62 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Those 1 collected in Calaveras County, at altitudes
varying from four tlioasand to five tliousaiid feet, were
in dense, damp forests, but I have also found colonies
ill willow thickets in grassy mountain meadows as at
Bear Valley near Emigrant Gap and Siena Valley, at both
of which places I got poor specinjens.

According to Mr John Fannin, of Burrard's Inlet, B. C, it
is jin abundant summer resident of that region, arriving May
1, 1884, and May 12, 1885, but was not common in the latter
A ear until May 27. Mr. Nelson (Eeport upon the Natural
History Collections made in Alaska, p. 218,) says: "It breeds
on the Upper Yukon Biver." Prof. Bidgway says, in his
report on the Ornithology of the Fortieth Parallel, ]). 397,
that not a single individual of the smaller thrushes was
met with after leaving the Sierra Nevada until arriving at
the East Humboldt Mountains, where the olive-backed
thrush was encountered in considerable numbers during the
season of their southward migration.

According to Baird, Brewer and Bidgway, the eggs ex-
hibit noticeable variations in size, shape, and shades of
coloring, bearing some resemblance to those of T. usfalatus.
Mr. Nelson says the eggs of T. n. swcdnsonii and T. alicice
are absolutely indistinguishable, both in shape and size, as
also are the nests, according to his observations — and that
both breed together on the Yukon Biver in Alaska, T. (dicice
being the more numerous on the Lower Yukon. As the
moutli of the Yukon Biver is nearly as far west of San Fran-
cisco as San Francisco is west of New York, it seems strange
that the individuals of T. alicice which spend the summer
in Alaska do not follow the Pacific Coast in their southern
migrations and pass through California. This remark will
apply to other land birds which spend the summer in Alaska
and other parts of the northwest coast and winter entirely
in the Tropics. The physical features of the coast probably
determine the line of flight.

SMALL THRUSHES OF CALIFORNIA. 63

3. Tardus aonalaschkse Cimel.

DwAiiF Hermit Thursh. — Habitat, Pacific coast region,
from Alaska to Lower California, e;ist, during migrations,
to Nevada and Arizona. Breeds from California north-
ward. (A. O. U.)

It is common in winter in this State below the snow belt
and I have seen it as high as Big Trees in January, nearly
five thousand feet above sea level. It is common in the
mountains of southern Lower California in winter. Accord-
ing to Mr. Nelson (Report upon the Natural Flistory Col-
lections made in Alaska, 1887,) there are no records of its
occurrence in Alaska much north of Sitka, where it appears
to be confined to the mild climate of the timbered coast.
Mr. Fannin, of Burrard's Inlet, says: '* It is a rare summer
resident." It may breed in California, but I doubt if there
is any proof that it does so, although I thought differently
until recently. I supposed I had found it breeding in Cala-
veras County, but a careful examination of several skins I
collected there in summer, satisfies me that they are the Big
Tree thrush, as explained elsewhere in this paper. Cap-
tain Bendire found a nest at Camp Harney, Southeastern
Oregon, June '28. It was on the ground and contained
three young and an addled egg, the latter pale green in color,
probably paler than usual. Unfertile eggs are often paler
and smaller than the average. Dr. Heermann, in Pacific
Kailroad Eeports, Yol. X, refers to the breeding of this
species in the sandhills about San Francisco, but does not
mention T. iistidaius, although he collected about three
years in this State. The species I saw at Stockton, June
8 (Proceedings National Museum, 1879), was, like Dr. Heer-
man's, probably T. ustulatus. On that day I found a colony
of small thrushes in a large willow thicket along the Cala-
veras River, but could not get a specimen. I saw them in
the middle of the day when they were not singing. AVithout
specimens, observations on the small thrushes have but little
or no value. Dr. J. G. Cooper (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1875,

64 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

p. 190) says: " The notes given by me in ttie lower five lines
of this page (Ornith. Cal., p. 4) belong properly to the next
species [T. ustulatas], as it is scarcely probable that any of
this [species] remain ia the lower country of California, or
even in the mountains in summer, unless above an elevation
of 8,000 feet, as does its Rocky Mountain representative,
var. auduhoni (Baird). The song of that, and of the east-
ern race, var. pallasii Cab., being described as resembling
that of the wood thrush (T. musteUnns), with which I am
familiar. I am sure that I never heard it in the Sierra Ne-
vada up to 8,000 feet altitude, nor in the forests of Wash-
ington Territory, and that of var. nanus cannot be very dif-
ferent. It is the winter thrush of California, common from
September to May." ''I was misled in giving T. nanus as
the common summer thrush of California, both by its having
been given by all previous authors as the only small brown
thrush found in the State (ustulatus being limited to the
north)," etc. I have not seen the species at nor south of
San Diego later than April 8; this was at San Diego in
the very wet, backward spring of 1884. Mr. Blaisdell saw
it at Poway as late as April 12, 1885. My latest Stockton
record is April 25, 1879, when snow was low down in the
mountains. Mr. Proud last saw it at Chico April 28, 1884.
Dr. J. C. Merrill (Auk, Oct., 1888, p. 365), took a female at
Fort Klamath April 29, but did not again see the species
until May 11, when after a few days of cold weather it' was
abundant. Mr. A. W. Anthony first saw it in the spring of
1885, at Beaverton, Oregon, on April 18. Dr. Williams
noted its arrival at Fort Walla Walla April 27, 1885, and
that it was common by May 15. Young were seen June 30.
Observations bearing on its southward migration are the
following: Mr. Henshaw (Report Wheeler's Survey, 1879),
says: "By the last of August it was found numerous
along the foothills of the Cascade Range of Oregon "
(east slope). I have noticed its arrival at the summit of
the Sierra Nevada, lat. 39° 20' N., September 22, in 1878,
September 25, 1885, and have seen a few in the Sacra-

SMALL THRUSHES OF CALIFORNIA. 65

mento Valley, in about the same latitude, by October first,
but the species is not usually numerous in the valley until
about a month later. Mr. Henshaw (Report AVheeler's
Survey, 1876), says none were seen on Mount Whitney
until the last of September. The migration was at its
height from the fifth to the fifteenth of October.

Mr. Blaisdell first noticed this species at Poway on Oc-
tober 25, 1885. Dr. Cooper (Proc. Nat. Mus., 1879, p. 245)
first saw it on Santa Catalina Island, October 30, 1861.
Perhaps I should give full credence to Mr. C. II. Town-
send's Mt. Shasta record (Proc. Nat. Mus., 1887, p. 231),
although he did not get the individual seen July 25, 1883.
Mr. Brewster (Auk, Oct., 1888, p. 365) says Dr. Merrill's
Fort Klamath specimens were " Quite as gray as in average
Colorado specimens of audahoni.'" The wing of the female
measured 3.23; those of the three males 3.50, 3.55, 3.55,
being much smaller than my Calaveras County specimens of
T. seqiioiensis. I do not know that I have ever heard the song
of the dwarf thrush. The name of the dwarf thrush, nanus,
is very appropriate for this form. Mr. Nelson (Alaska Ke-
port, 1877-1881, p. 218) says: "Since the Unalaska thrush
was described, not a single specimen of any species of
Hylociclila has been found on this island by the various
naturalists who have visited its shores, a fact of itself cal-
culated to raise suspicion as to the correctness of the iden-
tification of Gmelin's name." Stability of ornithological
nomenclature is very desirable, but if there is the least
shadow of a doubt concerning the applicability of Gmelin's
harsh aoonalascensis to this thrush, the bird, the reader and
Avriter should have the benefit of the doubt, and nanus,
guttatus, minor, or almost any name should be substituted
for it. Dr. Cooper recently wrote me: ' ' I heard some years
ago from Mr. W. A. Cooper that the dwarf thrush had been
found breeding in the redwoods of Santa Cruz County. It
may be your form or some other." Dr. Cooper thinks the
Santa Cruz bird should be investigated, to which I cordially
assent.

60 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

4. Tardus aonalaschkae auduboni (Bcaird).

Audubon's Hermit Thrush. — According to Ridgway's
Manual of North American Birds, its habitat is the "Eocky
Mountains, from northern borders of United States south
to highhmds of Mexico and Guatemala." Mr. Henshaw, in
Report Wheeler's Survey, 1879, says: '"During the past sum-
mer the important fact was ascertained that this form of the
hermit thrush, instead of being strictly limited to the Rocky
Mountains -^ -^ -- -^^ breeds along the eastern slope of the
Sierras. During the summer of 1877, I lieard in several
of the sub-alpine valleys of Northeastern California, what
were without doubt Audubon's thrushes, but failed to
secure specimens. Here they were evidently not very nu-
merous; but in the mountains back of Camp Bid well the
succeeding season, the same thrush w^as -^ -^ -^ ^ identified
by shooting the bird. They were here very abundant, and
at this date, July 19, the pine woods were filled by the
sweet music of the males."

In 1884, Mr. F. Stephens informed me that it had been
found, breeding in the San Bernardino Mountains, but
afterward said it might be the dwarf tlirush, as he failed to
get the parent of the eggs he found there — he had w^ounded
and could not find her. He further said: ''On look-
ing over my skins, I find one w^hich is Audubon's, that I
shot near Campo, San Diego County, and one which is vevf/
nearly intermediate between the dwarf thrush and Anduhon's
thrush.'' Col. N. S.Goss reported, for the Notes on Migra-
tion for the Pacific District, that he had found Audu-
bon's thrush at Julian, San Diego County, altitude, 4,000
feet, on March 17, 1884. I made observations at Teha-
chapi Pass and in the adjacent mountains from March 27,
1889, to April 12, but was not able to find a single small
thrush, Avhicli was the chief object of my visit, though I
ascertained that many species enter the San Joaquin Valley
from the Mojave Desert by that route, at an early date,
without much regard to the temperature in the Pass, appar-
ently knowing that a milder climate would soon be reached

SMALL THRL STIES OF CALIFORNIA. 67

5. Turdus sequoiensis Bei(Vn)<,'.

Big Tree Thrush. — I should have added to the descrip-
tion of this bird, published in these Proceedings, June 11,
1889, that its iris is bluish-browu, its mouth and most of
the mandible are yellow, the tip of the latter brown.

The male shot by me June 10, 1888, at close range, as it
crossed a path when pursued by a small owl, was badly
mutilated. Its wing was 3.80; tail, 3.25: tarsus, 1.16. The
female shot June 25, 1883, is very pale and seems to be
in faded nesting plumage. The two type specimens are,
I think, in the best spring plumage, as tlie largest ovaries
of the female were no larger than No. 1 shot. The
small spots on the throat and breast appear to be a constant
feature of this form, which I am confident is entitled to
recognition, but it may prove to be a southern variety of
T. aonalaschkce, just as T. a. aiKhihoni may be a southern
variety of T. a. jycdlasii, though this is at variance with tlie
almost unvarying rule, that the more northern variety of a
species is the larger; or it may intergrade with T. a. cwdn-
doni, which has been reported from the Sierra Nevada of
California by three excellent observers, each of whom got,
I believe, but a single specimen, and Mr. Henshaw's July
specimen must have been too much faded for positive iden-
tification ; and possibly all three were identical with the
Big Tree thrush.

The latter inhabits dense thickets in deep forests and is
apt to be overlooked. Sometimes it wanders at a consid-
erable height through the foliage of the firs and other coni-
ferous trees, w^hen it is followed with much difficulty, even
if its brilliant song is often heard. I shot the female type
specimen while she was fluttering about seventy-five feet
from the ground at the ends of fir twigs and catching in-
sects in the manner of the warblers and tyrant flycatchers.

I spent most of Jul}' 1, 1881, in trying to find, with
the assistance of a young hunting dog, the nest of a pair of
these birds, w hicli I had good reason to believe w^as in a
certain hazel thicket. I failed to find the nest, probably

68 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

because I sought for it on the ground instead of in tlie
shrubbery. Later I found the same pair, as I supposed,
with their young within a few yards of this hazel thicket,
shot one of the juveniles in spotted plumage and sent it to
the Smithsonian Institute (No. 85,623 of that collection). I
saw both parents frequently during the month of July and
observed that they were gray or pallid. I was often within
a few yards of them, but heard no complaint or note of any
kind from them, nor am I certain that I have heard this
thrush utter a call note. On a solitary occasion a male that
was within a few yards of me expressed its displeasure at
my presence and gaze by giving several squalls which
resembled the complaining cries of Pipilo cJilorurus, after
which its two or more companions, that had been singing,
w^ere silent.

Its song was first heard in the spring of 1889, by J. Clar-
ence Sperry, on May 12. The wonderful song of this bird
I know to be much superior to the song of T. miistelinus, T.
fnficescens, T. iistulatus and T, u. swainsonii. I never shot
one of these sweet songsters without pangs of regret. While
the songs of one individual may differ from those of another,
the tone or voice of all is much alike and may be readily
distinguished from those of T. iistulatus and T. u. swainsonii.
The following examples, which I copied as they were ut-
tered, will give some idea of its songs, though it is impossi-
ble to represent them in all their wild beauty on paper.
Some songs had irregular intervals and could not be cop-
ied.

No. 1. _^

fl^^^pg^i^g^j

Slow.

In the third group of notes, the third and fourth notes
are in reality but one connected note, the latter portion of
which is, in a measure, an echo of the third.

SMALL THRUSHES OF CALIFORNIA.

69

No. 2.

:^ ^ jL

j> +- ^ -^

2

^ t: ±

2

^ -^ ;^

^«2- ' -N r -

""■^"'

- L- ^j- r :

r:-^-:

— .^ 1

I

In No. 2 the middle note lias nearly the effect of an ap-
poggiatura, the third note of the group being explosive and
ringing. '^ Peek-a-boo ! '' nearly represents the accent and
divisions of time of the usual song.

One individual had among its songs or groups of notes,
No. 3, which it frequently uttered.

No. 3.

No. 4.

g^tE^J

No. 4 was a powerful, ringing, wild burst of melody. One
song began too high for the voice of the minstrel, causing
it apparently a painful effort, which was not pleasing to the
ear, but its other notes were of the usual delicate quality.

NOTES BY WALTER E. BRYANT.

Mr. Belding has asked me to append any notes I may
have or obtain bearing upon the species treated in this
paper, with which object in view I have written to several
correspondents for items and visited the dense wooded
region south of Monterey, in search of small thrushes.
The results are here given.

70 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Tardus ushdatus. — The records of arrival and time of
nesting at Kaywards, furnished from the note book of Mr.
Emerson, are as follows:

Arrival. First set of eggs. Last set of eggs.

April 27, 1882. May 16, 1880. July 12, 1881.

April 2, 1883. May 12, 1881. July 3, 1882.

April 12, 1885. May 14, 1882. July 12, 1884.

April 9, 1886. May 11, 188:).

April 15, 1887. May 13, 1884.

April 18, 1889. May 19, 1885.

May 11, 1889.
The latest bird was seen on September 18, 1884.

Tardus aonalaschkce. —The arrivals of this species at Ha}^-
wards, as noted by Mr. Emerson, are:

Dec. 18, 1880; none were seen in 1881; Nov. 28, 1882;
Nov. 1, 1883; Dec. 25, 1884; Oct. 16, 1885; Dec. 20, 1886;
Oct. 8, 1887. In 1885 they remained as late as March 28.

I have seen them at Healdsburg, Oct. 5, 1888, and am
quite positive that I heard their single plaintive note among
madrone trees at Healdsburg, August 7, of this year.

Dr. J. G. Cooper has written to me that in the "Addi-
tions and Corrections to History of North American Birds"
(Vol. Ill, p. 499), the statement that he had sent skins of T
nanus {T. aonalaschkce) to the Smithsonian Institution is er-
roneous; he says: "I sent the birds as ustulatus swainsonil,
and they were from Saticoy, not Santa Cruz, wdience I sent
nests and eggs as of T, nanus (Vol. III., p. 20). I further
noted these points in Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Vol. VI, p. 190."

Tardus sequoiensis. — I have compared five examples (four
males) of the thrushes taken in Monterey County, July,
1889, with the types of Mr. Belding's new T sequoiensis, to
which tlie}^ are probably referable, although not typical.
They were collected in heavily wooded, deep caiions, and
were found by quietly tracing the bird's song or by calling
them with a screaking sound made with the lips. The notes
of the Monterey County birds Avere simply lonely, plaintive

SMALL TFIRLSIIES OF CALIFORXL\. 71

calls, and although iu the regi(3n for nearly a week I did not
hear them actually sing.

Tn the same locality I frequently heard the full song of
T. ustuhdns.

Near Canonville, Oregon, June 11, 1883, I shot a small
thrush in worn plumage, which appears to be T. seqiioiensis
(No. 1008, coll. of W. E. B.); the label is marked " nanmr
in the handwriting of an Eastern authority, the skin being
one of a small collection, which I carried East the following-
year, and at that time such specimens were sap]:>osed to be
faded examples of the dwarf hermit thrush.

Mr. W. W. Price has recently taken two birds in the San
Bernardino Mountains, which are by no means typical of
T. seqiioiensis, and seem to be intermediate between T.
seqiioiensis and T. aonalaschhe . In my opinion T. seqiioiensis
will be found to merge into T. aonalaschJice when sufficient
material is brought together, and consequently will stand
as Turdns aoncdaschJae seqiioiensis (Belding).

The Big Tree thrush appears to have no close relationship to
T. a. audiiboni, further than being one of the rufous tailed
group, to which belong T. aonalaschhe, T. aoualciscJikce aii-
diihoni, T. aonalascJikre pallasii and T. cionalascJihe seqiioi-
ensis.

Mr. E. C. McGregor has searched in the Santa Cruz
Mountains for T. a. seqiioiensis without success, but it un-
doubtedly occurs there and is the same that I collected in
Montery County and the one which Mr. W. A. Cooper re-
ported as " Breeding in the redwoods of Santa Cruz
County."

Mr. William Proud, of Chico,lias looked for the Big Tree
thrush near there, and in a letter to Mr. Belding writes: " I
heard the song of a thrush decidedly ditferent from H. iistii-
lataf' the song ' ' consisted of seven notes; the higher notes
had a guttural sound, similar to some of those of H.
ustidata.''

In a letter dated August 4, 1889, Mr. Belding writes that
he has " found a few of the Big Tree thrushes at the Sum-

72 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

mit [Placer County], and got a specimen July 22." The
bird Avas a male, faded and worn; it measured, length, 7.40;
extent, 12.10; wing, .3.80; tail, 3.10; tarsus, .15; bill from
nostril, nearly .40. It was about fifty feet high in a leafless
tree when shot. " This thrush," he further says, " is de-
cidedly arboreal, quite as much as Townsend's Solitaire,
and like it, goes from the ground well up into the large trees
at a sharp angle."

Mr. Belding has sent me three young birds of Tnrdiis
aonalasclikce seguoiensis, which he collected August 12 and
27 this year at Lake Tahoe, Cal. They are about full grown,
and quite as dark as adults of T. aonalasclikce. Dr. Cooper
has hinted that T. a sequoiensis may be but the summer
plumage of T. aonalaschkce, bleached out and otherwise
changed in the dark but dry woods of the interior; but
within a mile of the coast, in Monterey County, where
dense fogs prevailed, I found this year birds that were un-
like the winter j^lumage of T. aonalasclikce, and referable
only to T. a. sequoiensis, although not as pronounced as the
type specimens.

Young. (No. 356, coll. of Cal. Acad. Sci., from Lake
Tahoe, Cal., August 12, 1889. L. Belding). Above, olivace-
ous brown; each feather marked with a more or less distinct
linear, obovate or guttate subterminal spot of light tawny
buff. Rump and upper tail coverts, light ochraceous.
Upper surface of tail, seal brown, uniformly lighter on
under surface. Wings, clove brown, with lighter edging of
outer webs. Band on under surface of wing, pinkish buff.
Throat, sides of neck and jugulum, pale yellowish buff,
distinctly darker on juguliim, the feathers marked with a
terminal spot or edging of black, giving a heavily spotted
appearance to the jugulum. Breast and abdomen, imma-
culate white, spotted on anterior portion and sides. Under
tail coverts, cream color or nearly white. Wing, 91 mm.;
tail feathers, 61.5 mm.; bill from nostril, 8 mm.; tarsus,
27.5 mm.

NEW BIRDS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 73

NEW BIRDS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO.

BY ALFRED W. ANTHONY.

About one hundred and fifty miles south of the United
States boundary, and midway between the Pacific Ocean
and Gulf of California, lies a high range of mountains,
which is marked upon the later maps of the peninsula as
' ' San Pedro Martir." The region embraces a series of small
ranges which rise from an elevated mesa, having a mean
elevation of about 8,000 feet, and an extent of sixty by
twenty miles. In these mountains are born the only streams
that this part of the peninsula afi*ords, and an abundance
of pine timber is found throughout the region. Many of
the ranges on the eastern side of the San Pedro Martir rise
to an elevation of 11,000 feet, or even, in one or two places,
to 12,500 (?) feet.

Arising as the region does from the dry, barren hills of
the lower country to an elevation higher than any other on
the peninsula or in Southern California, and presenting in
its alpine vegetation and clear mountain streams features
so different from the dry manzanita and sage-covered hills
of the surrounding country, it is not unnatural to suppose
that its animal life would be found to differ in some respects
from that of the surrounding hills. It was not, however,
until 1 had been in Lower California over two years that I
was able to visit the locality and give it a little of the at-
tention that it deserves.

During the latter part of April and the first of May of the
present year (1889) my friend, Mr. Charles H. Townsend,
and myself spent two weeks in exploring the higher ranges
of this region, and although tlie results of our trip are very
flattering, we were by no means able to complete the work.
About one hundred birds were taken, yielding the following-
new forms, and others w^ill perhaps prove entitled to separa-
tion wdien w^e have secured a larger series.

2d Ser., Vol. II. [ 6 ] October 11, 1889.

74 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Oreortyx picta confinis subsp. nov.
San Pedro Partridge.

Subsp. char. — Differing from Oreortyx picta plimdf era i\\
grayer upper parts aacl thicker bill.

Adult S . (Type, No. 2560, collection of A. W. Anthony
from San Pedro Martir, Lower California, April 25, 1889,
elevation, 8,500 feet.) Back, wings and tail, ashy brown
with slight olive wash. Inner secondaries and tertiaries
bordered with white, forming, when wings are closed, two
parallel bars of white. Foreparts, above and below, slaty
blue, slightly grayer above. Belly, rich chestnut, banded
on the sides with bars of white and black. Flanks, rufous.
Tibiae, ashy. Crissum, velvety black streaked with chest-
nut. Throat, chestnut, bordered laterally with narrow
black line, which in turn is bordered with white. A white
mask surrounding the bill and changing to grayish on fore-
head. Arrow plumes, black.

Habitat. — Mountains of San Pedro range, Lower Califor-
nia, reaching to valleys in winter.

From an elevation of six thousand to ten thousand feet
above the sea, in the San Pedro Mountains, I found this
quail abundant, occurring wherever Avater and timber af-
forded it drink and shelter, and only leaving the higher
elevations when the frosts of winter make life in the lower
valleys desirable, A few pairs bred about my camp atVal-
ladores, six miles from the base of the range and 2,500 feet
above the sea; but nearly all of the flocks that wintered
along the creek at this point were gone in March, leaving
onl}^ an occasional pair, which sought the shelter of the
manzanitas high up on the hill-sides, from whence their
clear, mellow notes were heard morning and evening, so
suggestive of cool brooks and rustling pines, but so out of
place in the hot, barren hills of that region.

NEW BIRDS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA.

75

DIMENSIONS OF OREORTYA' FICTA COXFINIS.

COLLECTIOX OF A. W. AXTHONY.

No.

Sex
and

Locality.

Date.

^

X

Pi

o

(6

5

Age.

•

B

W

1 :

.

mm.

ram.

mm.

mm.

mm.

2557

d ad.

Valladores

April 20, 1889

138

90

13

9

34

2560

d" ad.

San Pedro Martir...

April 25, 1889

139

93

U

9

35

Type.

2558

d" ad.

"

May 7, 1889

141

98

14

9

35

2562

d" ad.

"

May 6, 1889

140

83

14

10

35

2561

9 ad.

" ...

May 6, 1889

141

93

14

10

35

2559

9 ad.

Valladores

March 29, 1889....

133

77

14

10

34

Aphelocoma californica obscura subsp. uov.
Belding'is Jay.

Subsp, cliar. — Differing from ^. call/or nica in much darker
colors and weaker feet.

Adult $ . (Type, No. 2543, coll. of A. W. A., from Valla-
dores, L. C, Sept. 8, 1888.) Above, indigo blue, darker on
head. Dorsal patch, smoky drab. Auriculars, black,
glossed with blue. Superciliary stripe, white. Gular
streaks with blue wash. Lower parts, gray, much darker
than true A. californica. Under tail coverts, bluish. Under
surface of tail, smoky black with blue reflection.

Habitat. — Lower California in region of San Pedro range,
ranging as high as 10,000 feet.

The great variation in size and color of the dorsal patch
in the series from this region, suggests the presence of a
second race, inhabiting the higher ranges, and characterized
b}^ small size and brownish dorsal patch, together with
dark blue upper parts; the material at my command, how-
ever, does not warrant its separation. Specimens from the
lower valleys agree in size with No. 2543, as given below:

76

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

DIMENSIONS OF APHELOCOMA CALIFORNICA OBSCURA.

COLLECTIOX OF A. "W. ANTHONY.

Sex
and
Age.

Locality.

^55

^

H

^

g

aq

'^

o

CD

n &

t.

^"

Pi

:

o

: o

-^

■ M

B

2543

rf

ail.

2344

6

ad.

2542

9

ad.

2545

9

ad.

Valladores Sept. 8, 18S8.

Sau Pedro Martir. . . May 6, 18S9.

May 5, 1889..

July 3, 1887..

mm.

mm.

mm.

mm.

mm.

127

165

26

37

28

117

148

25

38

26

114

138

24

33

25

119

142

23

34

26

Type.

Junco townsendi sp. nov.
Townsend's Junco.

Sp. char. — Similar to J. annedens, but differing in smaller
size, darker gray of tlie head, neck and chest; the backless
brown and the sides less extensively pinkish.

Adult 6 . Type, No. 2539, coll. of A. W. A., from San
Pedro Mountain, L. C, April 28, 1889). Head, neck and
breast all around, clear, slatey, gray, much darker than J. an-
nedens, but paler than J. hyemalis oregonus. Lores and crown,
blackish. Dorsal and interscapular region, ashy brown, in
some specimens scarcely diftering from the head and neck.
Rump and upper tail coverts, ashy, first two lateral rectrices
pure white, the rest blackish with ashy edges. Wings, black-
ish, primaries and secondaires with gray edges. Sides,
pink. Belly and under tail coverts, white. Mandibles and
feet, flesh color. Iris, hazle.

Adult ? . (Type, No. 2538, coll. of A. W. A., from San
Pedro Mountain, April 29, 1889). Head, neck and chest all
around, uniform dark gray, lighter than male. Lores, black-
ish. Dorsal patch, very faintly defined. Kump, clear ashy.
Pink of sides, paler and less extensive than male. Lower

NEW BIRDS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA,

77

parts white. Oater three rectrices white, third edged with
dusky. Iris, hazle.

I take great pleasure in iiamiug this excellent species for
my friend, Mr. Chas. H. Townsend, of the U. S. S. Albatross,
as a slight recognition of the much valuable work he has
done for western ornithology.

J. townsendi is probably the most abundant bird to be
found in the timbered parts of the San Pedro Mountain,
and is, I think, resident, as I have never, with a single ex-
ception, taken the species at the base of the range. The
characters described are remarkably constant. No. 2540,
a fine adult male, sports the abnormal passerine number of
thirteen rectrices, and has evidently lost a fourteenth. J.
h. oregonus occurs along the base of the range in winter,
but does not seem to join J. townsendi in nesting in the

high altitudes.

DIMENSIONS OF JUNCO TO WNSEXDI.
Collection of A. W. Anthony,

No.

Sex
and
Age.

Localit'

^

^

^

^

W

OQ

•§

GQ

3

S5

ffi

•<

p.

o

b

2

2.539
2540
2537
2538
2541

S ad. San Pedro Mt
S ad.' " " .
9 ad.
9 ad.
9ad(?

Valladores ,

Apnl 28, 1889,
April 28, 1889
April 29, 1889,
April 28, 1889
Dec. 8, 1888..

mm.

mm.

mm.

mm.

78

75

10

20

78

7C

10

20

72

67

10

20

73

73

10

20

70

72

10

21

Type.

Type.

Sitta pygmaea leuconucha snbsp. uov.
White-xaped Nuthatch.

Subsp. char. — Differs from S. pygmcea in larger bill, grayer
head, more conspicuous nuchal patch and whiter under-
parts.

78 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Adult S . (Type, No. 2534, coll. of A. ^Y. A,, from San
Pedro Mountain, Lower California, April 28, 1889). Whole
top of head, ashy gray. Lores and line running through
the eye and including uppor auriculars, black. A large
and conspicuous nuchal patch of white. Dorsal region,
ashy-gray. Scapulars and rump, slatey-blue. Chin and
throat, pure white ; rest of lower parts, soiled white.
Flanks, ashy. "Wings, blackish. Second primaries slightly
edged with white. Central tail feather like back, wdth long
W'hite spot at base, the others black, first pair with broad
oblique white bar.

Habitat. — Higher parts of San Pedro Mountain, Lower
California. A large series collected in April and Mayshow^
a very constant variation from the specific form. They
were very abundant throughout the pines and were evidently
nesting; no nests, however, w^ere taken.

DIMENSIONS OF SITTA PrGM.EA LEUGONUCHA.
Collection of A. "W. Antkony.

Sex

and Locality

Age.

^

H

n ,

H

o

>^^

;

:

2. o

:

; S3

2533 cf ^^

2534 i' ad

San Pedio :,It.

2535

J ad.

253G

d ad.

2529

J ad.

252S

9 ad.

2530

9 ad.

2531

9 ad.

2532

9 ad

April 28, 1889
April 28, 1889..
April 29, 1889.
April i5, 1889
April 25, 1£89.
April 28, 1889
April 25, 1889.
April V5, 1889.
April 25, 1889

aim.

min.

mm.

mill.

mm.

65

40

15

16

G7

42

17

17

70

40

15

16

07

38

15

17

09

42

16

16

(-.7

42

14

17

6(5

41

15

17

(55

39

15

IT

(16

40

15

16

Type.

NEW BIRDS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. iV)

Sialia mexicana anabelse snbsp. now
Anabel's Bluebird.

Subsp. char. — Differing from S. mexicana in slightly
larger form, in the bay of the breast, ^yhich is divided by
the blue of the throat, restricting it to patches on the sides
of the breast, and in the almost entire absence of bay on
scapulae.

Adult 6 . (Type, No. 2548, coll. of A. W. A., from San
Pedro Mountain, Lower California, April 28, 1889). Above,
rich azure blue, a faint touch of chestnut on some of the
scapular and dorsal feathers. Throat, neck and central
breast, azure blue, extending to the middle of the belly,
giving phice to the bluish white of the lower belly and un-
der tail coverts. A patch of chestnut on sides of breast
extending half way down the sides.

Adult S . (Type, No. 2547, coll. of A. W. A., from San
Pedro Mountain, May 1, 1889). Head and neck above,
pale blue wdth pearly reflections. Dorsal patch, pale rusty
brown. Rump, pale azure blue. Breast and sides, rusty
brown. Throat, sides of head and belly, gray. Crissum
with blue wash.

Differs from the females of S. mexicana in my collection
in the more pronounced blue of the head and larger size.

Habitat. — Mountains of Lower Calilornia, Mount Lassen,
Cal., Puget Sound, Utah and Nevada.

Named for my wdfe, Anabel Anthony.

From the series of thirty adult birds before me I am able
to find but three that can not be immediately referred to
one race or the other; these are: No. 53319, coll. U. S.
Nat. Museum, Carson City, Nevada; No. 82589, coll. Nat.
Museum, Marin County, Cal.; and No. 821, coll. A. AV.
Anthony, Washington County, Oregon. These are all male
birds and midway between the two forms, having the bay of
the breast scarcely divided by the blue, and but little rusty
coloring on the scapulae. Three National Museum speci-

80 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

mens which I have examined, from "Mount Lassen, Cal.,"
" Genoa, Utah," and " Paget Sound;" are undoubtedly re-
ferable to S. m. anahelce. These, Mr. Eidgway writes
me, are the only ones in the National Museum collection
that match my specimens from Lower California. During
our stay of two weeks on the San Pedro Mountain, both S.
mexicana and S. m. aiiabelw were everywhere common; the
latter, however, greatly outnumbering the specific form, and
in a great measure flocking by itself. At a distance of one
hundred yards it was quite easy to identify the two forms;
and I do not think that either Mr. Townsend or myself were
guilty of shooting a male bird the identity of which we were
not sure of beforehand; the greater amount of blue in the
plumage of the adult male giving it an appearance much
darker than that presented by typical S. mexicana. Most
of the S. m. anaheloe were paired and preparing to nest by
May 1st; but I think S. mexicana were not yet nesting; they
appeared to be birds that were still moving northward, and
it is possible that later we would have found them all gone.
It is my opinion that S. m. anahelce will prove to be a south-
ern form of S. mexicana, wandering occasionally as far north
as Puget Sound. A recent trip into the mountains of the
eastern part of San Diego County, Cal., failed to bring to
light any other than the typical form of S. mexicana.

The following tables of measurements will show the rela-
tive size of the two forms, and a slight though constant
variation will be noticed in favor of the San Pedro birds,
which are slightly larger than any S. mexicana which. I have
examined :

NEW BIRDS FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA.

81

DIMENSIONS OF SIALIA MEJTICANA ANABELJE.

Sex

:^

.-io^

H

No.

! and

1 Age.

Locality.

Date.

^

posod
ulnien

I

CO

Remarks.

2546*

0 ad.

2548

5 ad.

2549

S ad.

2550^

,^ ad.

2551

5 ad.

2552

<5 ad.

2553

5 ad.

2554

c5 ad.

2555

5 ad.

132871

5 ad.

99777!

.3 ad.

2547

9 ad.

2556

9 ad.

San Pedro Mt.

Genoa, Utah . . .
Mt. Lassen, Cal.

San Pedro Mt.

May 6, 1889 ...
April 28, 1889.
May 1,1889...
May 6, 1889...,
May 6, 1889.,..
April 28, 1889
April 29, 1889.
April 29, 1889
April 25, 1889
June 25, 1859.
July 4, 1884...
Average

Mayl, 1889....
April 28, 1889.

mm.

mm.

mm.

mm.

109

75

13

17

110

73

12

20

109

71

12

19

108

73

12

20

110

74

13

18

110

73

12

19

109

73

12

20

108

72

12

22

109

74

12

20

110

74

12

19

110

71

11

21

109.3

73

12.1

19.5

106

67

12

19

103

73

12

21

Type.

Type.

"* From No. 2546 to No. 255G, Coll. of A. W. Anthony, t U. S. Nat. Mus.
DIMENSIONS OF SIALIA MEA'ICANA.

No.

Sex
and
Age.

Locality.

Date.

^

f.

ol

^

'■

52

C

33*

s

ad.

Riverside, Cal

Nov. 24, 1887

mm.

106

mm.
70

mm.
12

mm.
21

672*

s

ad.

San Bernadino Mts., Cal,.

June 25,1889

107

71

11

22

1160t

s

ad.
ad.

Oakland Cal

Feb. 11, 1880

April 17, 1885....

106
102

68
70

11
12

19

2029i)

Paraiso, Cal

19

816t

s

ad.

Beaverton, Oregon

March 3, 1889

103

63

11

19

1055:

6

ad.

Beaverton, Oregon

Feb. 20, 1885

101

68

11

19

2525}

$

ad.

San Pedro Mt

April 28, 1889 ....

105

70

12

18

2526t

3

ad.

Valladores, L. C

Dec. 4, 1888

Average

106

104.5

97

71

12

19

69.1

115

19.5

820}

9

ad.

Beaverton Oregon

March 4, 1889

64

12

20

* Collection of "VV. W. Price, t Collection of D. S. Bryant.
lYANT. } Collection of A. W. Anthony.

3 Collection of W. E.

82 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

In conclusion I wish to thank my friend Mr. Chas. H.
Townsend for much vahiable assistance in collecting and
preparing the material upon which these descriptions
are based, and for his generosity in allowing me to de-
scribe the entire ornithological proceeds of our trip; also
Messrs. Kobert Eiflgway, W. E. Bryant, and W. W. Price,
for much valuable information, and the use of many speci-
mens.

GKXEllAL ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES. 83

GENERAL ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES. I.

edited by walter e. bryant.

Nesting Habits of the California Brown Pelican.
(Pelecanus calif ornicus.)

By a. W. AjsTHOny.

It is my impression that no description has been given of
the eggs of tliis species since its separation from the Atlan-
tic form; at any rate, papers that treat npon the subject are
not so common as to make another siiperfluons and a few
notes upon the habits of the pelican devoid of interest.

The largest colony that I have found thus far was discov-
ered on San Martin Island April 12th, 1888. The island of
San Martin lies about five miles off shore and nearly due
west from San Quentin, Lower California, in about Lat.
30^ 33' N. With the exception of a few acres of sand on
the east and northeastern sides, it is composed entirely of
lava, which has escaped from an extinct volcano on the
southern end of the island; the greatest elevation is found
at this point, which is perhaps 450 feet above the sea. The
entire island comprises about 1200 acres. Three days were
spent here in investigating the bird life, most of which time
was expended in making life a burden to a colony of about
five hundred pelicans, which were found nesting on the
north end of the island. The nests were located in groups
of twenty or thirty about a quarter of a mile from the beach
and about 250 feet above the^sea. They were largely com-
posed of the accumulated filth of several generations of
pelicans, and many of the older ones had obtained a height
of three feet, evidently having been added to from year to
year. Most of the nests were built on the tops of low
bushes, but many were resting on the bare ground or placed

2d Ser. Vol. II. October 11, 1889.

84 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Upon blocks of lava. Sticks, twigs, kelp, sea grass, and in
a few cases bones of defunct sea birds, were used as build-
ing material, and a little sea grass spread over tlie top as a
lining, no attempt being made to form anything more than
a mere platform eighteen inches or two feet in diamater,
and in nests of a single ^^ear's growth four or five inches in
depth. At this date, April 12th, most of the nests con-
tained young ranging from those just hatched to the full-
fledged birds capable of flying.

Many nests, however, contained eggs, and by careful
selection about twenty sets were found that were fresh, or
nearly so; others taken at random proved to be all more or
less incubated. The usual set seems to be three; a few nests
contained two and were probably not complete; while but
one set of four was found. The fresh eggs were perfectly
white, but as incubation began they became stained from
the damp, decaying sfeaweed and kelp, which forms the
liniag of the nest, and by the time they had been in the
nest two weeks it was diflicult to tell what the original color
had been. An oologist (?) whom I presented with a set of
three stained eggs reported that he had cleaned them so
thoroughly that they were much finer specimens than any of
my fresh ones. When asked to describe the method used
he informed me that he simply rubbed them wdth sandpaper
until the shell was as thin as he considered safe. This
method may be of value, but will hardly come into general
use. A set taken at random from the collection of twenty-
five, and which is perhaps a fair average as to size, measures
in millimeters 83 x 48 ; 85 x 48 ; 72 x 50.

The birds at this colony did not appear to be very wild,
only flying up Avhen we had approached to within fifty or
sixty yards and settling down again as soon as we had passed
by. Flocks of from five or six to twenty were constantly ar-
riving from far out at sea, flying in one long line, each fol-
lowing directly in the track of the one next in front, and
but just keeping above the water until within a few hundred

GENERAL ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES. 85

yards of the island, when they rose gradually to the eleva-
tion of their nests. Towards night the flocks grew larger,
as the birds that had been over to San Quentin Bay for the
day's fishing began to arrive. These birds after fishing until
sunset along the southern shore of the bay, gather in large
flocks, and most of them fly directly up the bay, or almost
at right angles with the course taken by those birds that
fly directly towards the island. For some time I was at a
loss to know where these flocks were going, as I knew that
tliere was no resting place in that direction; but I found that
after reaching the head of the bay, ten miles from the feed-
ing grounds, they turned through a pass between the hills,
and after flying five miles over land, reached the ocean at
a point opposite the island, having flown eighteen or twenty
miles to reach a point ten miles distant, rather than fly two
miles over a range of hills one hundred feet high. Above
ten per cent, of the birds, however, were wise enough to
take the shorter route.

Hundreds of pounds of small fish were scattered all
about the colony, in little bunches or singly, having been
disgorged entirely undigested. I could not see that the
young were making any use of these provisions, nor did any
of the birds of the island except the gulls. They were proba-
bly designed, however, for the nearly fledged young that
were still unable to fish for themselves.

One apparently fat and healthy adult female, which I saw
frequently during my stay at the island, had splintered the
upper mandible so that it hung down upon her breast in two
or three long strips, waving and flapping as she flew like
pieces of shingle; she had probably struck a hidden rock in
diving for fish.

I did not find the pelican nesting on San Geronimo Island,
fifty miles south of San Martin, but at Todos Santos Islands,
opposite Ensenada, I am told that a few birds nest ever}'
year.

Mr. A. M. IngersoU informs me that about twcDty-five
nests are to be found on one of the Coronados Islands.

86 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,

Occurrence of Phaethon cethereus and Capture of ^S'co^e-
cophagus cavolinus in Lower California.

By A. W. Anthony.

Heretofore it has been considered rather unusual to en-
counter the tropic bird north of Cape St. Lucas, although
it has been regularly met Avith in that latitude. I think, how-
ever, that it will be found to be ;> regular though perhaps a
rare visitant to the entire Pacific coast of tlje Peninsula. In
Jane, 1887, I saw tropic birds on two consecutive days at a
point about fifty miles north of Cerros Island (Lat. 29° N.)
I next observed them in September, 1888, wdiile on my way
from Ensenada to San Quentin. As we v.-ere passing Cape
Colnett, somewhere in the Lat. of 31° 15' N., a pair of tropic
birds joined the ship and flew about with the gulls for some
time; later in the same day a single bird was seen about
twenty-five miles farther south. I am reasonably sure that
I have seen one or two birds about the Todos Santos Islands,
sixty miles south of San Diego. ^

As no Pacific Coast record has been given of the appear-
ance of the rusty blackbird south of Alaska, I was not a
little surprised when I encountered the species at my camp
at the foot of the San Pedro Martir range in Low^er Cali-
fornia, where a single male bird was taken December 12,
1888. No others were seen, nor w^as S. cyanocephalus found
until some weeks later. Comparison of my specimen with
Avinter birds from the Eastern States proves it to be typical
S. carolinus. Nelson in his " Eeport upon the Natural
History Collections made in Alaska, 1877-1881," reports
S. carolinus from Sitka, which is, I think, the southernmost
record heretofore.

* Dr. J. G. Cooper informs me that a sknll of a tropic bird was fonud by
Mr. Gruberon the coast of Mariu County about twenty years ago. W. E. 13.

GENERAL ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES. 87

Puffinus griseus (Gmel.), Putfinus gavia (Forst.) and Ster-
coiririus pomarinns (Temm.) ON the Coast of California.

By W. E. Bryant.

A specimen of Piitjinas griseus, now in the collection of
the California Academy of Sciences (No. 340) was washed
ashore near San Francisco in 1887. This species has not
been previously known from Pacific Ocean. Dr. Cooper
mentions- a blackish species, found by him on the coast of
California, and supposed to be the young of P. cveatopus,
with which it was associated. The bird in question has
been identified by Mr. Ridgway.

The Black-vented Shearwater (Puffinus gavia) has been
known from the Pacific Coast only from two specimens
taken at Cape St. Lucus by Mr. John Xantus, and a single
bird found by myself on Guadalupe Island, Lower Cali-
fornia. Mr. E. C. McGregor found one dead upon the beach
at Santa Cruz, Cal., Oct. 17, 1888, (No. 319, ? , coll. E. C
McG.) It will probably be taken on the coast of Califor-
nia much farther north.

In the collection of the California A^cademy of Sciences
is a specimen of the Pomarine Jaeger (Stercorarius poma-
riiius), No. 341, which was found on the ocean beach,
San Francisco, after a heavy storm in 1887. The only no-
tice I find of its occurrence on the Pacific Coast is of
a single bird taken by Mr. Elliott on the Pribylof Group,
Alaska.

Notes on the Occurrence of Fregata aquila, Clangula
hyemalis and Oceanodroma furcata ON the coast of
Northern California.

By T. S. Palmer.

During a short stay in Eureka, this spring, I had the
pleasure of examining the collection of mounted birds be-
longing to Mr. Chas. Fiebig of that city. Mr. Fiebig has
kindly furnished me with the data concerning the following-
species :

* Ank, VoL III., p. 125.

88 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Fregata aquila. Man-o'-War Bird.

A female of this species was siiot by a market hunter on
Humboldt Bay, Oct. 5, 1888, and presented to Mr. Fiebig,
who now has it in his collection. This is believed to be the
first well authenticated record of this bird on the coast of
California. Its claim to a place in the avifauna of this State
having heretofore rested on a skull, supposed to be of this
species, found on the Farallon Islands a number of years
ago.^

Clangula hyemalis. Old-squaw.

A rare species on this coast, especially in California. A
male was taken on Humboldt Bay, Oct. (15 ?), 1888.

Oceanodro7na furcata. Fork-tailed Petrel.

A specimen was picked up on the beach of Humboldt
Bay, by Mr. J. B. Brown, on February 16 or 17, 1887. It
was one of a number which had been killed by a recent
storm and washed up on the beach.

The fork-tailed petrel has been taken within the State on
one or two occasions before, but the instance cited above
seems to show that it is common, if not abundant, off our
coast in winter, and like the Pacific fulmar, is sometimes
destroyed in considerable numbers by severe storms.

The Identification of Californian Nests and Eggs of
THE Genus Empidonax.

By H. K. Taylor.

It is, I think, a fact of interest and one not before re-
marked, that of the four species of Empidonax found breeding
in California, the eggs of two of them, E. difficilis -And E.pusil-
liis, which are spotted and indistinguishable, may be identi-
fied by the great difference in construction and especially
position of nests.

Three nests of E. pusillus, found by me this year near
Pleasanton, are much deeper and more compact than any of

*Proc'. Cal. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, Vol. I, p. 41.

GENERAL ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES. 89

the many nests I have seen of E. dlfficilis. Tliey were built
in the forked branches of small trees, which is the invariable
rule, while the nests of E. difjicilis are never found in such
situations. Occasionally a nest of E. dlfficilis is seen in the
top of a tree trunk, where large branches diverge, but it is
noticed that in such cases they occupy a depression in the
bark, never being supported by twigs at the sides like the
nests of E. pusillus. Mr. L. Zellner, of Los Angeles, writes
to me :

"I have collected seven or eight nests of this species
\_E. pusillus] this season, in the early part of June. They
contained from three to four eggs each, and were all placed
in the forks of willows from four to eight feet from the
ground."

The nests of E. hammondi and E. ohscii7nis are said to be
sometimes built in forks, but as their eggs are unmarked
there is no danger of confounding them with the eggs of
either E. difficilis or E. pusillus. Just how far it is possible
to identify the eggs of E. hammondi and E. obscurus from
the situation and construction of the nests and the size of
the eggs, must be learned from a large number of instances
obtained from different localities.

An Omission fkom the A. 0. U. Kevised List.

By W. W. Price.

In the "Auk" (Vol. V., p. 425) appeared a record of
the capture of Xantus's becard (Platypsaris albiventris)
in the Huachuca Mountains, Southern Arizona, seven miles
north of the Mexican boundary, which has been overlooked
in the revision of the check list of North American birds.

A day or two after it was taken the bird was sent to Mr.
Robert Eidgway for identification, and remained in the
Smithsonian Institution several months. The record seems
to be of some importance, as it is not only a species new to

[7J

90 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

the United States avifauna, but also a new genus and fam-
ily within the United States.

A Specimen of Passerella iliaca taken in Califoenia.

By W. E. Bryant.

Mr. A. M. Ingersoll, of San Diego, has sent to me for
examination a male fox sparrow (P. iliaca), which he col-
lected at Poway, San Diego County, January 3, 1888. The
bird is in good plumage and not different from Eastern ex-
amples. In the appendix to Hist, of N. A. Birds, Vol. Ill,
p. 516, mention is made of "The capture of a specimen ex-
actly intermediate between P. iliaca and P. toionsendii, at
Saticoy, California, December 14, 1872, by Dr. Cooper."

ENTOMOLOGiaAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 91

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS.

BY H. H. BEHR.
I.

The Genus Neophasia Belir.

The late Baron Terloot de PopeJaire, many years ago,
while on a journey through the pine forest region of the
Sierra Madre, from Dnrango to the Pacific Coast, collected
a peculiar butterfly, and, having no better means of pre-
serving it on a hurried trip through a region infested by
Indians, pressed it in his pocket-book.

This specimen, considerably shattered, but showing all
its essential characteristics, came into my hands. I saw it
to be a near relation of Pieris Blenapia Felder, and a close
inspection of the nervation of its wings revealed the fact
that the insect could not be comprised in the genus Pieris.
A careful study of Menapia, which it so much resembled,
made it evident that both species were congeneric, belong-
ing to a new genus having characteristics of Leptalis and
Euterpe, and even of the Asiatic genus Pontia, and the
European Leucophasia. On this species, Menapia, and the
new one which I called after its discoverer Terlootii, by
misprint Terlooil, was founded the genus Neophasia.

Since that time various webs of very peculiar structure
have reached me from different parts of Northern Mexico,
with the statement that they were the work of caterpillars
living in them through the rainy season, and producing a
butterfly, not a moth, early in spring. These nests were
only found at an elevation beyond permanent human habi-

2d Ser., Vol. II. October 15, 1889.

92 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

tation, but there in great profusion on the Madrono, an Ar-
butus, probably identical with our A. menziesii.

As these webs can be made very useful for certain pur-
poses, several members of the Academy tried to obtain
living insects, which could be easily acclimatized in our
madrono forests, or into plantations where it could be more
easily protected. One result of these efforts was to prove
that it was not quite as common in the fastnesses of the
Mexican Sierras as it had appeared. The evergreen foliage
seemed to preserve the webs for an indetinite time, and all
our correspondents agreed that they were obliged to exam-
ine many of them before they found one inhabited.

The few which were sent always arrived with all their in-
habitants dead, and so badly shattered that they could not be
used as specimens for the entomological cabinet, but not so
completel}^ that it was impossible to classify them generic-
ally, and their nervation showed that they belonged to a
third species of the genus NeopJiasia.

An invoice which I received from Cozihuiriachic, which
probably came from some mountain ridge of that neighbor-
hood, contained webs full of Terlootii developed in transit,
and smothered by the close packing, proving that species
had the same larval habit and food plant as the inhabitants
of the former webs.

There were now, including llenapia, three species of the
same type, two of them connected besides by their pecidiar
method of life in the larval state.

In Kirby's Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera iS found a
genus Euclieira with a single species, E. socialis, described
by -Westwood in Trans. Entom. Soc. i, 44 (1836), and cred-
ited to Mexico. The volume of the Transactions is inac-
cessible to me, but the specific name socialis caused a vague
suspicion that the genus was identical with NeopJiasia, a
supposition which has been confirmed by an article from

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 93

Dr. Jesus Aleman in La Naturaleza, Vol. vii, where he de-
scribes E. socialis and disc asses its uses, and adds a plate
showing the butterfly in the act of laying eggs on an arbutus
leaf, the caterj)illar on a branch, and a colony of chrysa-
lides in the v^eculiarly shaped web so characteristic of the
species.

As there is not the slightest doubt that Terhotii and
Menapia belong to the same genus as socialis, it naturally
follows that the name Neopliasia Behr, must be retired in
favor of ^wc/ieiVa"^ Westw., which is the older and a most
appropriate name, referring as it does to the workmanship
of the larva, most unusual in the series of Pier ides, and of
the Diurnal s in general. The genus Eucheira, comprising
now three species, their diagnoses for greater distinctness
may be formulated as follows:

1. E. SOCIALIS Westw. Al?e anticae, macula alba discoi-
dali signatce, cunctse fascia alba per mediam alam trans-
versa, nee non punctis albis marginalibus instructae.

2. F. Terlootii Behr. Alae anticce nigree, fascia alba
maculari margineni versus posteriorem usque ad basin alse
extensa, nee non punctis marginalibus instructa3. Alse
posticse alb?e concolores. Alse subtus ut supra, posticse
versus marginem tantum linea fusca signatce.

Sierra Madre, Mexico, in regione coniferarum.

3. E. Menapia Eelder. Abe candidoe, anticse apice ni-
grae, fascia maculari vel maculis disruptis albis signatae,
nee non macula discoidali nigra per marginem anteriorem
usque ad basin extensa, Alie posticse 6 ris concolores, ? n&e
margine nigro fascia maculari alba signatae. Alee subtus ut
supra sed utrisuque sexus alse posteriores linea fusca mar-
ginali interdum rubescente instructas.

Sierra Nevada, California; Oregon; Vancouver Island.

*From £u, well, Rud/ecp, hand.

94 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

The larval state of socialis and Terlootii is entirely the
same, but as to that of Menapia my information is very im-
perfect. It is always found in regions abounding in conif-
erous trees, and has been supposed to feed on them, but
as Madrono is usually found in the same districts, it is pos-
sible that its food plant is the same as that of the other spe-
cies, although Arbutus is as exceptional a food for Fierids
as a conifer would be. The peculiar silky web made by the
other species has never been observed in the range of
Menapia, and as such a conspicuous object could hardly
have escaped observation, the larvse (still unknown) proba-
bly do not form them. It may be that it is a social weaver
only in its earliest stages, as is the case' with Aporia crategi,
the food plant of which is also an anomaly in the series of
the Pierides.

II.

A NEW Cerocampide.

By the kindness of Professor J. J. Rivers, of our State
University, I received a caterpillar preserved in alcohol, and
two living chrysalides, which in process of time furnished
a pair of moths belonging to the series of the Cerocampides.

A very similar insect was described and figured in Smith
Abbott's Insects of Georgia, under the name Notodonta
concinna.

A close examination of Professor Rivers' specimens has
convinced me that they canuot belong to the genus Nofo-
donta, but that they are most related to Bryocan^ja. It
may be that the species deserves generic rank, but I leave
this question to other Entomologists, who have in a full
series of this and related types better means for comparison.

Dryocampa Riversii mihi. Imaginis statura Notodontce
concinnm Smith. Thorax atropurpureus, abdomen et ante-
rius et posterius pallidum, medium atropuvpureum. Alse
anticse griseae, nervosa3, atomis longitudinaliter extensis ir-

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 95

regulariter perspersse; umbra transversa medium alam per-
curreute; margine anterior! apicem versus cluobus maculis
signato. Margo posterior umbra purpurascente, in ? na
magis diffusa, usque ad angulum posticum impletus; in 6 re
et ad mediam alam et prope angulum, in ? na prope angu-
lum tantum macula dilutiori interrupta. Abe posticf^ $ ris
albse, ? nse obscurae.

Napa Yalley on Juglans.

The caterpillar rests with its anal joints lifted after the
manner of Notodonta Ziczac or rather N. concinna, so that the
anal feet do not touch the leaf on which it rests, but it uses
them, though they are less developed than the other prolegs
and rather imperfect for locomotion, according to the ob-
servation of Professor Kivers. The skin is naked and fur-
nished with horny but hairless tubercles, which increase in
length towards the head and anal extremity, forming blunt
spinose appendages; dorsal surface longitudinally striped
with alternate black and white lines, the sides olive green
with a few dispersed white spots, bordered by black lines;
head and girdle of fleshy tubercles encircling the first pair
of footless joints between the legs and prolegs, bright red.
It is of course possible that the colors have been modified
by the preservative alcohol.

TJiis moth appears to form a transition from the Cero-
campides to the Notodontides. It may possibly be considered
a new genus in which N. concinna Smith, would be a second
species. The slightly dentate outline of the external mar-
gin of the forewings distinguishes the insect from other
species of Dryoccimjoa and approaches it somewhat to the
Notodonta group, but the nervation of the wings, and its
larval characteristics, bring it without doubt into the
former.

In markings it bears some resemblance to the European
Hyhocampa Milhauscri. It also shows a certain likeness in
nervation and outline of wings, as well as in texture of

96 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

thorax and patagia, to the Australian Danima Banksice, but
the entirely different sphingiform larva of the latter prove
that this superficial similarity is rather of analogy than of
affinity.

As well as we are able to judge from the material and
literature at our command this is the only species thus far
found in California, of the series of the Cerocampides, so
well represented in the Atlantic States and in tropical
America.

CYCLONIC WINDS.

BY P. S. BUCKMINSTER.

During the summer of 1878, at Belleville, Esmeralda Co.,
Nevada, I observed a movement in cyclonic winds, which I
believe has not heretofore been recorded, and which is
shown in the diagram.

A. General Movement. B. Large Circular Movement. C. Small Circular Movement.

Heretofore circular winds have been represented as hav-
ing three movements, viz:^of direct projection, of revolu-
tion, and a vertical movement. My observation was of a
well-defined and strongly marked smaller circular move-
ment, in and upon the line of the general circular move-
ment, which was continuous and sustained during the whole
time of observation. This movement was manifested by a

2d Ser.. Vol. II.

(8)

October 18, 1889.

98 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

cylindrical film of sand having a diameter of approximately
twenty feet, moving slowly upon its direct coarse and with
a velocity of about ten feet per second around its central
axis. In and upon this moving circle were six small revolv-
ing circles not exceeding one foot in diameter and having a
greater velocity, probably inversely proportionate to their
diameters. Their greater velocity enabled them to take up
from the surface of the ground more sand and debris than the
larger circle, and as a consequence, they maintained strong
and independent columns upon the larger but weaker one.

The movement, which was from right to left in its circu-
lar projection, passed within a few rods of me. Approach-
ing, it was upon ground having a loose sandy surface and
free from obstructions. Near me the ground presented a
few scattered shrubs with sand intervening; beyond, there
was open sand again, then a street with a line of buildings
upon one side; beyond the buildings were: first, sand, then
sand and shrubs. The fourth movement was strongly de-
fined when I first noticed the general movement, and so
continued during the time I was able to observe it. When
the movement reached the ground covered with shrubs and
one of the smaller movements encountered them, it would
apparently become obliterated, but directly it would appear
in its place again, simply having been broken at its earth
contact. The movement passed directly over the buildings
noted and again made ground contact, maintaining its sev-
eral movements, which were sustained while it was within
my observation.

In the recorded observations of devastation effected by
tornadoes, we find instanced the twisting of branches of
trees about their trunks, the turning of chimneys upon their
bases without being thrown dow^n, the whirling of objects
in the air, the erratic movement of bodies, etc., none of
which are explainable by either or all of the movements
heretofore recognized, but which are readily accounted for
by this fourth movement.

CYCLONIC WINDS. 99

This fourth movement existing in a tornado might not
constantly manifest itself, for when obstructions are en-
countered, the general movements are disturbed, and the
circular ones raised from earth contact. But when there
are no serious obstructions the surface air is enabled to flow
in freelj^ and fully and produce a complete C3'lindrical move-
ment, then, and following such an attained condition, should
occur manifestations of this fourth movement.

A REVIEW OF THE ERYTHRININiE.

BY CARL H. EIGENMANN AND ROSA S. EIGENMANN.
(With Plate I.)

The Erythriniii8e is a sub-family of the Characinidse. It
has usually been separated from the remaining sub-families
on account of the absence of an adipose fin. This absence
of the adipose fin, when isolated from other characters,
seems to us to be of little value in classification. The gen-
era of this sub-family are more closely related to the Anos-
tomatinas than they are to the Curimatinae, with which they
have usually been associated.

The species of this sub-family are, with two exceptions,
confined to the eastern slopes of South America and the ad-
jacent islands.

The specimens examined belong to the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass.

ERYTHRININ.E.

Adipose fin none. Gill opening wide, the membranes
slightly united, free from the isthmus. Nares approxi-
mated. Teeth well developed, at least in the jaws; pharyn-
geal teeth villiform. Cheeks covered by the suborbital
bones. Brain case entirely enclosed above. Body elongate,
slender, fusiform or sub-fusiform. Back not greatly arched,
belly rounded. Dorsal short, of 8 to 15 rays. Intestines
short. Carnivorous.

ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA.

a. Dorsal iu advance of the aaal, usually over or little behind the ventrals.
A. 10-13.

6. Gape very wide, little oblique, maxillary reaching at least middle of
orbit. Intermaxillaries and dentaries with strong canines ; maxillary
with fine pectinate teeth; palatines dentiferous. Caudal rounded; dor-
sal over ventrals. Lateral line developed.

2d Seu. Vol. H. November 8, 18^9.

REVIEW OF THE ERYTHRININ.E. 101

c. Walls of the air bladder normal. Outer series of palatine teeth en-
larged and removed from the villiform teeth; a detiched patch of teeth
in front of the palatines, Dentary with canines anteriorly and latei-
ally. Maxillary with a canine auteriorlx ; all teeth pointed. Dentary
process joined to the dentary at the symphysis, within the lateral can-
ines and merging into the dentiferous ridge midway between symphy-
sis and posterior angle of dentary; the pit formed behind the larger
canine and the one behind the lateral canines filled with numerous
short conical teeth which lie concealed in the muscles; a deep pit in
the intermaxillary for the reception of the larger dentary canine.
Snout pointed; maxillary and mandible extending beyond the orbit.
Supratemporal plate single. D. 12-15; A. 11. Lat. 1. 39-U (fig. 1).

Macrodon 1.

cc. Walls of the anterior portion of the posterior air bladder cellular.

Palatine teeth all villiform. in a single patch on the sides of the palate.

Maxillary with pectinate teeth only, no canines. Dentary with short

conical teeth; two canines near the symphysis the outer of which is

the larger; no lateral canines. All the teeth blunt. Dentary process

joined for its whole length to the dentiferous ridge. Intermaxillary

without a pit. Snout decurved, rounded. Supratemporal plate double.

D. 11-12; A. 11; Lat. 1. about 33 (fig. 2). Erythrinus 2.

bb. Gape oblique, not reaching beyond middle of orbit, usually shorter.

Maxillary with a few slender teeth, no canines. Palate edeutulous or

shghtly roughened in Lebiasina; caudal forked or emargiuate. Lateral

line obsolete or developed on a few scales only.

d. Walls of the air bladder normal. Teeth all conical; intermaxillary
teeth in one or two series; dentary teeth in two series; maxillary
teeth in a single series; mouth very oblique; maxillary not reaching
orbit, Cypiinit'orm. Species with a black spot on dorsal (fig. 3).

Pyrrhulina 3,
dd. Walls of the anterior portion of the posterior air bladder cellular.
Intermaxillary, maxillary and outer series of the dentary teeth tri-
cuspid; dentary with an inner series of much finer conical teeth
separated from the outer series by a deep groove; supratemporal
plate double (fig. 5). Lehiasina 4.

cm. Dorsal over the anal. A. 20-31; V. 6. Opercle terminating iu a spine
or filament. Teeth compressed, with multicuspid crowns, the median
cusp longest, in two rows on intermaxillary, in a single row on mandible;
palate toothless. Caudal deeply forked; lat. 1. present. Body subfusi-
form, compressed. Mouth moderate, obhque, Sttvardia 5.

I. Macrodon.
Macrodon Miiller '42a^ 308 (traJiira).

* See Bibliography at end of paper.

102 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Type: Macrodon trahira Spix.

This genus is composed of two species inhabiting respect-
ively the east and west slopes of South America. The head
is more elongate, the snout more pointed and the dentition
more formidable tlian in the other genera of tlie Erythrin-
incv.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

a. Eleven series of scales across the back of the tail from one lateral line to
the other. Lat. 1. 43-44; D. 14; A. 11. Sides mottled with light and
dark brown. viicrolepis 1.

aa. Nine series of scales across the back of the tail from one lateral line to
the other. Lit. 1. 39-43; D. 12-15; A. 10-1 L Sides plain or mottled;
young nsujilly with a dark lateral band. malabaricus 2.

1. Macrodon microlepis.

Macrodon microlepis Gthr. '64, 282 (Chagres River; Western Ecuador).

Macrodon tahir a microlepis Steiiid. '80a, 49 i Guayaquil)).

Habitat: Western slopes of S.Aith America from Guayaquil to Panama.

Two specimens .05 and .365 m. from near Obispo and
from the Eio Chagres near Gorgona. The smaller speci-
men is somewhat more slender and has an indistinct dusky
area along the lateral line, the fins are higher and less pro-
fusely spotted; the pectoral is plain with an aggregation of
dark dots at its base. There are thirteen series of scales
across the back before the dorsal fin in both specimens.

The larger specimen has the vertical fins profusely
spotted and barred, the bars on the caudal and anal leaving
only narrow light bars of the ground color. Tongue with
a few granular patches at its base.

2. Macrodon malabaricus.

Haimuri; Haimara; Huri; Canhui; Tari-irii; Trahira.

Tareira Marcgrave, 1648, 157.

Esox malaharkus Bloch. 1794, pt. 8, 149, pi. 392 (Trauquebar.)

Synodus malabaricus Bl. & Schn. 1801, '• 397,"

Synodus tareira Bl. & Schn. 1801, " 398, pi. 79."

Macrodon tareira C. & V. xix. '46, 508 (Bahia; San Francisco; Ama-
zon; Maracaibo).

Erythrinus trahira Spix. '29, pi. 18; Cast. '55, 56 (Bahia).

Macrodon trahira M. & T. '48a, 632 (all streams, especially near cas-
cades); Gthr. '64a (Demerara; Essequibo; Rio Capin, Para; Rio

REVIEW OF THE ERYTHRININ^. 103

Capai; Bahia); Liitk. 'TSa, 184 (Rio das Velbas); Gthr. '68a, 239

(Huallaga); Steiud. '74a, 26 (Orinoco; Essequibo; Amazon; Rio

Plata; Rio San Francisco; Rio Una); Cope, '78a, 694 (Peruviau

Amazon); Steind. '78a, 31 (Rio Magdalena) ; Steiud. '80a, 14(Cauca);

Steind. •82a, 11 (Huallaga).
Erythrinus macrodon Agassiz '29, 43, pi. xviii. (Almada, Prov. Bahia;

Sau Francisco); Schorub. '41, 41a (all rivers of Guiana).
Erythrinus microcephalus Ag. '29, 44 (San Francisco),
Erythrinus brasiliensis Spix. '29, 45, pl.xx. (Peruaguacu); M. &T. 48a,

633 (all streams); Cast. '55a (Carandahj', Rio das Mortes, Minas

Geraes.)
Macrodon guavina Val. '33, 179, pi. 48, fig. 1; C. & V. xix. 527 (Lake

Tacarigua) .
Macrodon auritus C. & V. xix. 519 (Montevideo); Steind. '69b, 12

(Montevideo).
Macrodon teres C. & V. xix. 521 (Lake Maracaibo).
Macrodon patana C. & V. xix. 522 (Cayenne).
Macrodon aimara C. & V. xix. 523, pi. 586 (Cayenne).
Alacrodon ferox Gill '58a, 51 (Trinidad).

Macrodon intermedins Gthr. "64, 282 (Cipo River); id. '80a (La Plata).
Habitat: Eastern slope of South America from La Plata to Rio Mag-

daleua and Huallaga.

Yalenciennes united the species mentioned by Agassiz
and Spix with the Tareira of Marcgrave, but separates
numerous other species from it on slight differences.
Steindachner, in his papers on the Fishes of the Magda-
lena and on the Fishes of Southeastern Brazil, has given
his reasons for uniting all these species with the tareira.
Bloch gives an easily recognizable figure of this species,
but represents it as coming from Tranquebar.

We have been enabled to examine about 400 specimens,
,035-. 46 m., from 61 different localities: Para; Gurupa;
Villa Bella; Avary; Montalegre; Arary; Porto do Moz;
Obidos; Lago Alexo; Tonalitins; Manaos; Tapajos; Santa-
rem; Cudajas; Hyanuary; Manacapuru; Rio Negro; Silva,
Lake Saraca; Teffe; Hyavary; Rio Negro, near Lago
Alexo; Itabapuana; Tabatinga; Jutahy; Lago Maximo;
I§a; Tajapuru; Maues; Jatuarana; Lago luparana; Serpa;
Lago Alexo; Campos; Barra de Pirah}^; Bio Parahyba;
Paraguay; Ueranduba; Surinam; Rio das Velhas; Rio San

104 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Francisco; Bon Jardin, R. S. F. ; Rio Doce; Bahia; Santa
Cruz; Santa Clara; Rio Mucury; Sao Matlieos; Rio San
Antonio; Rio Janeiro; Goyaz; San Gongallo; Jequitinhonha;
Rio Puty; Buenos Ayres; Rio Grande; Porto Alegre; Rio
Arassuahy, Minas Geraes; Murialie; Guiana; Rio Ipojuco,
Province Pernambuco.

This seems to be one of the commonest food fishes of all
the rivers east of the Andes. It is found in the whole
course of these streams, occurring in the Amazons between
Para and the Rio Huallaga.

The coloration varies considerably with the localities and
with age, the different localities regulating the degree of
light or darkness. In specimens .06 m. long there is a con-
spicuous dark lateral band from the tip of the snout to the
base of the caudal; in larger specimens portions of the band
become broadened to form blotches while the remaining
portions are margined by a dark line and bordered by a
light or silvery area; with age the band, and afterwards the
blotches disappear; in the largest specimens the dorsal
surface is thickly covered with small spots. The fin rays of
the vertical fins are spotted and the spots frequently extend
on the membrane to form bands. The pectoral and ventral
fins are occasionally dusky without distinct spots. The
belly is white, occasionally spotted; the chin frequently
crossed by purplish bars; there is usually a round dark
spot at the upper posterior angle of the caudal peduncle.

The scales are uniformly larger in this species than in
microlepis. In a specimen .39 m. collected by Mr. Wheat-
land at Buenos Ayres there are 12, 11, 11, 9 series of scales
from one lateral line to the other in respectively the first,
second, third and fourth series behind the dorsal; this is
due however to the splitting of the median scales of the
back. Several other specimens present similar conditions.
The scales of the lateral line vary from 39-43.

The size of the canine teeth and the lingual patches of
teeth vary considerably. We have been unable to detect

REVIEW OF THE ERYTHRININ^. 105

any uniformity of variation, one organ varying indiscrimi-
nately of another.

The food of this species consists at least partly of other
fishes.

II. Erythrinus.

Erythrhms Gronow 17G3, 114 (based on Cypi^inus cylin-
driQUslj. = C. cepholus L. in ■psiYt=salmoneas) ; Miiller '42a,
308 (sp.); Miiller & Troschel '45a, 5 (sp.); Gthr. '04, 283
{unitceniatus , gronovii) .

Hetererythrinus Gthr. '64, 283 (salmoneus).

Type : Erythrhms salmoneus Gronow.

The Erythrinus of Cuvier, Miiller and Giinther is not the
Erythrinus of Gronow. The latter has salmoneus for its
type, and is identical with Gunther's Ileter erythrinus.

The species of this genus are smaller and less widely dis-
tributed than those of Macrodon.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

a. Pterygoids with teeth; dorsal rounded.

h. Caudal blackish; body usually with a dark lateral band; young without

a humeral spot. unitoiniatus .\ .

bb. Caudal with four or five cross-bars of spots; sometimes a blackish

spot near caudal; posterior portion of the body with vertical dark

streaks. salvus 2.

aa. Pterygoids without teeth; dorsal fin angular or pointed, some of the

posterior rays being prolonged.

c. Ventrals not reaching beyond origin of anal. erythrinus 3.

cc. Ventrals reaching far beyond origin of anal; posterior dorsal rays

longer than the head; upper parts and all the tins blackish; crown of

the head with black dots (Giinther). longipvmis 4.

1. Erythrinus unitaeniatus.

Huri; Canhui; Wauben.

Maturaque Marcgrave, 1648, 169 (in standing water).

? Synodontis palusiris Bloch & Schneider 1801, 398 (Brazil).

Erythrinus unitceniatus Spix. '29, 42, pi. 19 (San Francisco); M. & T.
'45a, 5, pi. iii, fig. 1 (Brazil; Guiana); C. & V. '46, 486 (Mana; Cay-
enne; Bahia); M. & T. 48a, 632 (Canaku mountain streams);
Gthr. '64, 283 (Demerara; Surinam; Es-equibo; Kiver Capin, Para;
River Capai; Bahia); Gthr. 68a, 239 (Trinidad); Steind. '74a, 28
(Eio Parahyba; Victoria; Bahia; Santarem; Villa Bella; Porto do

106 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Moz; Obidos; Cudajas; Curupira; Tabatiuga; Arary; Manes; Lago
Jose Assu); Steiud, '82a, 11 (Eio Amazouas; Iquitos).

Erythrinus viitaius C. & V., xix '46, 499, pi. 585 (Cayenne; Surinam;
Brazil).

Erythrinus cinereus (ji\\\. 58a, 53 (Trinidad).

Erythrinus kessleri.HteinH. 76b, 38 (Babia).

Habitat: Eio Parabyba to Guiana and Peru; Trinidad,

The young of this species is sometimes uniform dusky,
without spots on the fins. This is doubtless the condition
figured by Marcgrave.

Dr. Gunther identified ('64, 283) Erythrinus vittatus C. &
v., with E. anitceniatus. He also ('68a, 239) pronounces
specimens from Trinidad, presumably the cinereus of Gill,
identical with unitceniaius .

Dr. Stein dachner ('76b, 38) described his lessleri from
three specimens 2'' 8'''- 4'' 6"' long, collected at Bahia.
We have examined two of these specimens and also a num-
ber of others from the same locality, and have found teeth
on the pterygoids in very narrow patches. On comparison
with the smallest specimens from other localities, which
were larger however, the pterygoid patches of teeth were
a little wider. There cannot be the least doubt that the
Jcessleri of Steind. is the young of unitceniatus.

We have examined 90 specimens .07-. 31 m. from Sao
Matheos; Kio Doce; Bahia; Para; Cudajas; Obidos; Villa
Bella; Serpa; Santarem; Silva, Lake Saraca; Hj^anuary;
Maues; Porto do Moz; Curapera; Tabatinga; Lake Jose
Assu; Goyaz.

The typical specimens have a dark lateral band, which
when present is most marked in specimens .20 m. long.
This band is sometimes absent in specimens otherwise like
those with the band. There are three dark bands extend-
ing from the eye to the edge of the opercle; these are also
sometimes wanting. The dark opercular blotch can be
seen in all specimens. Specimens .20 m. long from
Sao Matheos are uniform dark-brown, the fins of a similar
color, without any spots. Other specimens from the same

REVIEW OF THE ERYTIIRININ.E. 107

locality have the dorsal aud anal spotted, and a dark spot
at the base of each scale, and another has the dark lateral
band. Two specimens, .09 m., from Goyaz, have the
bands of the head and opercular spot quite marked, and
the sides with more or less interrupted vertical streaks. In
tliese specimens no pterygoid teeth could be detected — a
condition which may be explained by their age.

In the young the pterygoid teeth are minute and in seem-
ingly but a single series, or entirely wanting: in the old the
patches are almost as wide as the palatine patches, and
contiguous. The young of this species can be readily dis-
tinguished from that ot salmoneus by the color.

2. Erythrinus salvus.

Erythrinus salvus Agassiz '29, 41 (Sau Fraucisco); M. & T. '48a, 632

(Forest Streams and Pouds).
Erythrinus gronovii C. & V. xix, '46, 500 (Cayenne); Gthr. '64, 284

(copied); Peters. '77a, 472 (Calobozo).
Habitat: San Francisco; Guiana; Orinoco.

The species salvus and gronovii both differ from unitceni-
atus in the color of the caudal. The first was based on a
specimen taken from the stomach of Macrodon. The differ-
ence in the localities seems to be the chief reason for separ-
ating the species.

3. Erythrinus erythrinus.

Cyj)rinus cylhidricus L. Mas. Ad. Fred. 77, pi. 30, 1754.

Cyprinus cephalush. 1758, 322; 1766, 527 (in part).

Erythrhius Gvonow. 1754, ii. 6, No. 154, pi. 7, tig 6 & 1763, 114.

Synodiis erythrinus Block & Sclin. 1801, 397.

Erythrinus salmoneus Gronow '54a, 170 (^Surinam); Gthr. '64, 284
(Surinam; Kio Cupai;; Steiud, '76b, ,39 (Gurupa; Santarem; Taba-
tinga; Cudajas; Uerauduba; Tajapuru; Lago Alexo; Manacapuru);
Cope '78a, 694 (Peruvian Amazou).

Erythrinus brevicauda Gthr. '64, 2^5 (hab.?); Cope, '78a, 698 (Peru-
vian Amazon;.

Habitat: Rio Janeiro to Surinam and Peru.

Dr. Steindachner gives a good description of this species
and identifies both the longipinnis and brevicauda with it.

108 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

As we have not been able to find any specimens with fins
approaching the length described for longipinnis we have
kept that species distinct.

Sixty-six specimens, .055-. 175 m. Surinam; British Gui-
ana; Gurupa; Taj apuru; Porto do Moz; Santarem; Cudajas;
Lago Alexo; Manacapuru; Teffe; Tabatinga; Rio Janeiro;
Ueranduba.

In the specimens examined the ventrals were never found
to extend beyond the origin of the anal, and the longest
dorsal ray is always shorter than the head. The young of
this species can readily be distinguished by the large
caudal and humeral spots; the sides of the young are usu-
ally marked with dark cross shades.

4. Erythrinus longipinnis.

Erythr'inus longipinnis Gthr. '64, 285 (Essequibo).
Habitat: Essequibo.

III. Pyrrhulina.

Pyrrhulina C. & V. xix. '46, 535 {filamentosa) .
Holotaxis Cope. '70a, 563 (mdcmostomus).^
Type: Pyrrhulina filamentosa C. & V.
This genus embraces all the smaller Erythriniuoi. The
largest scarcely exceed .10 m. in length.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

a. A black band through the opercle and orbit around the edge of the pre-

maxillary, another around edge of mandible; brownish above, yellow below;

lateral scales with orange base and brown edges, forming longitudinal lines.

D. 9; A. I. 10; Lat. 1. 2.5 (Cope). melanostoma 1.

aa. Band if present not extending around premaxillary.

h. A large black saddle below and in front of dorsal; eye 3^1 in head; chin
very prominent; maxillary teeth as large as those of the premaxillaries;
distance of origin of dorsal tin from snout h longer than its distance from
caudal. Pectorals reaching ventrals; ventrals filamentous, reaching anal.
Median dorsal and longest caudal rays filamentous. Scales orange at
base with broad blackish margins. Mandible black edged. Head 4;
depth 4; D. 10; A. 10; Lat. 1. 26, tr. 5. Icnta 2.

*The type of Holotaxis very probably has but a single series of teeth in
the upper jaw, in which case the genus Holotaxis may be retained distinct.

REVIEW OF THE ERYTHRININ^. 109

bb. Back without a saddle-shaped spot.
c. Intermaxillary with two series of teeth.

d. Lat. 1. 25-26 (30 according to C. & V.); a black baud from edge of
opercle around snout, the margin of the mandible being black;
origin of dorsal equidistant from base of middle caudal rays and
base of pectoral. D. 9; A. 10. filamentosa 3.

dd. Lat. 1. 23-25; a black band from end of opercle around snout and
lower jaw, continued on anterior portion of body; sides otherwise
light brown. Head 4-4^; depth 3i; D. 10; A. 9-11. semi/asciata 4.
^ ddd. Lat. 1. 20-21.

e. Caudal peduncle little if any longer than snout and eye; female
light brown; m^le with a dark lateral band and the ventrals
margined with black. Dorsal low, rounded, its spot indistinct,
confined to the middle of the anterior rays, origin of dorsal about
equidistant from base of middle caudal rays and base of pectoral.
Caudal lobes equal. Head 3f-4; depth S^; D. 10; A. 11-12.

brevis 5.
ee. Caudal peduncle little shorter than the head; height of dorsal
much greater than length of head, the spot large and distinct
reaching to tip of the anterior rays, origin of dorsal equidistant
from caudal and posterior margin of orbit. Head 4|; depth 4|;
D. 10; A. 10. maxima 6.

cc. Intermaxillary with a single series of teeth.

/. Origin of dorsal behind origin of ventrals.

g. Lat. 1. '^0; caudal peduncle equal to the head in length;
dorsal short and high, its highest rays sometimes reaching
caudal; origin of dorsal equidistant between bases of ventral
and caudal or nearer base of caudal. Upper caudal lobe much
longer than the lower. Dorsal spot margined with white be-
low; a black spot at base of lower caudal rays. Head 4-4;^;
depth 4J-6; D. 10; A. 11. natter er il .

gg. Lat. 1. 23-24; caudal peduncle about equal to the head with-
out opercle; dorsal comparatively low, its highest ray reach-
ing little if any more than half way to base of caudal; origin
of dorsal equidistant from caudal and anterior half of eye.
tipper caudal lobe not much longer than lower. A dusky
humeral spot; lateraPscales with a bright silvery basal spot.
Caudal and anal faintly barred. Head 4; depth 3f-3i; D. 10;
A. 11. guttata 8.

ff. Origin of dorsal over origin of ventrals, equidistant from base
of upper caudal rays and anterior margin of orbit. Eye 3 in
head. Olivaceous, a silvery spot at base of each scale; sides of
head silvery. Head 4^; depth 4^; D. I, 9; A. I, 9; Lat. 1. 25
(Cope). argyropsd.

110 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

1. Pyrrhulina melanostoma.

Holotaxis melanostomus Cope. '70a, 563 (Pebas).
Habitat: Maranon.

This species is known from the type only. The two bands
of the snout distinguish it.

2. Pyrrhulina laeta.

Holotaxis loeta Cope. '72a, 257 (Ambyiacu).
Habitat: Ambyiacu.

3. Pyrrhulina filamentosa.

Pyrrhulina filamentosa C. & V. xix. '46, 535, pi. 589(Surinam) ; Gtbr.

'64, 286 (Essequibo); Steind. '75a, 2 (Cayenne).
Habitat: The Gnianas.

The type of this species is said to possess 30 scales in a
longitudinal series. If this is so the specimens mentioned
by Drs. Giinther and Steindachner are distinct from it, as
they have but 25-26 scales.

4. Pyrrhulina semifasciata.

Pyrrhulina semifasciata Steind. '75a, 2. pi. 1, fig. l-2a (Stagnant water
near Barra do Rio Negro; Cudajiis; Gurupa; Tabatiuga).

Habitat: Amazons from Gurnpa to Tabatinga.

About two hundred specimens, the largest 09 m.

Tabatiuga; Cudaja«; Obidos; Hyanuary; Jose Fernandez; Manacapu-
ru; Jutahy; Curupira; Santarem; Silva, Lake Saraca; Villa Bella;
Gurupa.

Teeth of the outer dentary series decidedly longer and
stronger at the side of the jaw; teeth of the outer interjnax-
illary band strongest at the middle of the mouth. Usually
very light brown. Adult with a band extending from the
symphysis about half way to the caudal. In the male a
dusky area below this band. Sometimes one or two access-
ory bands similar to the median band. In the young this
band extends little beyond the first scale behind the head.
A dusky area at the occiput, another some distance in front
of the dorsal, an orange streak between them. The dorsal
spot is margined below by a slightly lighter area; the
caudal is frequently indistinctly barred; the outer or an-
terior rays of the fins frequently white.

REVIEW OF THE ERYTHRININ^. Ill

Ventrals sometimes reachiog anal, usually falling far short
of the anal.

5. Pyrrhulina brevis.

Pyrrhidlna brevis Steiud., '75a, 6, pi. 1, fig. 3-4 (Mouth of Rio Negro;

Cudaja^; Tabutinga; Rio Negro, near Mauaos).
Over twenty specimens, the largest .065 m.
Tabatinga; Lago Alexo; Cudajas; Manaos; Montalegre; Obidos; Villa

Bella.

This species is closely related to semifasciata and guttata.

In the female the sides are plain with sometimes lighter
spots at the base of the scales, as in guttata. There is usu-
ally a dark band on the side of the head. In the males
there is a dusky line along the head and the sides, regions
below the level of this line in the adult are also dusky.
The fins in the male are also slightly margined with dark.
The dorsal spot is indistinct. In three specimens .028 m.
long, from Tabatinga, there is a conspicuous dark serrate-
margined band from the caudal to the head, and a narrower
smooth-margined one on the head. The dorsal spots in
these specimens are much more marked than in the larger.
Four specimens from Montalegre, the smallest .03 m., have
the sides plain, and two male specimens from Cudajas, .055
m. , have a dark blotch behind the head. The fins are much
better developed in the male than in the female. The ven-
trals in the male reach to the anal, and the anal to the
caudal. The longest ray of the dorsal is little longer than
the head.

Our specimens do not agree with Dr. Steinclachner's
figures in the position of the dorsal and anal.

6. Pyrrhulina maxima sp. n.

Type No. G343; one specimen. .08 m. to base of caudal. Tabatinga.
Boiirget.

This species is closely related to P. brevis and P. nattereri.
Its color and dentition distinguish it from nattereri, while
its long caudal peduncle, the position of the dorsal and
color serve to distinguish it from brevis. The scales are

112 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

partly lost, so an exact count is impossible. As already
stated, Dr. Steindachner's figures of P. brevis do not agree
with the specimens examined by us. The comparisons
made in the key are based on the specimens examined,

7. Pyrrhulina nattereri.

FijrrhuHaa natlererl Steiud '75a, 8, pi. ii, fig. 5-5a (mouth of Rio Ne-
gro; Obidos).

Habitat: Amazous from Obidos to Cudajas.

One hundred and sixty specimens, the largest .055 m. Rio Trom-
betas; Villa Bella; Manaos; Silva, Lake Sarac.i; Hyanuary; Cud-
ajas; Jatuaraua; Obidos.

This is the most slender species of Pyrrhulina. It can
easily be recognized by the color. Each scale has a silvery
center and dusky margin. In some specimens the color
markings of the lower half of the sides are obliterated by a
dusky lateral band, the region above it being lighter than
usual. The fins vary greatly in height. In the largest
specimen the height of the dorsal is little less than half the
length, and the ventrals reach beyond the base of the anal.
Usually the dorsal does not reach to the caudal, and the
ventrals not to the anal.

8. Pyrrhulina guttata.

Pyrrhulina guttata Steind. 75a, 10, pi. ii, tig. 6-6a (Obidos; Cudajas;

Tabatinga; Rio Negro).
Habitat: Amazous from CJurupa to Tabatinga, Kio Negro.

The relative abundance of this species may be seen from
the number of specimens from each locality.

Gurupa, 3 specimens; Tajapuru, 11; Villa Bella, 6; Obi-
dos, 399; Santarem, 1; Manacapuru, 24; Cudajas, 8; Tab-
atinga, 31; Curupira, 2.

The largest specimen is from Cudajas, and measures .098
m. The color varies greatly, the markings are more constant.
The specimens from Cudajas are light straw colored; those
from Obidos dark brown, lighter below. There is usually
a silvery white spot at the base of each scale of the sides;
they are sometimes found on the median scales of the tail

REVIEW OF THE ERYTHRININ^. 113

only, and sometimes entirely wanting. The sides of the
head and snout are always plain. The dorsal spot varies in
size and intensity of color; the middle caudal rays have
three faint dusky cross-bars; the middle of the last anal
ray is usually milky white, the white being bordered above
and below by dusky areas; tips of the outer ventral rays
usually milky white.

Fins always low, the ventrals not nearly reaching the vent.

9. Pyrrhulina argyrops.

Pi/rrhulina argyrops Cope '78a, 694 (Peruvian Amazon).
Habitat: Marailou.

This species is known only from the types; it may be distinguished
by the relative position of its dorsal.

IV. Lebiasina.

Lehiasina C. & V. xix, '46, 531 (bimacidata) .
Type: Lehiasina bimacidata C . <fcV.

The single species of this genus is found in the western
streams of Peru and Ecuador.

1. Lebiasina bimaculata.

Lehiasina bimaculata G. & V, xix, '46.531, pi. 587 (Remac, near Lima);

Gthr. '64, 286 (Bay of Callao; Western Andes of Ecuador) : Steind.

'79a, 22 (Rio Remac, near Callao and Lima; Rio Jurumilla; Pasca-

mayo).
Habitat: Western slopes of Peru and Ecuador; Callao Bay.

Sixty-two specimens, .05-. 19 m. Kio Remac, near Callao
and Lima.

In the general shape this species resembles the species
of 3Iacrodo)i and Erythrinus. Sides with a faint band; a
conspicuous black spot at base of middle caudal rays; a
fainter one behind tlie head.

D. 10; A. 11. Lat. 1. 25.

V. Stevaedia.

Stevardia Gill, '58a, 63 (albipinnis) .

Corijnojwma Gill, '58a, 65 (riisei); Gthr., '64,287 (sp.).

2d Ser.. Vol. II. [ 9 ] November 8, 1889.

114 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Nematopoma Gill, '58a, 68 (searlesii).

Type: Stevardia albipinnis Gill.

As far as known, the members of this genus, four in num-
ber, are confined to the Island of Trinidad. The species^
were at first described under three generic names. We
have followed Dr. Giinther in uniting them. The nam a
Stevardia, however, has priority over Corynopoma.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

a. Anal rays decreasing in height backward; caudal lobes subequal.

6. Opercle with a triangular, spiniform dilation behind. Eye 3J in head,.
1 in interorbital. Dorsal ^ higher than long. D. 10; A. 20; 1.1. 40; taiJ
with a dark lateral stripe; fins white. {Stevardia.) albipinnis 1^

bb. Opercle with a posterior triangular dilation, continued in a more or
less long and slender compressed process; last two or three anal rays^
produced. {Corynopoma.)

c. D. 8; A. 27. Auid three times as long as the dorsal; opercular pro-
cess deflected, advancing but little beyond the inner angle of the base^
of the pectoral; color as in albipinnis. riisei 2.

cc. D. 9; A. 31. Dorsal more than twice as high as long; opercular
process deflected at its base, then advancing upward with a curve
and terminating on a line with the base of the ventral; color as above.

veedonii 3.
aa. Anal rajs increasing in height posteriorly; lower caudal lobe much
longer than upper; opercular process continued in a filament which ex-
tends beyond the dorsal. D. 10; A. 26-29; Lat. 1. 42. Eye less than S
in head, more than 1 in interorbital. Highest dorsal ray five times the
length of the base of the dorsal. Base of anal 3J that of the dorsal, its
height not much more than half that of the dorsal. Pectorals extending
as far as the ventrals, beyond the origin of the anal. searlesii 4.^

1. Stevardia albipinnis.

Stevardia albipinnis Gill '58a, 65 (Trinidad).
Corynopoma albipinne Gthr. '64, 287 (copied).

2. Stevardia riisei,

Corynopoma riisei Gill '58a, 66 (Trinidad); Gthr. '64, 287 (copied).
Liitk. '74a, 224.

3. Stevardia veedonii.

Corynopoma veedonii Gill '58a, 67 (Trinidad); Gthr. '64, 287 (copied).,

4. Stevardia searlesii.

Nematopoma searlesii Gill '58a, 69 (Trinidad).

Corynopoma searlesii Gthr. '64, 288 (copied); Liitk. '74a, 222 witk
fig. (Trinidad).

REVIEW OF THE ERYTIIRLMN.^^.. 115

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Agassiz '29-Selecta Genera et Species Piscium, quae in itiuere ]yev Brasiliam
coUegit J. B. de Spix. 1829.

Bloch 1794— NuttirgeschicUte der Auslaudiscbea Fiscbe. 8ter Theil.

Bloch & Schneider 1301 — Sj-steiua Ichtbyologioe.

Castelnau '55 — Poissous uouveaux ou rares recueillir pendant I'expedition
dans les parties de I'Amerique du Sud. Paris, 1855.

Cope. '70a— Contributions to the Ichthyology of the MaraSon. Proc. Am.
Philos. Soc, vol. 11, 1870.

'72a — Fishes of the Anibyiacu River. Proc. Philad. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1871.

'78a — Synopsis of the Fishes of the Peruvian Amazon obtained by Pro-
fessor Orton during his expeditions of 1873 and 1877. Proc. Am.
Philos. Soc, 1878.

CuviER ct Valenciennes '40— Histoire Naturc-lle des Poissons, xix, 1816.

Gill '58a— Synopsis of the Fresh Water Fishes of the Western Portion of
the Island of Trinidad, W. I. Annals of the Lye. Nat. Hist., New
York, vol. vi.

Gronow 1754 — Museum Ichthyologicum.
1763 — Zoophylacium.

'54a— Systema Ichthyologicum, edited by Gray, 1854.
GuENTHER '64 — Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum, v.

'68a— Description of Fresh Water Fishes from Surinam and Brazil.

Proc. Zool. Soc, 1868.
'80a— A contribution to the Knowledge of the Fishes of the Rio Plata.
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1880.

LiNN.EUS 1754 — Museum Adolphi Frieder ci.
1758 — Systema Nature, ed. x.
1766— Systema Naturae, ed. xii.

LuETKEN '74a — Noge nue eller mindrefulstandig kieudte Characius. Vidensk.
Medd. Nat. For., Kjobenhavn, 1874.
'75a— Et Bidrag til Velhas Flodens Fiske. Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 5,
xii, 1875.

Maecgrave — HistoriiTB Rerum Natur.ilinm Brasilias, Libri viii, 1648.

Mueller '42a — Beobachfungen iiber die Schwimblase der Fische mit Bezng
auf einige Neue Fisch. Gattungen, Miilltrr's Arch. 1842, pp. 307-
329.

116 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

McELLER & Troschel '45a— Iloiae Ichthyologicae, i, 1815.

'48a— Fische in Schomburgk's Reise iu British Guiana, iii, 1848.

ScHOMBaRGK '41a— The Natural History of the Fishes of Guiana, Part I,
Naturalists' Library, Ichthyology, iii. 1841.

Spix— See Agassiz.

Steindachner '74a — Die Siisswasserfische des Siidustlichen Brasiliens,

Sitzb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissench. I, Abth. vol. Ixix. 1874.
•75a— Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Characinen des Amazonenstromes,

1. c. vol. Ixxii, 1875.
'76b— Die Siisswasserfische des Siidostlichen Brasiliens, III, 1. c. vol.

Ixxiv. 1876.
'78a— Zur Fisch-fauna des Magdalenen-Stromes, Denkschr Math.

Naturw. Classe, k. Akad. Wiss. Wien., vol. xxxix, 1878.
'79a — Beitrage zur Kentniss der Flussfische SLidamerika's, 1. c. vol.

xli, 1879.
'80a — Zur Fisch-fauna des Cauca und der Fliisse bei Guayaquil, 1. c.

vol. xlii, 1880.
'82a — Beitrage zur Kentniss der Flussfische Siidamerika's, IV, 1. c. vol.

xlvi.

Valenciennes '33— Humboldt Observations Zoologiques, ii, 1833.

EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES.

jpr.— premaxillary.

mx. — maxillary.

m. — mandible, side view.

m'— mandible, viewed from above.

1. — Macrodon malabaricus Bloch.

2.—Erythrinus uniiceniatus Spix.

3. — PyrrhuUna guttata steindachner^ X 4.

4. — Pyrrhulina maxima sp. nov.

5. — Lehiasina himaculata C. & V., X 4.

A COLLECTION OF PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA, 1889.

BY TOWNSHEND S. BllANDEGEE.

On the morning of January 11th, the writer landed at the
small settlement known as Magdalena Bay, situated upon
Magdalena Island near the Avestern coast of Southern Baja
California. The sky w^as cloudless, the sun was bright, the
air warm and delightful, and best of all, the shores of the
bay and sides of the hills abounded with strange and inter-
esting plants in full bloom. Magdalena Island is a range
of hills or mountains, a mile or more wide and about twelve
miles long, continued northward as a narrow strip of sand
to the high, rocky promontory, Cape San Lazaro, then as
a sand flat again to the Boca de Soledad. Most of this long
distance is separated from the mainland by a channel of
water, called upon the map " Lagoon." These lagoons are
continued northward to San Jorge, forming a smooth inland
passage for boats. There are three " bocas " north of
Magdalena Bay through w^liich the tides rush in and out,
meeting at certain well known points. These lagoons or
" esteros " are generally fringed with bushes or small trees
of Bhizopliora, fifteen feet high, that at low tide seem like a
small forest standing on a framework or on stilts. In some
places the branches and roots, near high tide mark, are
covered with shellfish of some kind, giving rise to a com-
mon saying that oysters grow on trees. In the mountains
and on the sand flats about the town of Magdalena Bay, one
hundred and fifty-six species of plants were found, many of
them to be seen at no other place, excepting Santa Mar-
garita Island. No large trees grow on Magdalena Island,
and the only arborescent vegetation is Veatchia, but Bursera
HindMana, Jatropha canescens, Mayteiuis and Fouqideria be-
come almost tree-like. The sand flats are covered with an
annual Jhronia that fills the air with its fragrance; along

2d Ser., Vol. II. November 12, 1889.

118 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

the beach are lines of the pink flowers of Hofmeisteria;
yellow and white species of Perityle grow almost every-
where; the curious and handsome Goiigylocarpusfruticulosus,
hitherto almost unknown, is one of the most common plants,
and the blue flowers of Jacquemontia ahutiloides grow side
by side with the scarlet blossoms of Mamillaria Halei. At
this time most of the plants are in bloom, but not even
space enough to notice the striking ones can be afforded
here.

The collection of Magdalena plants having been completed,
Mr. J. P. Hale kindly allowed me to become a passenger
on his launch, which was then ready to leave for San Gre-
gorio. Progress up the lagoon was slow, the wind was
unfavorable, the tides were always the wrong way, but, in
consequence, frequent landings furnished opportunities for
collecting new and rare jDlants from the sandy shores. Finallj",
after a week's voyage, and having gone to sea through the
surf at the Boca de las Animas, San Gregorio was reached
and the work of collecting resumed. Here so many plants
appeared it seemed a different flora from that of Magdalena
Island, and species before seen varied so much from their
island form as to have a strange appearance. The sandy
soil is covered with the large flowered annual (Enothera
sceptrostlgma, which, after opening its flowers at nine o'clock
in the morning, colors the hills yellow. Prosopis, Parkin-
sonian Atamisquea, Schmpfia are common bushes or trees,
but are exceeded in height by the abundant Cereus Pringlei.
Jatropha, Bnrsera, Opuntia, etc., are more common than on
the island and, as is the case with most of the vegetation
within eight or ten miles of the ocean, have growing upon
them an abundance of the lichen " orchilla," that affords
employment for most of the inhabitants along the coast
of this region. This orchilla is picked from the cactus and
bushes, sent to Magdalena Bay and from there shipped to
England to be used in the process of dyeing.

One of the interesting plants common about San Gregorio,

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 119

is Ipomcea Jicama, a woody species climbing about other
plants, and rarelj producing large white flowers. Its roots
l)ear tubers that are much sought for on account of their
£ue flavor and watery juice. One weighing six pounds is
said to have been found, and traditions of a ten-pounder are
-extant, but the largest seen weighed two or three pounds,
and they are usually much smaller. These tubers must
grow^ very fast during the rainy and Spring season, for their
location, often three feet or more from the base of the stems,
is discovered by the growth cracking the soil. New stems
never spring from them, and their use to the parent plant is
uncertain. Perhaps it is to store up moisture to be drawn
upon during the dry season. These round tubers or " jica-
mas" are always eaten raw, and resemble in taste a very
tender turnip somewhat sweetened. Wherever the plant
grows near habitations or along trails, numerous little holes
may be seen around the plant at distances varying from two
to four feet, showing the places from which the tubers have
been dug.

From San Gregorio, with a Mexican guide and three
mules, a trip was made to Purisima, an old mission, having
now a population of two or three hundred persons living
along the small stream that irrigates their vineyards, fig
and orange trees. On leaving the sea coast new plants ap-
pear within a few miles; among the first is ^'Pitahaya dulce,"
a species of cactus producing edible fruit, and soon Dr.
Kellogg' s large yellow-flowered Ipomsea (/. aurea) is seen
in abundance, climbing over the leguminous bushes. After
two or three days spent in collecting about Purisima, the
trip was continued up the canon and around over the high
mesas, black with volcanic rock, and down into the canon
of Comondu. The most conspicuous plant of these high
mesas, at that time of the year, was an Agave about ten feet
high, with long radical leaves and a panicle of half a thous-
and dark yellow flowers. Comondu is a settlement nine
miles in length along a little brook in a narrow caiion, three

120 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

to five hundred hundred feet high, with its steep slopes
crested by a line of perpendicular cliffs. It was at the base
of these cliffs that the interesting Lopezia clavata and Poly-
gala apopetala were found. From Comondu to San Jorge,
the head of the " estero," thence by boat to Magdalena —
and the first excursion was finished.

At Magdalena Bay I found Walter E. Bryant and Charles-
D. Haines, who had been sent upon a collecting expedition
by the California Academy of Sciences, and together we
went to Santa Margarita Island. I had expected to find on
that large island a more southern flora, and was somewhat
disappointed to see repeated in its vegetation the plants of
Purisima and Comondu, together with those of Magdalena
Island, but some few not seen before were collected, and
most of them proved to be undescribed. Veatchia grows-
larger upon Santa Margarita than at any other locality;
some fine old trees were two feet in diameter and twenty
feet high. 3Iaytenus, called '* mangle dulce," also grows to
a very large size, and in some portions of the island nearly
all the vegetation was found to be unusually luxuriant. Re-
turning to Magdalena, we went up the " estero " to San
Jorge and then agaiu to Comondu.

Two weeks diligent collecting along the cliffs and upon
the mesas, afforded a very complete representation of the
flora of Comondu and vicinity, including many plants that
were not in bloom at the time of the previous visit. Then,
with Mr. Bryant, Mr. Haines, a pack train and guides, the
journey northward through the center of the peninsula waa
begun. The start was made with some misgivings as to the
result, for we knew there was a ride of nearly five hundred
miles before us through a dry, desolate, rocky and almost
uninhabited region.

From Comondu, for the first week, no great change was
observed in the flora, few plants were collected and these
were mostly species of Atriplex. At a small place called
San Jose de Gracia, Rhus laurina was first seen, Viscainoa

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 121

had become abundant and we had passed through several
" cardon" (Cereus Pringlei) forests. A fine large ash grew
here and at San Benito, a canon that would have well re-
paid a more careful search. From this place to San Ignacio,
forests of the tree yucca were the characteristic vegetation.
San Ignacio, an old mission, probably has a larger popula-
tion than that of Purisima, and looks like an oasis in a desert.
It is a forest of date palms, with gardens where the soil is
not too alkaline. In the distance could be seen the ex-
tensive saline flats about the San Ignacio lagoon, apparently
barren, but doubtless producing many interesting cheno-
pods, for which there was no time to make a '* side trip "
Some plants, lovers of alkaline soils, such as Wislizenia,
Hymenoclea, Atriplex. etc., were common about San Ignacio.
DilFerent Calif ornian genera appeared every day as we moved
northward over the high mesas; Pedocarya, Cliorizanthe,
Eriogonum, Allium and others, became abundant before
San Julio was reached.

There is a canon at San Julio eight hundred feet deep and
apparently with nearly perpendicular walls. A day's " stop
over " enabled me to work my way in and out of it down the
cliffs among the cacti and around bushes and rocks. Very
many interesting plants w^ere found in the bottom of the
canon, but the most interesting of all was Prumis ilici/olius,
growing here — its most southern known habitat — in exactly
its Santa Cruz Island form. Many of them were more than
a foot in diameter and fifteen feet high, with rough bark
and lanceolate entire leaves. A few clays later our progress
brought us to plenty of it, growing in the usual bush form.
At San Pablo Veatchia re-appeared on the mountains, and
was afterwards often seen until we reached San Fernando.

The trail from San Ignacio passed over high mesas, down
and up deep rocky caiions all the way to San Pablo, and
mostly over sandy plains from there to Calmalli. A great
change in the vegetation took place in this vicinity, and
many of the characteristic plants of the south, that were

122 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

abundant even on the sandy plains about Cardon Grande,
had now disappeared, and thenceforward, until we reached
the gulf coast at the soda springs of Calamujuet, the flora
resembled that so familiar to us in southern California.

At CsLlamuj-aet,Daleaspmosa, Olneya Tesota,Chilopsis salig-
om and other Arizona plants formed a large part of the
vegetation, although the most conspicuous of all was
Veatcliia, which now^ having lost its leaves, was coming into
flower— the trees covered with pink blossoms, forming a
perfect blaze of color which could be plainly seen miles
away.

Leaving Calamujuet and Santa Maria, it soon became
evident that the flora of the Gulf coast did not continue far
westward, the plants of San Diego becoming more and more
abundant to the end of our ride at San Quintin, which
place, our point of embarkation, after a toilsome journey of
two months, we reached May 22d, rejoiced to find ourselves
and collections in safety.

Very little has heretofore been known concerning the
botany of southern Lower California. The small collection
made by Mr. Hinds, of H. M. S. Sulphur, at Cape San
Lucas, and more especially at Magdalena Bay, in November,
1839. and that of Mr. Xantus from the Cape in 1860, afforded
nearly all that was known concerning its vegetation until
last year Walter E. Bryant, the ornithologist, made a small
but valuable collection from Magdalena and Santa Marga-
rita Islands and Comondu, and Dr. Palmer visited Los
Angeles Bay and Muleje, and this year Lagoon Head. All
these collections abound in rare and interesting plants.

The distribution of a flora depends somewhat upon the
topographical features, and it may be necessary to briefly
explain them here. The Peninsula is a long strip of land,
in places not more than sixty miles wide, consisting of a
mountain range, with its backbone and peaks often two to
four thousand feet high, near to the Gulf shore, thence
sloping more or less gradually to the Pacific. West of San

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 123

Ignacio, the Santa Clara Mts., a high range, run westward
toward Cerros Island, and all drainage from the interior,
north of San Ignacio as far as to El Campo Aleman, comes
into the San Ignacio Lagoon. El Campo Aleman is on the
dividing line between the drainage to San Ignacio on the
south and Black Warrior Lagoon on the north. The
climate is much warmer on the Gulf coast than on the
Pacific.

In conformity to the physical features, modified by cli-
mate and difi'erences of latitude, the flora of the region may
be subdivided more or less distinctly as follows: That of
the Pacific coast, resembling that of the more northern
shores, with some species from the south very abundant,
plants that are also found as far north as Florida, on the
Atlantic side, such as Laguncularia, Av{ce7inia, BMzophora,
Maytemis, etc. ; the Arizona flora comes down the Gulf side
and spreads over to the west, south of El Campo Ale-
man; the Sonora and Guaymas flora, as represented by Dr.
Palmer's collections, will probably be found abundant on
the southern Gulf coast, and certainly appears to be well
represented in the interior in the same latitude. El Campo
Aleman, on the dividing line between northern and south-
ern drainage, is a well marked point of separation be-
tween the flora of the north and that of the south. The
flora north of this place, except on the Gulf coast, resembles
that of the region about San Diego.

Some species, stragglers from a more southern Mexican
flora, grow^ in the south, and doubtless many will prove
to be endemic to the Peninsula w^ien all the neighboring
mainland regions shall have been thoroughly explored.

No running streams come down the canons and gulches
into the Pacific Ocean. The waters that irrigate the gar-
dens of Purisima and Comondu disappear as soon as they
leave the volcanic rock; and, during the trip northward,
\\ ater was found only at few springs and in deep holes in
rocks, filled at the time of the rainy season, some of them

124 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

like Agua Dulce, stagnant and green, because, as the guide
said, it had not rained enough for six years to make the pool
overflow. Plants in bloom can be found at any time of the
year, but the majority, and especially the annuals, blossom
after the fall and winter rains have begun. The luxuriance
of the flora depends upon the amount of the rainfall, prob-
ably even more than does the familiar flora of California.

At Magdalena Bay and San Gregorio, annuals were nearly
all well developed in January and February, and by April
most of them had dried up and disappeared. Many shrubs
were in mature fruit early in January, and had evidently
flowered in November and December. Most of the different
species of cactus and many perennials do not blossom until
the hot weather of April and May. Farther northward,
of course, the seasons are later, and winter - bloomers are
not so numerous.

Cactaceoe. are extremely abundant and the most noticeable
portion of the flora north and south, often forming forests
and impassable thickets and, in May, adorning the landscape
with showy flowers. Agaves are common and in some lo-
calities cover the ground; when blooming they are always
conspicuous. Leguminous trees of several genera are
abundant and furnish much of the wood used for various
purposes. The multitudes of cactus bear spines, straight
or hooked, almost every shrub or bush is thorny, and
even the ground is often covered Avith old prickly burrs of
an annual grass (Cenchrus).

Some of the native plants afl'ord products useful to the
inhabitants. The collecting of " orchilla " gives employ-
ment to many persons. Several species of cactus bear
delicious fruits, and the juice of the plants will quench
thirst in time of extreme need; the bark of Veatchia, Lysi-
loina and Bursera is used for tanning hides; " jicamas " are
liked by everyone; Maytenus, Frosopis, Cereus and Opuntia
supply firewood; the stems of a Cereus are used for stupi-
fying fish; several species of Agave are responsible for the

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 125

intoxicating "mescal;" the leaves and twigs of Prosopis
are excellent grazing for mules, and " burros" live upon Bur-
sera Hindsiana when grass has disappeared. Lippia gives a
fragrance to cooking meats, and different plants under the
name of " damiana" are used as a substitute for tea. Many
have reputed medicinal virtues and supply nearly all the
medicines used. Larrea and Euphorbia are held in high
esteem for their curative properties, and it is difficult to
find any common, ill-smelling plant that, for some ailment
or other, is not " buena para medecina."

The vegetation of a country shows unerringly the charac-
teristics of its climate, and the list of plants collected in
Lower California recalls the dry and arid regions of Arizona
and Sonora.

The accompanying map, a reduced copy of one published
by the Coast Survey and carried during the trip, shows the
route travelled. The many names might convey an impres-
sion that it was a thickly settled country, but it must be
remembered that they are only the local names for springs,
water holes and in some instances of " dry camps," where
the distance to next water was a day and a half of travel.
Very few people live on the Peninsula between San Ignacio
and San Fernando, and. during two weeks of travel, some-
times not a single person w^as to be seen.

One of the results of this trip has been the re-collecting of
the little-known plants from Magdalena Bay, described in
the Botany of H. M. S. Sulphur, and many points left
doubtful by the fragmentary specimens at Mr. Bentliam's
command, have been thus cleared up. It is much to be regret-
ted that the limited facilities for transportation and oppor-
tunities for drying plants, especially on the long overland
journey, prevented the making of many duplicates.

Among the many persons to whom thanks are due for
courtesies and assistance, special mention must be made of
Mr. J. P. Hale, wdiose guest I was during my sojourn in his
extensive domains.

126 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

In the following list, the most southern habitat at which
they were seen is given for California and Arizona plants.

Clematis pauciflora Nutt. — San Sebastian, El Kancho
V^iejo.

Delphinium cardinale Hook. The flowers are sometimes
yellow. — San Pablo, San Quintin.

Delphinium Parishii Gray. — San Enrique and northward.

Delphinium Consolida L. — Escaped, and growing along
irrigating ditches at San Pablo.

Crossosoma Bigelovii AVatson. — El Eancho Yiejo, Paraiso.

Berberis Fremonti Torr. Growing in great rounded
clumps 10 feet high — San Sebastian, El Rancho Viejo.

Eschscholtzia Californica Cham. — This plant was first
seen growing in its perennial form on the banks of irrigating
ditches at San Pablo, where it had probably been introduced.
As a native plant it appeared at El Campo Aleman, and
northward became common, larger flowered, annual or per-
ennial with torus of variable width.

Argemone Mexicana L. var. alba DC. Very abundant
and handsome, growing to a height of 6 or 8 feet. Not seen
north of Calmalli. — San Gregorio, Comondu.

Platystemon Californicus Benth. — Socorro.

Draba cuneifolia Nutt. With hix filiform racemes eight
inches long and thin leaves. — Growing in damp localities at
San Pablo and San Esteban.

Cardamine Palmeri Watson. ? Specimens too young for
certain determination. — San Gregorio.

Arabis, sp. A single specimen resembling a purple-flow-
ered Cardamine, and perhaps the species noticed in Bot.
Sulph., p. 6. —Magdalena Island.

Arabis arcuata Gray. — El Rancho Viejo.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 127

Arabis, sp. — San Ignacio.
Sisymbrium reflexum Nutt. — San Gregorio.
Sisymbrium canescens Nutfc. —San Gregorio.
Thelypodium, sp. — Magdalena Island.
Nasturtium tanacetifolium (Wall.) ? — Purisima.

Nasturtium (?) laxum Watson. Evidently the same plant,
but the segments of the lower leaves are more numerous
than described. The immature pods are more than 12 ram.
in length, slightly 4 -angled, valves 1 -nerved, cotyledons
incumbent, seeds in one row, 10 to 12 in each cell. — San
Gregorio.

Nasturtium curvisiliqua Nutt. var. lyratum Watson.—
San Ignacio.

Lyrocarpa Xanti, (Plate II). Annual, branching near the
base: stems decumbent, a foot or two long: leaves, sepals
and ovary somewhat pubescent, with branching hairs:
leaves all petioled, cordate-lyrate, repand, 2-4 inches long,
1-2 inches wide: flowers in an elongated leafless raceme,
dark purple: petals obovate-lanceolate, 9 lines long: pods
nearly an inch in length, not constricted above, cells 5-10
seeded; seeds wingless.

This is probably the plant mentioned in Bot. Cal. 44
and Proc. Am. Acad. Y, 153. The bright colored, hand-
some flowers and habit of growing in masses make it one of
the most showy annuals of the region. The seeds difl*er
from the generic description in being wingless. — San Gre-
gorio and Santa Margarita Island.

Lyrocarpa Coulteri Hook. & Harv. Suffrutescent, much
branched from the base and perennial. — San Gregorio and
northward.

Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. — San Gregorio.

Thysanocarpus curvipes Hook.— San Julio.

]28 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Thysanocarpus laciniatus Nutt. A small leaved form. —
El Kancho Yiejo.

BiscuTELLA Californica Beiitli. & Hook. — Sand dunes of
the southern coast and in the interior. A smoother form,
2 feet high with small pods, grows on the ocean side of
Santa Margarita Island.

Cleome arborea (Nutt.) — Calamujuet to El Kosario.

Cleome tenuis Watson. — Comondu.

WiSLiZENiA Palmeri Gray. — San Juauico, San Ignacio,
Calamujuet. The specimens from San Juanico are more
slender and branching than those from Calamujuet; in the
former, all the leaves are trifoliate; in the latter, the upper
ones are often simple. The pods vary much in size, reticu-
lation and tuberculation, and in each cell two seeds often
mature. In the specimens from San Juanico, the opening
between the valves is evident, but in those from Calamujuet
it is completely closed, even after the falling of the valves,
by the persistent funicle. The distinction between some
of these forms and W. refracta is very slight, and the great
differences observed in the septum and in the relative stout-
ness of the style, almost lead one to doubt whether even the
little-known Oxystylis lutea may not be more closely related
than is generally supposed.

Atamisquea emarginata Miers. Specimens of this ill-
smelling bush have also been collected from neighboring
regions by Mr. Pringle and Dr. Palmer. It is undoubtedly
this species, but the structure of the flower shows so much
variation from the type described and ligured in Linn.
Trans. XXI, i, t. 1, that a somewhat detailed description is
rendered necessary. The tw^o outer large valvate sepals
entirely cover the two inner alternate somewhat obovate
ones, that differ from the figure in being much shorter and
jiaving a different form, but are of a similar color to
the outer ones, and with them deciduous. Opposite to

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 129

the sepals are four tooth-like processes, alternating with
the four petals and apparently in the same whorl; the
two upper petals are somewhat longer than the lower. The
irregularity of the flower is apparently caused by the elon-
gating stipe of the ovary developing to the lower side, lifting
and passing beneath the inferior tooth-like process that
embraces it as an oblique ring; this tooth longer than the
upper and four times longer than the lateral ones, becoming
also superior. The stamens are six, gradually tapering,
from a somewhat bulbous base, not abruptly as in the
figure, and in the numerous flowers examined, no trace of
staminodia has been found. The petals are all curved
to the upper side. — San Gregorio.

Oligomeris subulata Bois. — Magdalena Island and
throughout the whole region traversed.

Helianthemum nutans. Densely and minutely stellate
pubescent throughout: stems woody, much branched, about
9 inches high: leaves linear, obtuse, slightly tapering to the
base, 5-7 mm. long, 1mm. wide: pedicels solitary from op-
posite to the axils of the upper alternate leaves, recurved,
14 mm. long, jointed near the base: inner sepals 6 mm.
long, ovate, acute, the outer linear, half as long: petals
slightly exceeding the sepals, broadly caneate, acute:
stamens about 20: seeds covered with white strap-shaped
papilhe.

The lower portion of the small bushes is covered with
fascicles of axillary leaves, that joersist after the primary
ones have fallen, and give to the plants an cricoid appear-
ance.— Very abundant in rock}^ soil about the plains of San
Julian .

loNiDiUM POLYGAL^FOLiUM Yent. /. llneave Torr. — Santa
Margarita Island.

PoLYGALA Xanti Gray. Agrees nearly with the descrip-
tion of this species in Proc. Am. Acad., V. 153. The speci-

2d Ser.. Vol. II. [ 10 ] November 21, 1889.

130 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

mens from Santa Margarita Island are much taller, with
narrower and more scattered leaves. — Magdalena and Santa
Margarita Islands.

PoLYGALA DESERTORUM. Stems erect, branched from a
somewhat woody base, slightly pubescent, a foot high:
leaves linear-lanceolate, 18 mm. long, tapering to the base,
becoming bract-like above: flowers upon pedicels 2-4 mm.
long, soon reflexed: sepals glabrous, all purple, the outer
round, saccate at base, 4 mm. long, the lateral oblong,
mucronate, 5 mm. long: upper petals pubescent near the
base, nearly as long as the keel, connected nearly half their
length, purple; keel rugose-thickened, yellow; crest re-
curved, prominent: style tortuous, recurved, hollow, some-
what two lobed; ovary stipitate: capsule elliptical, emarg-
inate: seed densely hairy, the short caruncle with two small
wings not J the length of the seed. — Growing upon the plain
near Agua Dulce. Its persistent purple sepals make this a
handsome species.

PoLYGALA APOPETALA, (Plate III.) Frutescent, 2-3 feet
high, with straight, slender, grayish-pubescent branches:
leaves lanceolate, entire, obtuse, attenuate to a short petiole,
alternate, remote, nearly glabrous: flowers large, pink, on
slender pedicels a half inch or more in length : sepals 4, the
upper and lower small, equal, cymbiform, with ciliate mar-
gins, the lateral very large, nearly orbicular: petals 5, all
separate, the two upper strap-shaped, revolute outward, |
as long as the keel, the lateral ones pointed, less than half
as long, lying on the stamineal tube and with it embraced
by the large unguiculate cymbiform keel, which is open by
the whole of the upper and a part of the lower edge, and
not cristate nor appendaged: stamens 8, monadelphous for
half their length, united with the petals only at the base,
anthers often apiculate, sometimes by a process as long as
the anther, opening by a transverse notch near the middle:
ovary sessile; style curved, nearly simple, pubescent on its

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 131

upper third: seeds 2, large, ovoid, slightly flattened, pubes-
cent, caruncle minute, hardly lobed. — Comondu.

Krameria parvifolia Benth.— Magdalena and Santa Mar-
garita Islands.

Kramerlv. Bico LOR Watson. The specimens are without
fruit, but appear to be the same as Palmer's No. 37, 1885.
The bush is, however, different in habit and lies prostrate
upon the ground, with leaves and flowers at the ends of the
branches.

Frankenia grandiflora Cham. & Schlecht. — El Eosario.

Frankenia Palmeri Watson. — San Gregorio, El Eosario.

Cerastium, sp. — Growing under rocks in San Julio Canon.
Plants very weak and straggling: seeds rough. Perhaps a
form of some described species.

Drymaria viscosa Watson. Growing in sandy soil.--
Magdalena Island, San Gregorio.

Drymaria crassifolia Benth. D. Veatchii Curran, Proc.
Cal. Acad., 2d Ser. , Vol. I, 227. Prostrate, spreading and
very variable, some of its varieties perhaps including
D. holosteoides Benth., from Cape San Lucas, described as
closely related. — -Magdalena Island, Purisima.

Drymaria debilis. Annual, erect, a span high, sparingly
branched, with scattered rather long hairs throughout:
leaves 6-8 mm. long, and often as broad, acuminate, sub-
cordate or cuneate at base, tapering into a petiole longer
than the blade: flowers few on pedicels an inch long or less:
sepals ovate acuminate, hardly nerved, a line long, shorter
than the bifid petals: capsule longer than the sepals, 10-20
seeded: seeds minutely roughened. — Purisima.

TissA DiANDRA (Guss.)— Pozo Grande.

TissA MACROTHECA (Hornem.) — Socorro.

TissA RUBRA (L.) — San Gregorio.

132 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

LcEFLiNGiA SQUARROSA Nutt. — Calmalli.

Pentac^na ramosissima (Weinm.) — El Kosario.

AcHYRONYCHiA CooPERi T. & G. — Magclaleiia Island.

PoRTULACA PARVULA Gray. Agrees with the description
of this species, but the shores of Magdalena and Santa
Margarita Islands are very different habitats from the dry
regions of Texas and Mexico.

PoRTULACA OLERACEA L. — Found in many places.

PoRTULACA RETUSA Engelm. ? Specimens too young for
certain determination. — Magdalena Island.

Calandrinia maritima Nutt. — Not uncommon between
San Gregorio and San Quintin.

Calandrinia caulescens HBK. var. Menziesii Gray. —
El Kancho Yiejo.

FouQUiERiA splendens Engelm. The flowers have often
a yellow tinge. — Calmalli and northward.

FouQuiERiA SPixosA HBK. " Palo de Adam." The leaves
fall in April while it is in full bloom. — Magdalena and
Santa Margarita Islands and northward to Lat. 28°.

FouQUiERiA COLUMNARIS Kellogg. Idiia columnaria Kell.
Proc. Cal. Acad. II, 34; Hesperian, May, 1860. F, colam-
naris Kell. Ball. Cal. Acad. i. , 133. F. gigantea Orcutt,
West Am. Scientist, II, 48. First seen near San Esteban,
this tree was a prominent part of the vegetation nearly to
El Rosario. It grows erect to a height of 25 to 50 feet,
gradually tapering from a base two or three feet in diameter
to a pointed top, and as it seldom branches, the shape is
that of a huge inverted carrot. Sometimes from accident
or injury, the main trunk separates into two or more
straight or distorted branches and assumes curious forms.
An abundance of small twigs 3-4 inches long, bearing
leaves and spines or sometimes only fascicles of leaves,
grow upon the trunk. The wood is very soft, and a knife

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 133

can be stuck througli the tree unless at first the harder
wood of the reticuLited frame work is struck. The flowers,
like those of the other species of the genus, grow from the
top, and must be quite handsome; they are said to have a
decided yellow tinge and to appear soon after the fall rains.
The old capsules are 8-10 mm. long, sessile in a panicle,
about 10 inches long. The leaves, as noticed by Dr. Eng-
elmann concerning those of F. splendens, Bot. Gazette, Yol.
VIIT, 338, afford fine examples of the morphology of spines.
The common name of the tree is "cirio," called so by the
inhabitants on account of its fancied resemblance to the
torch of the altar of their Church.

Bergia Texana Seubert. — Comondu.

Malva BOREA.LIS Wall. — Comondu.

Ma.lv ASTRUM TRICUSPID ATUM Gray. — Comondu, Purisima.
Malvastrum, sp. Too young. — San Gregorio.
Anoda hastata Cav. — Common in Comondu Canon.

Anoda crenatiflora Ort. ? Radiate summit of fruit
pubescent: cusps short: carpels 8-10, with mid-rib separ-
ating for the upper two-thirds: septum represented only
by slender threads attached near the apex of the carpel
and to the base of the column: clathrate covering of the
seed purplish brown, white powdery, loose, cleft at the apex:
seed pubescent with very fine hairs: petals 4 lines long, pale
yellow, crenate.

As there is much uncertainty concerning the species
of Ortega, it seems best not to give this plant another
name, especially as it is near A. pavviflora, to which
the general resemblance is quite strong. — Steep slopes of
Comondu Canon.

Anoda pentaschista Gray. Plants slender, flowers small
and leaves mostly narrowly linear. — Purisima, Comondu.

\

134 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

SiDA Xanti Gray. Plants very nearly answering to the
description of this species in Proc. Am. Acad., XXII, 296,
were collected at Purisima.

SiDA HEDERACEA Torr. —Abundant about San Ramon Lake
near San Gregorio.

SiDA DIFFUSA HBK. — Comondu.

SiDA TRAGiiEFOLiA Gray. — Comondu.

Abutilon crispum Don. — Common throughout the south-
ern portion of tlie Peninsula and on Magdalena and Santa
Margarita Islands.

Abutilon Californicum Benth. A shrubby species, some-
times six feet high. — Common on Magdalena and Santa
Margarita Islands, and abundant on the mainland.

Abutilon Lemmoni Watson. Probably this species,
although not exactly agreeing with it. — Las Huevitas.

Abutilon incanum Don. Woody, 2 feet high. — San Gre-
gorio.

Abutilon Jacquini Don. Agreeing well enough with
specimens of this species, but much more viscous and with
larger leaves. — San Esteban.

Abutilon Palmeri Gray. A form of this species growing
very luxuriantly on a portion of Santa Margarita Island
where all the vegetation was rank. Leaves very long, on
petioles very much longer than the pedicels: earliest flowers
solitary in the axils, the lower jointed above the middle, the
upper near the base. The axillary buds that are usually
dormant in this species are, in these specimens, developed
into long side branches, giving a very different appearance
to the inflorescence. Seeds as in type specimens with
which they were compared, appear under the lens to be
roughened with white curved bristles arising from reddish
papillae.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 135

HoRSFOKDiA Newberryi Gray. Eight feet high at San
Julian, and smaller northward. .

HoRSFORDiA PuRisiM^. Frutescent, 2 feet or more high,
erect, finely and softly pubescent : leaves cordate-acuminate
or obtuse, less than an inch broad on petioles of the same
length white-velutinous beneath, greener above: inflores-
cence long - paniculate, leafless: peduncles an inch long,
jointed above the middle: flowers orange, 12 mm. broad:
calyx 4 mm. long, lobes acute: carpels about 8, 6 mm.
long, oblong, obtuse, in the same head either 1, 2 or 3
seeded: seeds minutely tuberculate - scabrous. The car-
pels, as in other species of this genus, and many of
Sphceralcea, are attached to the base of the column by a
slender thread that can be separated from the back as high
as the notch. It resembles H. rotundi/olia Watson, but is a
woody perennial with more pointed leaves and very differ-
ent fruit. — San Gregorio and Purisima.

HoRSFORDiA Palmeri Watson. A small tree 12 feet high
on Santa Margarita Island, and much smaller at Llano de
Santana and San Gregorio.

Sph^ralcea Coulteri Watson. Differs from the described
form only in its larger leaves, strictly annual habit and
rather larger orange-yellow flowers. The horizontal pro-
jection at the base is as in Dr. Watson's original descrip-
tion. This plant is extremel}^ abundant during the months
of February and March in the southern region. On Santa
Margarita Island it becomes four feet high, and covers
large areas to the exclusion of other vegetation. In April
it dries up and disappears. -

Sph^ralcea ambigua Gray. Six feet high.— San Gregorio,
San Jorge.

Sph^ralcea, sp. — San Jorge.

Sph^ralcea, sp. — San Julio. The specimens of these
two species lack fruit.

136 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Sph^ralcea Hainesii. Herbaceous, about 8 feet high,
with loug slender branches, densely covered with a soft
spreading stellate pubescence, becoming more glabrous in
age: leaves cordate lanceolate, somewhat lobed, irregularly
doubly crenate or dentate, 4 inches long or less, on petioles
J as long: axillary racemes solitary or geminate, 3 inches
long or less: bracteolse filiform, persistent: calyx white-
lanate, deeply cleft, segments acute, longer than the fruit:
petals brick -red, h inch long: fruit higher than its width:
carj)els 10-15, attached at base by slender threads to the
column, the small cusps turned outward and easily separat-
ing, basal portion short, reticulate: ovules 3, and usually
maturing into 3 minutely pubescent seeds. Named for the
collector, Charles D. Haines, who, as entomologist of
the party, materially reduced the number of insects infest-
ing it. — Collected at Jesus Maria.

KosTELETZKYA DIGITATA Gray. The specimens are old
and have lost the lower leaves, but seem near enough to the
description. — Comondu.

Hibiscus denudatus Benth. — Magdalena Island and north-
ward. Common.

Hibiscus Coulteri Gray. — Purisima and other southern
localities, but not common.

GossiPiUM HERBACEUM L. — Growing about the gardens of
the old missions, Comondu and Purisima.

GossYPiuM Dayidsonii Kellogg. — Magdalena Island, San
Gregorio. This is without doubt the species noticed in
Bot. Sulph., p. 8. The carpels are 3-5, often 4; seeds
naked; leaves usually entire.

GossYPiUM Harknessii. Shrubby, forming rounded clumps
2-3 feet high, with angled branches, glabrous throughout:
leaves broadly cordate, often with closed sinus, entire or
three lobed near the apex; petioles an inch or more long,
equaling the blade: peduncles exceeding the petioles,

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 137

jointed uearest the summit: bracts 3, broadly ovate-acumi-
nate, entire, less than half the length of the sulphur-yellow
petals: calyx truncate: petals an inch or more loug, with
purple spot at base: capsule ovate, pointed, 14 mm. long:
carpels 3: seeds naked:

This handsome shrub belongs to the section to which the
generic names Thurherm and Ingenhouzia have been given.
The specimens were in flower and lacked mature fruit,
but fortunately some old empty capsules were yet persistent.
It was seen only upon Santa Margarita Island where it is
very common, often growing in masses. Named for Dr. H.
W. Harkness, President of the California Academy of Sci-
ences, as a tribute to his efforts in furthering the explora-
tion of Lower California.

Ayenia Berlandieri Watson. — Comondu.

Ayenia pusilla L. Specimens not so strict as those from
Sonora, smoother and with more ovate leaves. — Magdalena
Bay.

Melochia tomentosa L. — Magdalena Island, Comondu.

Galphimia angustifolia Benth. var. oblongifolium Gray.
— Purisima.

HiR^A macroptera DC. — Comondu, San Ignacio.

VisCAiNOA GENICULATA (Kell). These specimens, differ-
ing considerably from previous collections, show the species
to be very variable, and bring it even closer to Cliitonia
than had been previously supposed. The leaves are either
simple or imparipinnate, with 3-5 leaflets: petioles often
more than a half-inch in length : flowers ochroleucous.
Abundant in some places, and called by the inhabitants,
who have a very good idea of its botanical affinities, "guia-
can." — San Eaimundo, San Fernando.

Fagonia Californica Benth. Leaflets sometimes an inch
long, larger than those of Californian specimens.

] 38 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Larrea Mexicana Moricand. — Nearly throughout the
whole regiou.

Erodium Texanum Gray. — Calmalli and northward.

Erodium cicutarium L'Her. — Magdalena Island. Half a
dozen plants recently introduced.

OxALis Wrightii Gray. — El Eancho Yiejo.

OxALis LATIFOLIA HBK. — Identified by Prof. William
Trelease, who states that the fruit does not exactly agree
with his description. — Magdalena and Santa Margarita Is-
lands, Oomondu, Purisima.

Ptelea aptera Parry. — Las Huevitas.

Cneoridium dumosum Hook. — Las Huevitas.

Castela tortuosa Liebm. ? Nearest to the description
of this species, but perhaps distinct. A tangled, thorny
bush 2-3 feet high. The specimens are without flowers. —
Magdalena Island.

Kceberlinia spinosa Zucc. Flowers light yellow. — San
Jorge.

BuRSERA HiNDSiANA Bentli. The number of leaflets varies
from one to nine, and it therefore seems hardly necessary
to retain the var. rhoifolium for three-leaved specimens, as
has been done by Engler, in Monog. Burseraceae, p. 58. —
Magdalena and Santa Margarita Inlands, Comondu, Sau
Gregorio. "Copal."

BuRSERA MICROPHYLLA Gray. A small aromatic bush or
tree. — Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands.

BuRSERA ODORATA. A bush or small tree 6-10 feet high,
trunk 4-6 inches in diameter, glabrous, with smooth bark:
leaves crowded at the ends of the branchlets, odd pinnate
with three pairs of leaflets: leaves little more than an inch
long; rachis barely margined: leaflets sessile, oblong ovate,
acuminate or obtuse, entire, midvein prominent, 14 mm.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 139

long, 6 mm. wide: fruit angular-globose, 4 to 6 mm. iu di-
ameter on a recurved pedicel of the same length; nutlet bright
yellow. — Common at San Gregorio, Purisima, Comondu.
The bark of Bui'sera is used for tanning hides, and the dif-
ferent species are generally known as " torote."

ScflCEPFiA Californica. A bush 8-10 feet high, with
rigid divaricate brandies, the young ones and leaves mi-
nutely pubescent, older branches white -fissured: leaves
fasicled on short branches that are scaly from the scars of
detached leaves, oblanceolate or spathulate, tapering to the
base, leathery, glaucous, faintly 3-nerved beneath, usually
vertical by a twist at the base: perianth reddish -yellow,
6-8 mm. long, somewhat saccate at base and narrowed
above at the stamineal attachment, 4-5 angled with as many
recurved lobes one-third as long as the tube : stamens broad
as long, equal in number to the lobes of the perianth and
opposite to them, sessile on the throat, which is pubescent
just above the point of attachment: ovary somewhat sulcate,
conical at the tip, terminating in a style less than half the
length of the corolla tube: stigma obscurely 2-lobed, about
8-angled: ovules two, pendant from the summit of the
ovary, the upper portion of which is covered with a
thick, spongy, yellowish disk, perforated for the passage of
the pistil and flat on the upper surface, but conformed to
the conical ovary on the lower: fruit oval, 6 mm. long, the
bony covering of the seed under the somewhat fleshy calyx
marked with darker longitudinally -sulcate lines and retic-
ulations: embryo solitary, linear, about half the length of
the ovary, at the apex of copious albumen; radicle superior.
— San Gregorio and Comondu.

YiTis, sp. Only flowering specimens could be found so
early in the season, and they seem to belong to V. Califor-
nica rather than to V. Arizonica. — Not uncommon in damp
canons of the south about Comondu and Purisima.

Rhus integeifolia Benth. & Hook. — El Rosario.

140 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Ehus aromatica Ait. var. indivisa Watson. — El Ranclio
Viejo.

Rhus diversiloba Torr. & Gray. — Very abundant about
El Kosario and in a form resembling R. toxicodendron from
El Kancho Viejo.

Rhus laurina Nutt. — San Jose de Gracia and northward.

Veatchia discolor (Benth.). ScJiinus ? discolor Bentb.
Bot. Sulph. 11, t. ix; Walp. Rep., v. 413. Rhus Veatchii
Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad., ii, 24; Hesperian with plate, April,
1860; Engler, Monog. Burseracea3 59. Veatchia Cedrosensis
Gray., Bull. Cal. Acad., i, 4; Proc. Am. Acad., xx, 291;
Pittonia, i, 198, 201. Bursera pabescens Watson, Proc.
Am. Acad., xxiv, 44. Dioecious, arborescent. 10-25 feet in
height, 1-2 feet in diameter, with low tortuous widely-
spreading branches: leaves, pedicels, peduncles and young-
shoots appressed-pubescent, upper surface of the leaves
only sparsely so: leaves fascicled, imparipinnate, 1-3 inches
long, with 1-7 pairs of sessile leaflets, entire or variously
lobed, the upper ones often confluent with the 3-7 lobed
terminal one : panicles axillary and more or less terminal,
compound, often ample, when in full bloom completely
covering the nearly, at that time, leafless tree: inflorescence
short-hirsute, flowers 4 mm. long: sepals 5, concave, val-
vate: petals twice as long as the sepals, ovate-acute, some-
what accrescent, conduplicate, keeled by the strong mid-
nerve: stamens of the female flower minute, abortive: styles
3, capitate, indistinctly so in the male flower: ovary ob-
lique, flattened, pubescent; half-grown fruit red, nearly
equaling the petals: disk of five separate lobes, sometimes
crenate or deeply bilobed, sometimes oblong, entire, with
10 stamens alternately inserted in front and in the sinus, or
ten-crenate with all the stamens inserted into the intervals:
aestivation quincuncial. The forming fruit is thin-walled,
otherwise it resembles very much that of Rhus ovata. The
flowers are either bright pink or yellowish gray, but the

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 141

different colors are on different trees, and have no relation
to their sex. The calyx is usually of a deeper tint. — Mag-
dalena and Santa Margarita Islands, San Pablo, and north-
ward nearly to San Fernando. Known locally as " Copal-
quien."

The genus differs from Rhus in its valvate sepals, accres-
cent petals and thin-walled fruit. It is a somewhat singular
circumstance, considering its wide distribution and the fact
that its bark is exported for tanning, that mature fruit is
still unknown. Only flowering specimens were to be found
from January to the end of April. On Magdalena Island,
early in January, some trees blossomed while in full leaf,
but all the flowers withered without forming fruit, and were
probably out of season. The figure in Bot. Sulpli. was
drawn from a branch blooming in this way.

The first allusion to Veatchia of which I have any knowl-
edge is found in Mr. Hinds' introduction to the Botany^ of
the Sulphur, p. 5, where he says: '*I have also seen some
attempts at trees; imagine what the bones and muscles of
a giant would be distorted into three feet, such looked these
trees. Thf^y twisted and twirled, but coukl not assume the
erect position. Their diameters were far from inconsider-
able."

The description given by Dr. John A. Yeatch* in the

* "The Elephant Tree is one of the curiosities of Cerros Island. It derives
its name from the elephantine proportions of its sturdy, heavy looking trunk
and branches. The main trunk of a full-grown tree will probably average
TWO feet in diameter, the height being but little more, and often less than
the diameter. In some favorable situations I observed a few that reached
an elevation of six feet; this was, however, an unusual occurrence. The
trunk divides into several ponderous branches that shoot off horizontallj', and
are bent and contracted into grotesque resemblances of the flexed limbs of a
corpulent human being. These huge branches often terminate 'suddenly in
a few short twigs, covered with a profusion of red flowers, reminding one of
the proboscis of an elephant holding a nosegay. The resemblance is height-
ened by the peculiar brown, skin-like epidermis ihat forms the outer b^uk,
which splits and peels off annually, accommodating the increase of growth.

142 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Hesperian, April, 1860, is not vvith(3ut interest, though his
dimensions are somewhat larger than those of any subse-
quent observer. It must be remembered that these descrip-
tions apply to trees growing in poor soil and exposed to the
sharp sea-winds.

DoDON^A viscosA L. "Grenadina." Not common. —
Jesus Maria, San Pablo.

Cardiospermum Halicacabum HBK. Plants glabrous
throughout; not uncommon on the mainland in the south.
— San Gregorio, Comondu.

CARDiObPERMUM TORTUOSUM Benth, Not seen upon the
mainUmd. — Magdalena Island.

This epidermis, wheu removed, exposes tlie smooth, greenish-colored surface
of the spoDgy inner bark, which is from one to two inches in thicknes-*.
When this bark is cut through, a milky juice exudes, that soon hardens into
a compact mass of gum and resin. The quautity furnished from a single cut
is considerable. Whether the exuded matter be of any value I have had no
means of testing as yet ; but as the tree belongs to a natural order that fur-
nishes our most valuable and expensive gum-resinous products, it is not
improbable that it may prove worthy of attention in that regard. The wood
is light and porous and soon decays, and is not likely to be of any economi-
cal utility.

" The branches of the larger trees often shoot out to a horizontal distance
of twenty feet from the trunk, thus covering an area of forty feet in diam-
eter, i^maller subordinate limbs spring upwards from the upper side of the
large boughs, and in this way give a neat oval appearance to the outline of
the tree. When loaded with its bright red flowers, the effect is strikingly
beautiful, particularly where hundreds of the trees stand near each other,
intertwining their huge boughs, and forbidding ingress to the mysterious
space they cover and protect. The leaves are minute, and fall off before the
blooms are fairly developed. The young tree looks a good deal like a huge
radish protruding from the ground, with but a slight root and a few twig like
branches expanding from the top.

" On the mountain sides, from a little above the sea-shore to an elevation
of fifteen hundred feet, these trees grow scatteriugly, singly and in small
clumps; but in the narrow vales of the ravines, they sometimes form groves
of several acres in extent, presenting the impenetrable and compact form
*\bove described. From June till August seems to be their blooming season.
It is to be regretted that none of the ripe seeds could be procured during my
visit to Cerros."

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 143

^scuLUS Parryi Gray. — El Kosario.

Maytenus phyllanthoides Benth. "Mangle dulce." —
Very abundant upon Santa Margarita Island, and common
along tlie shores of the lagoons to San Jorge. A small
tree, 10-15 feet high, famishing wood for fuel.

The following Rhamnacea^ were identified by Prof. Wil-
liam Trelease :

ZiZYPHUS OBTUSIFOLIA Gray. — San Gregorio, Comondu.

ZiZYPHUS Parryi Torr. — Las Huevitas.

CONDALIA 8PATHULATA Gray. — Purisima, San Luis.

CoNDALiA Mexicana Schl. ? — A small tree in San Julio
Canon.

RHA3IXUS CROCEA Nutt. The leaves are similar to the
island forms. — San Sebastian.

Sageretia Wrightii Watson. — El Rancho Yiejo.

CoLUBRiNA GLABRA Watson. — Magdaleaa Island, San Julio
Canon.

Adolphia Californica Watson. — San Fernando, Agiia
Dalce.

LupiNUS AFFiNis Agh. — Comondu.

LuPiNUS MICRANTHUS Dougl. More white- villous than
usual. — San Sebastian.

LuPiNUS, sp. Apparently a distinct species. — Santa Mar-
gjLirita Island.

LupiNUS albicaulis Dougl. — Santa Maria.

LuPiNUS, sp. The same as Palmer's No. 708 from San
Quintin. — San Borgia, San Ignacio, El Rosario.

Medicago denticulata Willd. — Comondu.

Melilotus parviflora Desf . — Introduced into several
southern localities.

144 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Teifolium tridentatum Lindl. — Growing upon the higli
mesas near San Enrique.

Trifolium MacEtEI Hook. & Arn. — With the preceding
species.

HosACKiA RIGIDA Benth. — San Enrique, Calmalli, San
Luis.

HosACKiA Bryanti. Perennial, silky -villous, stems a foot
or two long, branching, decumbent: leaflets 3 or 5, linear-
oblanceolate, 14-18 mm. long: peduncles 3-4 inches long,
much exceeding the leaves: stipules inconspicuous glands:
umbel 3-4 flowered, subtended often by a single leaflet:
flowers 14-18 mm. long: petals pale rose-color: calyx one-
third as long, the lanceolate teeth about equaling the tube :
pod 2 mm. wide, 2-3 inches long, straight. — A handsome
species growing on the sand of Magdalena and Santa Mar-
garita Islands, and along the banks of the lagoon to San
Jorge. Named for Mr. Walter E. Bryant, who first col-
lected it in 1888. — Easily distinguished from H. rigkla
by its decumbent spreading habit, its larger, handsome,
difl'erent colored flowers and the longer, narrower pods.

HosACKiA PLEBEIA. Perennial, silky -pubescent through-
out: stems spreading, less than a foot in length: leaflets 3-
6, on a winged rachis, obovate. mucronate, 8-10 mm. long:
peduncles three times the length of the leaves: flowers
solitary or geminate, yellow, Q-^ mm. long: calyx half as
long, teeth acuminate, shorter than the tube: pod curved,
10-12 seeded: stipules and bi-acts reduced to a mere gland:
seeds smooth. — El Raucho Viejo.

HosACKiA MARiTiMA I^utt. — San Esteban.

HosACKiA PARviFLORA Bentli. — Patrocinia, Santa Maria.

HosACKiA STRIGOSA Nutt. — San Sebastian.

HosACKiA SUBPINNATA T. & G. — San Enrique.

HosACKiA GLABRA Torr.— San Pablo.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 145

HoSACKiA PROSTRATA Niitt. — SocoiTO, San Quintin.

HosACKFA MICRANTHA Nutt. — San Pablo, San Sebastian,
El Ranclio Viejo.

Dalea canescens^ Bentli. — Prostrate: flowers deep pur-
ple: stamens 10: style very long, stigma not capitate.

Dalea dlv^aricata Benth. In this species, as well as the
very closely related D. Farri/i, the second ovule is often
so early and completely aborted that it escapes all except
the most careful search. If only the herbaceous stems had
been collected, it might easily have been mistaken for an
annual, but it is a perennial with a woody base. The vex-
ill um is reniform and glandular, the anthers bear a large
gland at the apex. — Magdalena Island.

Dalea Parryi T. & G.— Santa Margarita Island, Patro-
cinia, Agua Dulce.

Dalea, sp. Near D. Parryi but with longer leaflets and
somewhat longer calyx teeth. Apparently annual. — San
Enrique, San Jalian.

Dalea chrysorrhiza Gray. The specimens are old, but
are evidently of this species with fewer leaflets and larger
heads. The flowers are very shortly pedicellate; the very

*A revision of Dalea by some one having' access to the original specimens is
becoming a necessity. Many of the early descriptions are so brief that it is
difficult to distinguish allied species by them, and the anomaly of identical
names by different authors for different species adds to the confusion. As for
instance: Martens & Galeotti in Bull. Acad. Brux.X, No. 7, 40, and soon after
Bentham in Bot. Sulph. described four different species under the names ca-
nescens and ramosissima. In the Index of N. A. Botany, D. canescens and
ramosissima are credited to Bentham and a reference is given to Walp, Rep.
ii, 513. This is probably a -typographical error in Dr. Watson's invaluable
work, and is perhaps meant for p. 855 instead, for on that page are found the
names, but they are for the species of Martens & Galeotti. Mr. Hemsley,
in Biolog. Cent. -Am., makes no reference to the flora of Baja California
escaping thereby the nei-essity of noting D. canescens, and reduces D.
ramosissima, Mart. <k Gal., to a synonym of D. diffusa.

2d Ser., Vol. II. ( 11 ) November 23, 1889.

146 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

caducous bracts and upper end of the minute pedicel are
furnislied with a pair of the singular fusiform stipular
glands described by Dr. Gray. — Cardon Grande.

Dalea vetula. Annual, erect, less than a foot high, gla-
brous except the ovate, dense inflorescence: leaves 20-30
mm. long: leaflets 21-25, 2 mm. long, stipitate, oval, retuse
except the ovate-lanceolate terminal one: calyx 3-4 mm.
long, the teeth linear-lanceolate, three or four times as long-
as the tube, long-villous with spreading silvery hairs, glands
between the ribs long-linear : bracts ovate, long-acuminate:
peduncles somewhat exceeding the leaves: keel, wings and
standard nearly equal in length, 2 mm. long, dark purple,
included in the calyx: anthers short, with large gland:
ovary glandular, sparsely pubescent, 2-ovuled: pod not
filled by the solitary compressed seed. — Comondu, San
Gregorio.

Dalea evanescens. Annual, silky pubescent, spreading :
stems 3-8 inches long: heads 12 mm. long, terminating the
slender branches, or rarely with one or two lateral: leaves
less than an inch long: leaflets three or four pairs, minutely
glandular dotted, 2 mm. long, cuneate-obovate, retuse: stip-
ules small, reddish, subulate: calyx less than 2 mm. long,
with large glands, teeth purplish, acuminate, shorter than
the somewhat scarious tube, slightly unequal : corolla light
rose color, 2 mm. long, slightly exceeding the calyx: anthers
broader than long, furnished with a very large gland : bracts
purplish, ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the calyx: ovary
broad, covered with very large glands, sparingly pubescent,
the second ovule very soon aborted: pod filled by the
seed. — A small annual species, nearly prostrate, having few
stems and heads and scattered leaves, collected near San
Ignacio.

Dalea ramosissima Benth. Vexillum cordate-ovate, with
rather broad claw: corolla deep violet. — Magdalena Island.

Dalea Seemanni Watson. — San Esteban.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 147

Dalea FORMOSA ToiT. The specimens diifer from the
type in having only 3-7 oval or elliptical entire leaflets, the
stipellar glands blunt instead of acute, and slight pubes-
cence on the leaves, petioles and young shoots. — San Este-
ban.

Dalea Emoryi Gray. In these specimens the foliage and
pubescence of the species appears to be remarkably variable.
The plant from El Campo Aleman is densely ]anate
throughout, that from San Luis approaches the ordinary
form, while that from Santa Maria has become glabrous on
all exposed parts excepting the inflorescence. The leaves of
all, though varying much in size, have the same prolonged
terminal leaflet, which in the upper leaves is the only one.
— Cajon de Santa Maria, San Luis, El Campo Aleman.

Dalea tinctoel\. Perennial, decumbent or prostrate
spreading, branching stems 2-3 feet long, pubescent with
spreading hairs or almost glabrous, covered, except the up-
per surface, by small prominent orange - colored glands:
leaves 1-2 inches long, leaflets, 3-5 pairs, cuneate-obovate
or oblanceolate, crenate, sometimes retuse, 5-10 mm. long,
the terminal leaflet much longer and narrower; stipules
minute: peduncles exceeding the leaves: heads rather dense-
ly flowered, ovate to cylindrical, 10-25 mm. long: bracts
narrowly ovate, shorter than the calyx: calyx 3 mm. long,
lobes nearly equal, triangular, acute, one-third as long as
the tube: corolla violet, vexillum slightly longer than the
calyx, the keel a third longer: anthers with an orange gland
at apex: ovary pubescent, glandular: pod filled by the single
seed. — Very abundant in some localities, staining the legs
of animals yellow. — San Gregorio.

Dalea tinctoria var. are^^aria. Nearly glabrous, stems
soft herbaceous: leaflets fewer, narrow and remote, the
terminal lobe frequently more than half the leaf : peduncles
3-5 inches long: heads larger and more pubescent: calj^x
lobes slightly more acuminate. — Sands of the sea-shore,

148 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Boca cle Soledad. — This plant differs much in appearance
from the species to which it is referred, but it seems best
not to separate it specifically on purely vegetative char-
acters.

Dalea megacarpa Watson. — San Julian, Calamujuet.

Dalea Benthami. Dalea ? Bot. Sulph., p. 12. To the
excellent description of the vegetative characters given by
Mr. Bentham, little need be added. The subulate almost
spinose stipules are at first gland - tipped, and the larger
terminal leaflet usually retuse : bracts slender, gland-tipped,
one-third the length of the calyx: calyx veiny, pubescent,
teeth obtuse, shorter than the tube, nearly equal in length :
petals pale yellow, retuse, blade shorter than the claw, stami-
neal tube even: anthers not glandular: style three times
the length of the ovary, glandless: pod 1-seeded, exceeding
the calyx, tipped by the nearly as long, persistent style:
embryo green or yellow, very variable. — Santa Margarita
Island. — This species differs from D. megacarpa in the en-
tire leaflets, veiny almost rugose on the upper surface, in
its divaricate branching habit, more spinose stipules, shape
of the petals and in the very much longer glandless style. —
The embryo furnishes a useful lesson as to the slight diag-
nostic value of a character ordinarily constant in species.
From the same plant, they are either deep or yellowish
green, oblong or nearly round. The cordate base is pro-
duced irregularly, the radicle appearing to be sometimes at
the base, sometimes at the side. The lobes often become
curved appendages on the sides, the cotyledons may be
folded one over the other in various ways and are sometimes
three in number.

Dalea Schottii Torr. — Cajon de Santa Maria.

Dalea spinosa Gray. — A. small tree or bush growing in
the sand of dry streams at Calamujuet.

Eysenhardtia spinosa Engelm. Leaves larger than those
of Pringle's Chihuahua specimens. — Paraiso.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 149

Indigofera Anil L. — Purisima.

Tephrosia Purisima. Perennial, decumbent, appressed
silky pubescent, stems a foot or two long: stipules triangu-
lar-lanceolate, spinose : leaflets 3-6 pairs, linear, mucronate
by the prolongation of the mid-rib, strongly and rather re-
motely veined, an inch or less in length, the rachis two or
more inches long: racemes elongated: Howers pedicellate,
solitary or in pairs, light pink with darker banner, 14 mm.
long: calyx 6 mm. long, teeth equal in length to the tube:
pod narrow, 13-15 seeded, two or more inches long, beaked
by the long style. — Much resembling specimens of T.
Palmeri, but having a different habit, flowers of another
color and smaller seeds, without an evident aril. — San Gre-
gorio, Purisima, Cardon Grande.

Olneya Tesota Gray. "Una de gato." — Comondu to
Gala muj net.

Astragalus Nuttallianus DC. — San Jorge, San Esteban.

Astragalus Hornii Gray. — San Quintin and a form from
San Gregorio and Snn Jorge perennial about the lake and
annual in depressions of the Hats which differs from the San
Quintin plant in having smaller pods and leaflets.

Astragalus candidissimus (Benth.) Hairs of the calyx
usually nearly black. Prostrate on the sandy ocean side of
Magdalena Island, and erect in depressions among the
dunes of Santa Margarita Island.

Astragalus leucopsis T. & G. — El Kosario.

Astragalus oocarpus Gray. ? — San Fernando.

Astragalus triflorus Gray. — Llano de San Julian.

Astragalus Orcuttianus Watson. — San Enrique, San
Borgia and apparently the same species in flow^er only, from
San Gregorio.

Astragalus sp. Too near specimens of Pliaca Berteriana
Moris. — San Julio.

150 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

^EsCHYNOMENE NiVEA. Shrubby, branches short and few,
erect, 2-3 feet high, hoary somewhat strigose-pubescent:
leaves 1-1| inches long, lighter green above: leaflets 10-18
pairs, broadly linear acuminate, 4-6 mm. long: flowers ax-
illary, solitary or rarely two or three in a very short raceme:
peduncles bristly hairy, longer than the flowers: calyx 2
mm. long, teeth broad, triangular, ciliate on the margins,
all but the lowest shorter than the tube, the two upper
united nearly to the tip: corolla ochroleucous, more than
twice as long as the calyx: ovary stipitate, pubescent;
legume somewhat pubescent, reticulate-veiny, segments 1
or 2, rounded. — Purisima.

ViciA EXIGUA Nutt. — San Esteban, San Julio.

Lathyrus vestitus Nutt. — El Kancho Viejo.

Phaseolus filiformis Benth. Leaves very variable.—
Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands and Comondu.

Phaseolus atropurpureus DC. var. sericeus Gray. — Co-
mondu, San Ignacio.

Galactia, sp. — Comondu.

PiHYNCHOSiA PHASEOLOIDES DC — Comondu.

E/HYNCHOSIA, sp. Near R. minima. — Comondu.

Ehynchosia, sp. "Frijolita." Near the precedJDg, but
more pubescent, and not twining. — Comondu.

C.ESALPINIA PANNOSA. Shrubby, 2-4 feet high, branches
slender, clothed with white deciduous bark, at first pubes-
cent with Avhite spreading hairs intermixed with spaise
stipitate glands: pinna? 1-2 pairs and an odd one: rachis
slender, 1-3 inches long: leaflets 2-3 pairs, oblong or obo-
vate, refuse, 3-12 mm. long: peduncles pubescent, 2-4
inches long; pedicels slender, jointed below the middle:
bracts ovate-acuminate: calyx tube hardly oblique, lobes
oblong, obtuse, pubescent but not glandular: petals slightly
exceeding the 6 mm. hmg calyx, pale yellow, claw very

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 151

short, glandless, blade covered, except a narrow thin bor-
der with sessile ruby-red glands: stamens 10, curved at
summit and inserted outside the margin of a 5-lobed disk,
one usually imperfect or abortive, anthers oval, obtuse:
stigma contracted at apex; ovary nearly glabrous, densely
glandular; ovules 3: pod falcate, one and a half inches long,
half inch broad, glabrous and glandular, 1-2 seeded: seeds
8 mm. long, somewhat flattened and oblique, with thin
margins. Near C. Falmeri, from which it differs principally
in its much larger leaflets and in the construction of the
flower, which in the latter has pedicels jointed above the
middle: calyx tube very oblique, disk apparentl}^ continu-
ous with the stamens, petals with longer claws margined by
stipitate glands, all glands yellowish, anthers strongly apic-
ulate and stigma dilated at the summit. — San Jorge, Co-
rn ondu.

HoFFMANNSEGGLi INTRICATA. Suflrutescent, in clumps IJ
feet high, intricately branched, the branches becoming
rigid, glabrous : leaves with a single pair of pinnae and a
terminal one, each bearing 8-10 leaflets less than a line in
length: calyx hardly pubescent: racemes lateral, 6-8 flow-
ered: pod glandular. — El Campo Aleman and northward
nearly to Calamujuet. This appears to be H. micro'phijlla
Torr. var. (//((&ra Watson, Palmer's No. 543 from Los Angeles
Bay, but H. microphylla is upright in growth, 2-3 feet high,
with wand-like stems bearing 20 or more flowers, very pu-
bescent and glandular, and the terminal pinna two or three
times longer than the lateral ones.

HoFFMANSEGGiA STRICTA Benth. — Santa Margarita Island ,
San Gregorio, San Fernando.

HoFFMANSEGGiA MICROPHYLLA Torr. — Calamujuet.

Parkinsonia aculeata L. — San Gregorio to Calamujuet
and San Fernando.

Parkinsonl\ microphylla Torr. — Calamujuet.

152 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Parkinsonia FLORIDA (Beiitii.) Probably this species,
but the material is very scanty. The young branches are
pubescent, leaflets 5-8 mm. long, and pods often somewhat
falcate. — San Raimundo, San Gregorio.

Cassia Ootesii Gray. — San Gregorio.

Cassia occidentalis L. A small l)usli growing about a
dwelling, and probably not native.

Prosopfs Palmeri Watson. "Palo de hierro." A small
tree, 10 feet high, with spreading top, dark roughened bark
and a trunk 6-10 inches in diameter: legumes pubescent,
2-3 inches long, half - inch wdde, slightly curved, 8-12
seeded: immature seeds slightly flattened, oblong, reticu-
lated, cotyledons yellow, with a triangular notch at base
filled by the short rhomboidal radicle. — Abundant on the
high, rocky mesas near Purisima and Comondu.

Prosopis juliflora DC. — San Gregorio to San Fernando.

Desmanthus virgatus Willd. The plant so named by
Bentham in Bot. Sulph. It is commonly a small bush,
sometimes on ocean slopes prostrated by the wind, and
rarely, in favorable localities, assuming a tree-like forni,
and reaching a height of five feet. Concave glands are
found often between all the pinnae but sometimes only be-
tween the lowest ones. The legumes are 1-3 inches long,
6 mm. wide, seeds flattened, smooth, nearly orbicular,
attached by a very slender tortuous funicle and marked on
each side by a semi-circular line. — Magdalena and Santa
Margarita Islands.

Desmanthus. sp. Near the preceding, glabrous, virgate,
2 feet high, seeds covered with a loose gray scurf, and
marked by a semi-circular line as in the preceding: legumes
3-4 inches long, straight, 6 mm. wide. — Comonda.

Mimosa, sp. — Purisima.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 153

Mimosa, sp. — A small bush neither in flower nor fruit,
common on Santa Margarita Island.
Acacia Farnesiana Willd. — Pozo Grande.
Acacia Wrightii Benth. — Paraiso.
Acacia, sp. — San Benito.
Acacia, sp. — Comondu.

Acacia, sp. A common bush; apparently undescribed. —
San Gregorio, Comondu.

Acacia, sp. " Palo friorro." A thorny bush with small
bipinnate leaves and an abundance of curved, rough, black
legumes an inch broad and three inches long. — San
Gregorio.

Lysiloma CANDIDA. A small tree, growing to a height of
twenty-five feet, usually with several trunks from a single
root: bark smooth, white, but dark on the small branches,
glabrous except the infloresence: leaves 3-7 cm. long:
pinnae one or rarely two pairs, with a small, prominent
gland between the lower: leaflets 4-7 pairs, narrowly or
broadly oblong, obtuse or retuse, 8-15 mm. long, the
pinnate veins continued to the margin: stipules leaf-
like, oblong, oblique, 6-15 mm. long: bracts small,
caducous: flowers capitate, the heads pedunculate in
short racemes or clusters, bracteoles similar to but shorter
than the calyx lobes: calyx 3 mm. long: corolla one-half
longer, its lobes as well as those of the calyx pubescent and
thickened at the tip: stamens 40-50, yellow, twice as long-
as, and united at base into a tube half the length of the
petals: anthers transversely, oblong, separating into about
four pollen masses: ovary nearly sessile, glabrous; style
cylindrical, equaling the stamens: pod on a short stipe,
8-15 cm. long, 25-30 mm. wide, smooth, reddish-brown,
thin and almost papyraceous, 8-15 seeded, thickened
on the edges by the stout nerves which separate more or
less completely, and often persist as red-brown threads

154 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

upon the tree, valves tardily separating from about the
seeds, which are oval, smooth, flattened, 6-10 mm. long,
transversely attached by long, slender f unicles : radicle very
short, covered by the downward prolongation of the cotyle-
dons. It app<!ars to be very distinct from L. microphylla of
Los Angeles Bay and Cape San Lucas, and is well known
in the region about Purisima and Comondu by the name
" palo bianco." The bark is excellent for tanning hides,
and most of the wine of the country being made in these
hides, receives a somewhat disagreeable flavor from the
*'palo bianco" and " torote."

Calliandea Californica Benth. A spreading bush, 2-4-
feet high, with dark green leaves and large, showy crimson
flowers. — Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands to San
Borgia.

Prunus Fremonti Watson. — El Rancho Yiejo.

Prunus ilicifolius Walp. —Growing in San Julio Canon
to a tree having a trunk a foot and more in diameter and
to a height of fifteen feet; exactly m its Santa Cruz Island
form. On the mesas northward it is a common bush.

Adenostoma fasciculata H. & A. — El Rosario.

Yauquelinia Torreyi Watson. — El Rancho Yiejo, Paraiso.

Rosa minutifolia Engelm. — El Rosario.

RiBES TORTUOSUM Benth. ? Probably tliis species, but as
the description was drawn from the plant in flower before
the leaves appeared, the determination is uncertain. In all
the comparisons that can be made between fruiting plants in
full leaf and flowering leafless ones, they agree. The lobes
of the calyx (attached to the mature fruit) are quite variable
in length compared with the tube, sometimes agreeing per-
fectly with the description but often of equal length. The
leaves of the same length as the pubescent pedicles are
somewhat reniform, nearly glabrous, 5 - lobed, doubly
crenate, the largest more than 2 inches in breadth and

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 155

Ih inches in length. The fruit is red, 1-5 seeded. — San
Julio, Las Huevitas.

RiBES LEPTANTHUM Gray. A form of this species with
smaller flowers and shorter calyx lobes. — El Rancho Viejo.

TiLL.EA MINIMA Mlers. — Magdalena Island, San Jorge.

Cotyledon attenuata Watson. — Las Huevitas, San Quin-
tin. .

Cotyledon pulyerulenta Benth. & Hook. — San Benito
and northward.

Cotyledon edulis Brewer. — Leaves of a species resem-
bling this on Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands.

Cotyledon, sp.— Calm alii.

Cotyledon rubens. Slightly pulverulent, nearly acaules-
cent: leaves 2-3 inches long, lanceolate, one-half inch wide
at base: stems 4-6 inches high: bracts few, auriciilate-
clasping, broadly linear, acuminate: inflorescence a small
panicle, 2-3 inches long: pedicels shorter than the flowers:
calyx teeth broadly lanceolate, longer than the tube : corol-
la dull red, contracted at mouth, with lobes one-third the
length of the tube. — A small species growing on clifi's near
San Esteban.

Rhizophora Mangle L. '' Mangle."— Covers large areas
of shallow water about Magdalena and Santa Margarita
Islands and along the lagoons to San Jorge. It does not
grow about the San Gregorio Lagoon.

Ammannia latifolia L. — Comondu

Lythru3I alatum L. var. linearifolium Gray. — Cajon de
Santa Maria.

Lythrum Bryanti. Annual, glabrous, a foot high or less,
branching freely: leaves alternate, broadly linear or some-
what lanceolate, narrowed at the base, about as long as the
internodes; stipules minute: flowers usually solitary: ped-

156 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

icels 1-3 mm. long, biacteate in the middle : calyx clavate,
conspicuously nerved, teeth broad, more conspicuous than
the intermediate processes: petals purple, 3-4 lines long,
oblong-ovate: stamens 12 in two sets, the longer ones op-
posite the calyx teeth: ovary embraced by a thickened ring;
style as long as ovary: seed smooth, ovate, flattened. A
handsome species, first collected by Walter E. Bryant. —
Comondu, San Jorge.

Zauschneria Californica Presl. — Santa Maria.

JussiZEA OCTONERVIA Lam. -— Comondu, Purisima.

EuLOBUS Californicus Nutt. — Comondu.

(Enothera SCEPTKOSTIGMA, Aiinual, low and sprending,
somewhat appressed-pubescent: leaves narrowly lanceolate
in outline, 2-4 inches long, irregularly cleft nearly to the
mid-rib into numerous slender, sometimes lobed segments:
flowers sessile, as long as the leaves: throat of the calyx 4
mm. long, funnelform, orange-colored, closed at the base:
petals an inch long, bright yellow: ovary ridged, 2-3 inches
long, tapering from the base, the upper half closed as in g
Taraxia, but bearing abortive ovules to the summit: stigma
cylindrical, much longer than the oblong anthers. — Yery
showy and fragrant, opening its flowers at nine or ten
o'clock in the morning; and covering with a bright carpet
large portions of the sandy soil along the southern coast.
In damper situations it sends out lateral stems several
inches in length. — San Gregorio, February. — Collected also
by Dr. Edward Palmer at Lagoon Head, March G-15, and
recognized as a new species by Dr. Vasey and Mr. Bose,
who, however, on the receipt of named specimens from the
writer, courteously adopted the MS. name tliere given.

(Enothera trichocalix Nutt. — El Kosario.

(Enothera triloba Nutt. — Water-holes, San Julio, San
Jorge.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 157

(Enothera c^spitosa Nutfc. var. Leaves finely divided
and villous. — El Campo Aleman.

(Enothera cheiranthifolia Hornem. — Socorro.

(Enothera bistorta Hornem. — San Borgia.

(Enothera micrantha Hornem. — El Campo Aleman.

(Enothera cham.^nerioides Gray. — El Llano de San tana.

(Enothera crassifolia Greene. — Magdalena Island, So-
corro.

(Enothera rosea Ait. Very variable, sometimes strongly
4-winged, apex long-attenuate or nearly obtuse.

(Enothera refracta Watson. — Calmalli, Cardon Grande.

(Enothera scapoidea Nutt. — Calamujuet.

(Enothera cardiophylla Torr. — San Jose de Gracia,
Santa Maria.

GoDETiA EPiLOBioiDES Watsou. — San Enrique.

Hauya arborea (Kell.) These specimens, brought from
the mountain ranges east from Cedros Island, have herba-
ceous stems 2-3 feet high, the leaves are lanceolate, thin,
sparingly pubescent and denticulate, often 2 inches in
length: anthers yellow (in specimens where they are
rose-colored they are possibly stained by the petals), apic-
ulate. The style is not tortuous, as in all tbe specimens
previously collected. — San Pablo.

Lopezia clavata. (Plate IV.) Annual, slender, 1-2 feet
high, almost glabrous: leaves ovate, alternate, | to Ih
inches long, coarsely serrate, with petioles in the lower
ones nearly an inch long, gradually reduced above to sessile
bracts: flowers scattered, on long peduncles: anterior sepal
free, the three posterior united one-third their length, and
covered for that distance by a semi-circular yellow disk:
petals unequal, the two anterior larger, broadly obovate
tapering to a narrow base, the posterior shorter and strap-

158 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

shaped, attached to the border of the semi-circular disk:
anthers tAvo, the posterior large, fertile, extrorse, the
anterior petaloid, nearly equal in length, slightly exceed-
ing the pistil which it embraces: filament about as long
as the anther: stigma dilated, cup-shaped; ovary clavate,
6-10 mm. long, 4-celled: capsule opening at the top by four
localicidal teeth: seeds numerous, clavate-oblong, minutely
'scabrous, ventrally attached below the middle, apex down-
ward.— Base of Cliffs, Comondu Canon.

Baillon in Histoire des Plants, vol. vi, unites with Lopezia
both Semeiandra and Riesenhachia , and his views are strength-
ened especially in regard to the last genus, by this species, the
fruit of which is almost exactly that of Presl's figure. The
flower, however, is that of Lopezia, and less irregular than
the typical species explains in a measure their structure.
" The claws of the posterior petals glandular at the apex,"
being here united as a semicircular disk adnate to three of
the sepals, are plainly to be regarded as a modification of
the disk which in many of the Oiiagraceae lines the calyx-
tube. The stamens show none of the tendency to unite in
a tube about the pistil, which in some of the species
approaches them to Semeiandra.

Gaura, sp. Three feet high, annual: leaves broadly-lan-
ceolate, repandly toothed or entire, pubescent. — Gardens
of Comondu.

GoNGYLOCARPQS FRUTicuLOSUs (Benth.). (Plate v). G.fru-
esce^is Ourran, Proc. Cal. Acad., Ser. 2, i. Gaura? fridiculosa
Benth., Bot. Sulph. 15; Walp. Kep. v, 670. Mr^. Bentham
considered the remarkable method of fruiting in this, as well
as in the allied species, to be the result of injury or disease
— an opinion which, it is needless to say, can no longer be
held. The fruit certainly persists for many years; how long
it is difficult to determine. Dead plants retain in the woody
envelopes apparently all the seed ever perfected. The
small spreading or decumbent bushes are 2-3 feet high in

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 159

the center, and bear a profusion of showy flowers. — Seen
only upon Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands.

Petalonyx Thurberi Gray. — Common in the sand of dry
streams about Calamujuet.

Petalonyx linearis Greene. — San Gregorio, Santa Maria.

EucNiDE CORDATA Kellogg. — San Gregorio.

EucNiDE URENS Parry. — Santa Maria.

Mentzelia ADHERENS Benth. — Magdalena Island.

Mentzelia dispersa Watson. — San Pablo.

Mentzelia hirsutissima Watson. Plants sparingly hir-
sute, all the upper leaves sessile: seeds large, white, oval,
turgid and rugose, in two rows on each placenta. — Calamu-
juet, Cajon de Santa Maria.

Sympetaleia aurea Gray. Flowers either pale yellow or
deep orange. — Pozo Grande, Comondu, Purisima.

Sympetaleia rupestris (Baill). San Julio Canon and
Cajon de Santa Maria.

Passiflora fcetida L. — Magdalena Island, Comondu and
northward to Calmalli.

Echinocystis minima (Kellogg). The leaves of this plant
are extremely variable, even for a family of plants in which
variation is not uncommon. They may be a half-inch or
more than three inches long, deeply 5-lobed with slender
segments or perfectly entire. — Santa Margarita Island, Co-
mondu.

Cyclanthera monosperma.- Perennial (?), climbing in
bushes to a height of hve feet, glabrous, very slender: leaves
small on short petioles, divided nearly to the base into 3-5
linear segments: tendrils slender, elongated, simple; pe-
duncles of the male flowers two cm. long; raceme half as
long, flowers very small on slender pedicels, three mm. long,
jointed close to the flower: calyx tube pateriform, lobes

160 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

subulate, very short: corolla lobes divided to the base:
stamens connate in a head: female flowers similar to the
male, somewhat larger, solitary on short peduncles from
the same axil, style very short, stigma hemispherical: ovary
with a beak twice its length, 1-celled; ovule one, erect:
fruit flattened, oblique, clavate-oblong, 5-7 mm. long with
a beak of the same length, not fleshy, sparsely furnished
with erect spines: seed conformed to and filling the cap-
sule, which is somewhat 2-horned at the apex. — Agua
Dulce.

CucuRBiTA PALMATA Watson. Neither flowers nor fruit. —
San Fernando.

CucuRBiTA CORDATA Watson. — San Gregorio.

CucuRBiTA, sp. Probably undescribed, but the material
is too meagre. — San Benito.

Maximowicxzia Sonor^ Watson. Abundant, and with its
bright red fruit very showy. The leaves are variable in
size and dissection, the seeds seem to be often covered by
an aril, underneath which they are coarsely rugose. In one
specimen, which seems not to differ from the others, the
seeds are larger, pale and perfectly smooth. More abun-
dant collections may show the species to be too closely
related. — Magdalena and Santa Margarita Island.

Also collected at Cape St. Lucas in August, 1876, by Mr.
W. J. Fisher, who noted that the fruit was bright scarlet.

Mamillaria Goodridgii Scheer. " Llavina." Fruit scar-
let, small and pleasant to the taste. Flowers ochroleu-
cous. — Magdalena and Sauta Margarita Island, and north-
ward to San Quintin.

Mamillaria, sp. C.iespitose, stems a foot or two high, or
hanging from the cliffs at Comondu six feet. Fruit insipid
to the taste. — San Gregorio, Purisima, to El Campo Ale-
man.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 161

Mamillakia, sp. Karely proliferous, globular, 4-6 inches
in diameter. Flowers pinkish-white, blooming in May. —
San Jorge to El Campo Aleman.

Mamillaria, sp. Growing in densely ca3spitose, flattened
masses, 2-4 feet in diameter. — San Julio Canon, San Pablo.

Mamillaria Halei. (Plate VI.) C?espitose, stems 8-10,
about a foot high, 2-3 inches in diameter, straight, covered
Avith dark -colored straight spines: tubercles short, rounded,
woolly in the axils: spines 15-25, one-half inch long, with
3-4 of theinterior ones stouter and an inch long: flowers an
inch long, vertical from the axils of young tubercles, scarlet:
sepals all scarlet, petaloid: anthers scarlet, filaments ex-
serted yellowish, stigma scarlet: fruit red, clavate, one-half
inch long: seeds smooth. — A handsome species, seen only
upon Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands, where it is
very abundant.

EcHiNOCACTUS WiSLiZENi Engelm . "Biznaga." This spe-
cies is common and variable in Lower California. It some-
times becomes eight feet high. The^ lateral spines of the
specimens collected vary in number from 7 to 12, the flow-
ers are greenish yellow, with a narrow or broad reddish
central line upon each petal, or sometimes entirely dull red.
The spines are from two to six inches long, and in some
localities are all perfectly straight. The fruit is hard and
yellow when ripe, acid to the taste, and though not unpleas-
ant, is not eaten by the sugar-loving inhabitants. It blooms
in May, while at the same time fruit of different ages may
be found on other plants. — San Gregorio and northward.

Cereus (Echinocereus), sp. Flowers purple. The plants
somewhat resemble C. gonacanihus. — San Gregorio to El
Campo Aleman.

Cereus phceniceus var. Pacificus Engelm. West Am.
Scientist ii, 46. Probably this species, but without flowers

2d Ser., Vol. U. ( 12 ) November 25, 1889.

162 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

or fruit. On Magdalena Island dried abortive spiny fruit
can be found entangled in the heads. Apparently the same
species, less robust, grows on the cliffs of Comondu. It
resembles the variable C. phoeniceus of Colorado.

Cereus maritimus M. E. Jones. — El Eosario.

Cereus Engelmanni Parry.— High mesas. San Julio, San
Pablo.

Cereus Emoryi Engelm. — Las Huevitas, El Eosario.

Cereus gummosus Engelm. Mr. Orcutt informs me that
Dr. Engelmann gave the name to this species, and death
prevented him from publishing it. This is the " pitahaya"
of Southern Lower California, the fruit of which is held in
such high esteem. It blossoms in April and ripens its
fruit in the fall. The flowers are 4-5 inches long, purple
and handsome. The bruised stems are used for stupefying
£sh. — Throughout the entire region traversed, abundant.

Cereus Cochal Orcutt. The color of the plants is rather
light green; they are much branched from the base, the
spines are short and few, and the flowers small and incon-
spicuous.— From the high mesas of Comondu to San Fer-
nando.

Cereus Pringlei Watson. "Cardon." Spines some-
times nearly two inches long. It grows to a height of fifty
feet, and in some localities forms forests, with the numerous
flowers generally growing upon the sun-exposed side.
Near the coast, and on Santa Margarita Island fish hawks
build their nests upon the top. — Seen throughout the whole
region nearly to San Quintin.

Cereus Thurberi Engelm. "Pitahaya dulce." Begins to
bloom in May, and later in the season matures a fine lus-
cious fruit. About Comondu the stems, which grow to a
height of fifteen feet, are cut green, and when dry furnish
fuel for making sugar '^pinoche." — Common northward to
San Fernando.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 163

Cereus Schottii Engelm. Known as "Lombre viejo"
or " cabeza vieja," so called from the resemblance of the
long, fine white spines of the top of the plant to a gray
head. — Comondu to San Quintin.

Cereus Eruca. ( Plate VII. ) Prostrate, very rarely
branched, 13-ribbed, 3-4 feet long, 3-4 inches in diameter;
rooting from the under side of the older growth, decaying
at one end and growing forward at the other, generally in
patches of 20-30, probably originating from a common cen-
ter: areolae 4-6 mm. in diameter, separated about the same
distance : spines about 20, stout, ash-colored, less than an
inch long, the exterior cylindrical, the interior stouter,
angular, somewhat and the lower central one much flat-
tened, more than an inch long, angular, strongly reflexed:
flowers and fruit not seen. Common on the sand of Magda-
lena Island and about San Jorge. Its local name is "cliil-
enola." The manner of growth, with uplifted heads and
prominent reflexed spines, gives the plants a resemblance
to huge caterpillars. The flowers are said to be yellow.

Cereus, sp. Small, vine-like, with neither flowers nor
fruit. — Santa Margarita and Magdalena Islands.

Opuntia (Platopuntia), sp. Agreeing with the descrip-
tion of 0. chlorotica excepting as to its fruit. The flowers
are yellow or nearly red, the stems densely retrorsely
spinose. — Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands, San
Jorge.

Opuntia (Platopuntia), sp. Spines few, joints large,
flowers yellow. — Comondu.

Opuntia (Platopuntia), sp. — Comondu cliffs.

Opuntia Engelmanni Salm. var.— In the northern part of
the Peninsula.

Opuntia Tuna Mill.— Cultivated at Comondu and Puris-
ima.

Opuntia invicta. Low, condensed, branching: joints 4

164 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

inches long, 2-3 inches thick: exterior radial spines 0-10,
interior spines 10-12, 4-angled or fattened, l-lj inches long,
striate, stout and thick, ash -colored at base, with lighter
points: ovary covered with reddish spines: flowers yellow,
two inches in diameter: seeds two mm. wide.

The short thick joints and branching habit combine to
give this species a strong resemblance to the Echinocerei.
The plants are about a foot high, covered with the stout
thorns and bear an abundance of yellow flowers. — Com-
mon about San Juanico and seen northward to El Campo
Aleman.

Opuntia (Cylindropuntia), sp. Kesembling 0. 'prolifera.
Flowers purple, fruit proliferous, and maturing many seeds.
— Santa Margarita and Magdalena Islands. San Jorge.

Opuntia (Cylindeopuntia), sp. Resembling 0. Bigelovii.
Flowers light yellow, stamens green, anthers yellow. —
Common at Calamujuet.

Opuntia prolifera Engelm. The plants are sometimes
almost spineless. — San Ignacio and northward.

Opuntia molesta. Stems few and sparingly branched, 4-
6 feet high: joints 6-8 inches long, an inch thick: tubercles
not prominent, few, bearing 4-6 spines less than a half-inch
long; and 1-3 spines 1-2 inches long: pulvillse of the ovary,
15-20, bearing a few short spines: fruit ovate, an inch long,
smooth, juicy: seeds 6 mm. in diameter, rounded, very ir-
regular in shape, deeply and coarsely lobed or tuberculated,
not evidently flattened in any direction: flowers purple, two
inches in diameter. — The long spines are sometimes not
present. — San Ignacio.

Opuntia (Cylindropuntia), sp. — Calmalli.

Opuntia (Cylindropuntia), sp. — Purisima, Comondu.

Opuntia, sp. This and the following species are related
to 0. leptocaulis. — Agua Dulce, San Enrique.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 165

Opuntia, sp. — San Gregorio.

Sesuvium Portulacastrum L. — Magdalena Island, San
Gregorio.

Trianthema monogyna L. — San Gregorio.

MoLLUGO Cambessidii Fenzl.

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. — San Benito, Cala-
mujuet to El Eosario; common and abundant thence to San
Quintin.

Arracacia Brandegei Coulter & Kose, n. sjj. Tall and
branching, glabrous: leaves large, twice or thrice ternate,
on short petioles with broad inflated sheathing base, the
petioles of upper leaves reduced to the sheath ; leaflets
broadly ovate, coarsely and irregularly serrate, mostly 2 to
3-lobed or even, parted, 2 to 3 in. long : umbel long-pedun-
cled, 8 to 12-rayed, with involucre wanting or a single oval
long-acuminate bract, and involucels of numerous long lin-
ear bractlets which are broadened at base ; rays 4 to 8 in.
long : pedicels an inch long : flowers purple ; calyx-teeth
wanting : stylopodium slender conical, from a very prom-
inent disc : fruit ovate to ovate-oblong, 3 to 5 lines long,
glabrous ; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals (occasionally
replaced by a group of 2 or 3 ) , two on the commissural
side. — Magdalena Island, January 28, 1889.

Apiastrum angustifolium Nutt — San Sebastian, San En-
rique.

CoRiANDRUM SATIVUM L. Escaped from cultivation. — Co-
mondu, Santa Margarita Island.

Daucus pusillus Mx. — San Esteban.
Leptocaulis echinatus Nutt. — San Sebastian.
Eryngium sp. — San Jorge.

Aralia scopulorum. ( Plate YIII.) Shrubby, 4-10 feet
high, glabrous: leaves pinnate, 3-6 inches long on petioles

166 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

1-3 inches long; leaflets 3-7, either petiolate or almost ses-
sile, broadly ovate, somewhat cnneate at base, coarsely ser-
rate, long-acnminate, the upper ones sometimes connate:
stipules ciiiate, adnate to the expanded base of the petiole,
which breaking away leaves the stem marked by the closely-
set adherent bases: calyx lobes minute: petals 5-6, imbri-
cate-valvate, triangular-ovate, the apex thickened at the
midvein within: anthers short-ovate, equal in number to the
petals: disk conical: ovary often 6celled; fruit 5-() ribbed:
panicle compound: peduncle elongated with few umbels;
pedicels numerous, a half inch long, very sparingly scabrous :
bracts and bractlets narrowly-lanceolate. The serratures
are tipped by often incurved teeth. — Common on the rocks
of Comondu Canon. Collected in March in flower and
young fruit.

Sambucus glauca Nutt. ? — El Kancho Vie jo.

Sambucus, sp. Introduced about the old missions and
ranches. The berries are used as a medicine. — Pnrisima,
Comondu.

Hedyotis (Ereicotis) asperuloides Bentli. — San Gre-
gorio.

Hedyotis (Ereicotis) MUCROXATABenth. Bot. Sulph. 19. —
Magdalena Island. Probably these species, althougli not
agreeing very well with the descriptions. The section
Ereicotis, to which they were referred, has since been in-
cluded in the genus Mallostoma, Gen. PI. ii, 60; but as
their determination is uncertain, the names are merely cop-
ied from Mr. Bentham's list.

Kandia ?, sp. "Papachi." — Comondu. In mature fruit
only.

Galium stellatum Kellogg. — San Borgia, Calamujuet.

Galium Aparine L. var. Vaillantii Koch. — San Julio.

Galium Bothrockii Gray. — San Julio Canon.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 167

Trichocoronis Wrightii Gray. — Comonclu, in clamp
places.

HoFMEiSTERiA PLURISETA Gray. These specimeus from
widely-separated localities, although differing much in hab-
it, pubescence, breadth of leaves and oven in pappus,
hardly warrant separation as species. Those found at Pur-
isima are nearly glabrous, with thin leaves somewhat cor-
date at base, nearly an inch wide: pappus of 5-6 scabrous
awns and as many broad, erose palepe. The Santa Maria
forms are densely pubescent, with leaves often reduced to
mere vestiges at the ends of long peduncles and pappus of
8-10 long awns with the intermediate palete prolonged into
slender bristles. Those from San Ignacio are intermediate
in every respect. — Purisima, San Ignacio, Santa Maria.

HoFMEiSTERiA FASCICULATA (Bentli.) Growing in dense
clumps along the seashore. The leaves vary from 3-lobed
and one-half inch broad to twice three-parted and five
times the size. The paleee of the pappus are evidently nor-
mally five in number, but are sometimes reduced to two or
three, in which case they are of unequal width, and can
easily be divided.— Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands.

HOFMEISTERIA PUBESCENS Watson. — Growing in dense
clumps among rocks and in canons. — San Benito.

Malperia tenuis Watson. Apparently this species, al-
though the style tips, somewhat enlarged upwards are
more exserted, and the awns and very short paleae are each
five in number. The specimens of this species and of Hqf-
meisteria show that too much reliance must not be placed
upon slight distinctions of pappus, and especially on the
number of segments into which a paleaceous crown may be
divided. — San Jose de Gracia.

Eupatorium:, sp. A large shrubby species. — San Julio
Caiion.

Eupatorium, sp. A shrubby species. — Comondu.

168 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

EuPATORiUM, sp. — San Pablo.

Brickellia hastata Benth. — Santa Margarita Island.

Brickellia Coulteri Gray.— San Gregorio.

Brickellia frutescens Gray. — Agua Dulce.

Gutierrezia Euthami^ T. & G.— San Quintin.

var. MICROCEPHALA, Gray. — Agua Dulce.

Greenllla ramulosa Greene. Probably this species,
though from the brief description certainty of identification
is impossible. It is often two feet high, the clavate heads
are not as conspicuously radiate as in the typical species; the
flowers of both disk and ray are white, changing to rose-
purple; the akenes are 2 mm. long, densely and strongly
upward hispid, not glandular; the pappus is multisetulose;
in the ray one-quarter and in the disk three-quarters the
length of the akene. This plant brings the genus much
nearer Gidierrezia, of which it has the style tips and recep-
tacle, and some species of which it strongly resembles.
Dr. Gray includes it in his subtribe Heterochromece, but all
the flowers in this species, and apparently those of G. Ari-
zoiiica, are white. — Llanos de San Julian, San Eaimundo.

Aplopappus gracilis (Nutt.) — San Sebastian, San En-
rique.

Aplopappus spinulosus (Pursh.) Some of the specimens
from San Gregorio have leaves with obtuse teeth, and are so
glandular that they stain the drying-papers. Possibly they
may be A. arenarius Benth. — San Gregorio, San Sebastian
and northward.

Aplopappus cuneatus Gray. — Ubi.

Aplopappus vernicosus. Suflrutescent, growing in clumps,
12-18 inches high, with slender intricate branches, slightly
pubescent, becoming glabrous and resinous: leaves 5-10
mm. long, punctate, cuneate-obovate, with 3-5 spinulose
lobes and an enlarged base decurrent upon the angled stem

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 169

both by the margins and midrib: heads axillary or in small
clusters terminating the branches, nearly cylindrical, 5-7
mm. long, with 3-5 ray and as many disk flowers, the
u}3per leaves passing into the outer ciliate-margined and
green-tipped bracts: akenes hispid, those of the ray appar-
ently infertile, oblong and twice the length of those of the
disk: pappus of numerous sordid, scabrous bristles. — ElRo-
sario.

SoLiDAGO, sp. — Santa Maria.

SoLiDAGO, sp. Only immature specimens of these species
of Solidago could be found so early in the season. — El
Kancho Yiejo.

BiGELOViA DIFFUSA Benth. — Magdalena Island.

BiGELOViA YENETA Gray. var. — Magdalena Island, Santa
Maria.

BiGELOViA BRACHYLEPis Gray. — El Eosario.

PsiLACTis CRISPA. A foot high branching from the
base, very glandular and leafy: leaves sessile, one lutlf to
one and a half inches long, linear oblong, irregularly and
incisely dentate, the dentations abruptly mucronate, heads
terminating the branches, half an inch high and an inch in
breadth; rays about 30, purple: inner involucral scales with
green somewhat spreading tips: corollas filiform, slightly
ampliate above: pappus of ray flowers none, of disk flow-
ers numerous bristles shorter than the corolla and of un-
equal length : akene silky pubescent. — This plant seems
to be perennial, and much resembles the Macliarantliera
section of Aster. — Alkaline soil San Joaquin, San Ignacio.

Aster Palmeri Gray (?). Foliage only. — San Gregorio.

Aster exilis Ell. — Comondu.

Aster spinosus Benth. Very stout and rigid, flowers an
inch in diameter. The stout spinose branches are often
themselves branched, giving them the appearance of three-
pronged spines. — Common about San Gregorio.

170 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Aster, sp. — San Fernando.

Ekigeron Canadensis L. — El Kosario.

Erigeron divergens T. & G. — San Julio.

CoNYZA CouLTERi Gray. — Comondu.

Baccharis glutinosa Pers. — San Gregorio, Comondu.

Baccharis sarothroides DC. — San Gregorio.

Pluchea subdecurrens Cass. Very glandular. — San Gre-
gorio.

Pluchea odorata Cass. Abundant and tall about
streams, — San Gregorio, Comondu.

Pluchea borealis Gray. — San Gregorio.

Stylocline gnaphalioides Nutt. — Calmalli.

FiLAGO Arizonica Gray. — Sao Benito.

Gnaphalium Sprengelii Hook & Arn. — San Gregorio.

Gnaphalium palustre Nutt. — San Jorge.

Gnaphalium decurrens Ives. — San Sebastian.

Parthenice mollis Gray. — San Gregorio, Comondu.

IvA Hayesiana Gray. — Socorro.

Hymenoclea Salsola T. & G. — San Ignacio and north-
ward .

Franseria tenuifolia Gray. F. Jiispida Bentli. probably
answers to one of the more hispid forms. — Santa Margarita
Island.

Franseria camphorata Greene. Keputed to possess me-
dicinal virtues — Abundant throughout the entire southern
region.

Franseria Magdalene. Suffrutescent, a foot or two high,
branching, leafy, strigose-puberulent: leaves 2-3 inches
long, oval or ovate in outline, pinnatisect nearly to the mid-
rib; the lanceolate segments incisely toothed, the lower

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 171

shorter and remote: inflorescence in simple racemes or the
few ? heads sometimes in short, branching clusters: in-
volucres of the slender-pedicellate, 30-40-flowered 6 heads
broadly companulate, 5-10-cleft, not surpassing the flowers;
palea3 of the receptacle reduced to mere threads: fruiting
involucre ovoid, 5 mm, long, 2-(lowered armed with subu-
late, hooked, rather weak spines Avhich are closely aggre-
gated about the very similar but shorter, incurved beaks. —
Magdalena Island.

Franseria acuminata. Suftrutescent nearly glabrous,
2 feet high, branching above: leaves mostly alternate,
bright green, very sparingly strigose-pubescent, 2-3 inches
long, 1-2 inches wide, ovate-lanceolate in outline, divided
nearly to the mid-rib into 3-8 pairs of unequal lanceolate-
acuminate lobes, the terminal portion long-acuminate: in-
florescence racemose-paniculate: involucre of 6 heads o-8
dentate, half the length of the few (10-20) flowers; paleje
of the receptacle minute, somewhat clavate: fruiting in-
volucres 5 mm. long, 2-flowered, clavate-ovoid, with few
very short incurved spines in two rows, and a single beak.
— Purisima.

This species is another of the intermediate forms which
too closely connect the genus with Ambrosia.

Franseria Bryanti Curran. Yery abundant in some lo-
calities.— Santa Margarita Island to Calm alii.

Franseria dumosa Gray. — El Llano de San tana.

Franseria divaricata. Sufi*rutescent, a foot or more
high, much branched, younger growth white -pubescent
and woolly in the axils :^ leaves minutely strigose-pu-
bescent, 1-lJ inches long and broad, on petioles of half
their length, deeply 3~5-lobed, the lobes doubly and
often deeply serrate or dentate, somewhat reniform at base
but often decurrent upon the petiole in several short lobes:
inflorescence loosely paniculate; terminal (S) racemes flex-
uous, heads distant; involucres 20- 30-flow^ered rotate, 5-10-

172 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

toothed, not surpassing the flowers; paleae of the receptacle
minute, ciliate sometimes dihited at apex: fruiting involucre
2-flowered, minutely-puberulent, 6-8 mm. armed with about
30 stout subulate, hooked spines, 2 mm. long: beaks 2,
stout, nearly equaling the spines. — ?an Gregorio.

In this, as in several of the other species, it is not un-
common to find more than one pistil from a single cell.

Feanseria flexuosa Gray. The specimens collected from
San Esteban represent an extreme form of the species. It
becomes eight feet high, the leaves are large and much dis-
sected, axils woolly, and the spines of the fruit are either
straight or hooked. Tiie involucres of the S heads (30-6-
flowered) are rotate, 5-10-cleft, not surpassing the flowers:
paleae of the receptacle linear-acuminate. — San Esteban.

Feanseria ambrosioides Cav. Growing in clumps eight
feet high. — San Gregorio.

Franseria chenopodiifolia Benth. The stout spines are
rather broadly dilated at base and canaliculate on the upper
surface. — In various forms from Magdalena and Santa Mar-
garita Islands to San Fernando.

Franseria ilicifolia Gray. Leaves often 3 inches long
and 2 inches broad, all the teeth spinose: S heads few
above the 9 , very broadly campanulate: lobes of the
about 10-tootlied involucre, subulate longer than the tube,
much exceeding the numerous (30-60) pubescent flowers:
palea3 of the receptacle linear-siDathulate, densely woolly-
pubescent.— Cajon de Santa Maria.

Xanthium strumarium L. — Growing around water-holes
near San Gregorio and Comondu.

Heliopsis buphthalmoides (Jacq). The specimens from
Santa Margarita Island are smaller and less pubescent than
the others and have much smaller heads. — Santa Margarita
Island, San Gregorio, Comondu.

EcLiPTA ALBA Hasskarl. — Purisima, Comondu.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 173

Helianthus niveus (Bentli.) Encelia nivea Benth. Bot.
Sulph. Helianthus dealbatas Gray, Syn. Fl. i, 28 & Supp.
450. Such species as this tend to reconcile botanists to
Baillon's sometimes rather sweeping reductions of genera.
In some of the specimens in the herbarium of the California
Academy of Sciences, which were collected at Ensenada
and San Quintin, the pappus consists sometimes of one
slender awn, sometimes of two thin pale^e. In these speci-
mens from Santa Margarita Island, the akenes are longer,
more silky-pubescent, and the very deciduous pappus con-
sists of two thin, scarious, lanceolate paleai, with usually two
smaller and shorter intermediate ones.

ViGUiERA DELTOIDEA Gray ? — Magdalena Island.

ViGUiERA LACINIATA Gray. —San Enrique.

ViGuiERA SUBINCISA Benth. — Santa Margarita and Magda-
lena Islands.

YiGUiERAMiCROPHYLLA Vasey& Rose. Common. SanEai-
mundo and northward.

ViGUiERA, sp. — Growing in masses 6 feet high, San
Gregorio.

ViGQiERA? PuRisiM^. Stems indurated 2 feet high,
branching from a perennial root, rough with rather sparse
strigose pubescence : leaves mostly opposite, broadly ovate-
acuminate, sinuate or obscurely dentate, callous pointed,
Ih inches long, an inch wide or less, attenuate at base
into a petiole of the same length, equally strigose-pubescent
upon both sides: heads 2-3 on short peduncles terminating
the branches, half-inch high: bracts of the involucre in
about 3 series, ovate-lanceolate, callous pointed, gradually
decreasing in size to the linear exterior ones, all conspicu-
ously ciliate with soft white hairs: rays neutral, 15-18 mm.
long; akenes effete, very narrowly-linear, smooth, triquet-
rous: paleye of the receptacle lacerate, the outer row ample,
flattened on the back and completelv enclosing the akenes ;

174 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

the inner rows narrow, keeled, only half enclosing their
akenes, which are a third shorter than those of the ray: disk
akenes linear, 4 angled, somewhat compressed, 2-4 mm. long,
somewhat pubescent especially on the alternate angles,
sometimes covered with a grayish scurf; in the same head
either naked or with a lacerate crown prolonged at one or
two of the angles into stout hispid awns continuous with
them. — Purisima.

ALVORDIA.

Heads small, sessile, flattened, glomerate, heterogamous:
flowers of the ray neutral, of the disk hermaphrodite. Invol-
ucre narrow, contracted above; bracts few-seriate, exterior
shorter, those of the receptacle embracing the akenes.
Anthers minutely auriculate at base. Style branches
linear-cuneate with short acute appendages. Akenes ob-
long, quadrangular, truncate at apex : pappus of 2-4 hispid-
paleaceous awns, and twice or thrice as many intermediate,
similar and smaller ones. Suffrutescent herb with opposite
nearly entire leaves, and pedunculate glomerules at the ends
of the branches and from the upper axils.

Named for William Alvord of San Francisco, in recogni-
tion of his well known unceasing interest in and efforts for
the furtherance of botanical knowledge, especially on the
Pacific Coast.

Alvordia glomerata. Perennial suflrutescent, 3 or 4 feet
high, scabrous: branches slender, spreading: leaves stri-
gose pubescent, remote, ovate-lanceolate, entire or sparingly
dentate, 3-nerved, 1-2 inches in length on petioles less
than half as long: heads 10-12 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, ses-
sile, closely glomerate at the ends of peduncles 1-2 inches
long, each branch usually ending in three glomerules, one
terminal and two arising from the axils of the upper pair of
leaves: involucres narrow, flattened, contracted above, con-
cave on the inner face; bracts about 6, the exterior shorter,
navicular, ciliate, thickened at base, the inner longer, obtuse,

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 175

ciliate and somewhat saccate at the tip; palete of the recep-
tacle acute enfolding the disk-akenes, the center of the head
occupied bj a hispid awn which is evidently an abortive
scale: flowers yellow, 4 or 5 in a head; rays 1 or 2, broadly-
oval, 5-6 mm. long, irregularly 1-6 notched; akenes effete
obscurely triangular, very slenderly linear, with a pappus
of 3-5 lanceolate paleae: flowers of the disk 2 or 3, tubular;
tube pubescent; akenes clavate-oblong, quadrangular, trun-
cate, pubescent above, shorter than the ray-akenes; pappus
of 2-4 lanceolate, hispid, paleaceous awns from the angles
of and about as long as the akene, and 6-12 intermediate,
shorter and similar, all easily deciduous. — Not uncommon
on the elevated mesas about Purisima and Comondu.

The small heads of this peculiar plant are so closely ap-
proximated that the outside bracts of those on the circum-
ference frequently simulate an involucre subtending the
glomerule, but careful inspection alwaj^s shows that they
are on different planes.

Encelia ventorum. Perennial, glabrous, much branched
from the base, 3-4 feet high, 2-3 inches thick; branches
and leaves succulent: leaves crowTled at the ends of the
branches, linear, 2 mm. wide, 2-3 inches long, with 3-4
linear, sometimes dentate lobes from the upper half: heads
. numerous, fragrant, with rather small and inconspicuous rays
half hidden by the clustered leaves: scales of the involucre
ovate-acuminate: palese of the receptacle truncate, thick-
ened and pubescent at tip: tube of the neutral ray hirsute
and nearly as long as the ligule: style branches acute: an-
ther tips obtuse: akenes awnless, hardly auriculate, margins
long-villous. — Common on th^ narrow strip of sand between
the lagoons and the ocean near the Boca de Las Animas.

Encelia laciniata Vasey & Kose. With ciliate involucral
scales. — San Gregorio.

Encelia Californica Nutt. — Socorro.

176 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Encelia Palmeri Vasey & Kose. — Magdalena Island and
San Gregorio.

Encelia conspersa Benth. — Magdalena Island.

Encelia radians. Perennial, stems herbaceous, 2 feet
high, white-tomentose at the lower nodes, nearly glabrous
above: leaves alternate, ovate-acuminate, undulate, 2-3
inches long on petioles ^ their length: inflorescence loosely
paniculate nearly naked. Peduncles 3-5 inches long :
heads showy, Ih inches broad: involucral bracts rather nar-
row, acuminate, beset with soft white hairs, sometimes
ciliate: bracts of the receptacle broad, 2-6 notched at apex,
the upper two-thirds pubescent: rays broad, 15 mm. long,
neutral: anther tips acute: style-branches broadened up-
ward, triangular with 3 apiculations at tip: akenes pubes-
cent on both surfaces, villous on the margins. — San Gre-
gorio.

BiDENS PILOSA L. — Comondu, Socorro.

Leptosyne parthenioides (Benth.) The leaves are some-
times very few and narrowly lobed or the upper entire;
sometimes much dissected. The rays are variable in number
and sometimes wanting, in color varying from lilac-purple
to nearly white with darker veins. The outer akenes have
a pappus of two short, retrorsely-hispid awns, sometimes re-
duced to mere vestiges, the inner ones naked and succes-
sively narrower; the thickened margin sometimes merely
rugose, sometimes dissected. Undoubtedly L. heterocarpa
Gray, and probably L. parthenioides, var. disseda Wsitson, of
Dr. Palmer's collection. — Magdalena Island, Comondu,
Purisima.

Leptosyne dissecta (Benth.) Perennial, suffrutescent,
growing in clumps among rocks; rays 1-6, yelloAv; akenes
smooth or muriculate on the back, the margins either en-
tire or dissected into lobes, the inner face, either with or
without a central ridge similar to the margin; in all the

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 177

specimens seen without awns. The plant agrees exactly
with Bentham's figure but is usually much larger, and so
far from being referable to L. partlienioides finds its closest
and perhaps too near relation in L. Arizonica. — Magdalena
Island.

Leptosyne Douglasii DC. — San Enrique.

Hemizonia fasciculata T. & G. — Las Huevitas.

Layia heteroteicha Hook. & Arn. — San Enrique.

Layia platyglossa Gray. — El Rosario.

Layia glandulosa Hook. & Arn. — San Quintin.

Jaumea caknosa Gray. — San Quintin.

Riddellia Cooperi Gray. — San Luis, San Sebastian, Agua
Dulce.

Baileya multiradiata Harv. & Gray. — Agua Dulce.

Perityle deltoidea Watson. Probably this species, but
the awn often wanting. — Common on Magdalena Island and
about Comondu.

Perityle Palmeri Watson. Plants larger in every way-
than the Guaymas specimens: leaves thin, nearly glabrous;
akenes compressed below the summit, with a stout subulate
awn. — Common on the cliffs at Comondu and Purisima.

Perityle Californica Benth.— The plants which answer
to Bentham's description and come from the same locality,
have, as he says, yellow rays, "ex sicco flavf© videnter,"
and akenes either hispid or smooth in the same head, with
a callous margin, a crown of lacerate squamellse, and the
awn, though usually present; often wanting. — Magdalena
Island.

Perityle Fitchii Torr. This species seems to be consid-
erably confused. Dr. Gray included in it var. Pahneri from
Guadalupe Island, and also growing abundantly about Santa

2d See., Vol. II. ( 13 ) December 5, 1889.

178 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Margarita and Magdalena Islands. The akenes of this
variety have thin margins, the rays are white, the pappus
consists of a slight but evident crown, with occasionally a
single, slender, retrorsely-hispid awn. Whether this form
can be kept in the species admits of a doubt; but there can
be none in the case of LajjJiamia peninsular is, which, de-
scribed from mere fragments in the Herbarium of the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences, has now been again collected
at Purisima and Comondu, and agrees with the original
description of P. Fitcliii — " Branches of the style tipped
with slender and acute, but rather short, appendages.
Achenia compressed, usually with two approximate nerves
at each margin, which are barely hirsute, terminated by a
small disk-shaped rather prominent areola, which is en-
tirely naked, there being no trace of a pappus." (P. R. R.
Rep. iv, 100) — better than any other specimens seen.

From the notes here given it would seem possible to
separate at least one species, but gradations occur, and
forms found at San Gregorio are almost exactly intermediate.
It is probable that the range of variation of the species in
this genus has been much underestimated.

Ba:RiA GRACILIS, Gray. — El Rancho Yiejo.

B^RIA, sp., a very small species. — Socorro.

Eriophyllum lanosum, Gray. — San Luis, Agua Dulce and
San Sebastian. The form found at the latter place has the
palege and awns of nearly the same length and barely dis-
tinguishable.

Amblyopappus pusillus, Hook & Arn. — From San Enrique
across the Peninsula to San Quintin.

Palafoxia arenaria. Perennial, decumbent, fleshy, much
branched from an indurated base, branches divaricate,
spreading, a foot or more long, pubescent and glandular:
leaves densely strigose-pubescent on both sides, linear,
obtuse |-1^ inches long, 3-6 mm. wide, narrowed at base

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. l79

into a short petiole, the lower opposite, the upper alternate:
heads few on peduncles 1-2 inches long, from the ends of the
branches and the upper axils: involucre of 10-12, linear
obtuse scales, 10-12 mm. long, exceeded about ^ by the
pale-purple flowers: rays, none: corolla lobes ovate, half as
long as the throat, a little longer than the tube: styles
hardly thickened upward: akenes linear-clavate 6-8 mm.
long; pappus of 2-5, palese with broad costate-thickened
center not reaching the tip, and as many or more intermedi-
ate, similar and shorter ones, the longer | the length of
the akene. — Growing on the sand strip between the lagoon
and the ocean near the Boca de Las Animas.

Palafoxia linearis. Lag. — Calmalli.

Ch^nactis carphoclinia, Gray. — Calamujuet, AgciaDulce.

CH.ENACTIS TENUiFOLiA, Nutt. — Agua Dulce.

Ch^nactis stevioides, Hook & Arn. — San Enrique.

Trichoptilium incisum. Gray.— San Gregorio, Santa
Maria.

Helenium puberulum, DC. — El Rosario.

POROPHYLLUM TRIDENTATUM, Benth. The involucral scales
are often furnished with three or four glands. — Magdalena
and Santa Margarita Islands, San Gregorio.

PoROPHYLLUM GRACILE, Benth. — Magdalena Island, San
Jorge.

PoROPHYLLUM CRASSIFOLIUM, Watson. — Pozo Grande.

NicoLLETiA Edwardsii, Gray.— San Gregorio, San Se-
bastian.

Dysodia porophylloides, Gray. — Calmalli.

Dysodia anthemidifolia, Benth.— il showy plant very
abundant in sandy soil near the ocean from San Jorge to
Calmalli.

Hymenatherum pextach^tum, DC. — San Fernando.

180 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Pectis papposa, Gray. — San Gregorio.

Pectis canescens, HBK. Probably a form of this poly-
morphus species. The plants are only a few inches high,
glabrous, with long-pecluncled heads and few setas on the
leaves, which have large sparse marginal glands. The
pappus is multisetulose in the disk, 2-auriculate setose in
the ray. — Comondu, Purisima.

Pectis multiseta, Benth. — San Gregorio, San Jorge.

CoTULA coRONOPiroLiA, L. — Socorro.

Artemisia Californica, Less. — Las Huevitas.

Artemisia, sp. Neither flowers nor fruit could be found.
Perhaps a form of A. Ludoviciana. — San Pablo.

Peucephyllum Schottii, Gray. — Calaraujuet.

Psathyrotes ramosissima, Gray. — Agua Dulce.

Lepidospartum squamatum, Gray. — El Campo Aleman.

Berbia juncea (Benth.) The leaves of these specimens
from the original locality are all entire, the outer series of
involucral scales broadly ovate and not acuminate, and the
pappus nearly equals the flowers. — Magdalena Island.

Bebbia atriplicifolia (Gray.) An extreme form has
leaves 2 inches long by IJ wide, the flowers usually
somewhat surpassing the pappus, and the involucral scales-
oblong and often acuminate. Between this and B. juncea
of Magdalena numerous connecting forms are found, and,
as Dr. Gray has written, there is probably but one species.
— San Gregorio, Comondu.

Senecio Douglasii, DC. — Agua Dulce.

Senecio Lemmoni, Gray. A form with narrow linear
leaves, more wooly in the axils. — San Esteban.

Cnicus Neo-Mexicanus, Gray. — San Sebastian.
Cnicus, sp. Eight feet high, flowers purple, bracts fim-
briate.— Common along the banks of Comondu Creek.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 181

Cnicus, sp. — San Benito.

Teixis angustifolia, DC. — Magdalena Island.

Perezia Palmeri, Watson. — Paraiso.

Stephanomeria virgata, Benth. — El Llano de Santana.

Stephanomeria runcinata, Nutt. — Calmalli, Calamujuet.

Rafinesquia Neo-Mexicana, Gray. — San Esteban, San
Enrique.

MiCROSERis LINEARIFOLIA, Gray. — San Pablo.

Malacothrix Clevelandi, Gray. — El Ranch o Viejo.

Malacothrix glabrata, Gray. — San Sebastian, San
Borgia, Cardon Grande.

Malacothrfk Coulteri, Gray. — San Enrique.

Malacothrix Xanti, Gray.— Santa Margarita Island, Co-
mondu.

Lygodesmia exigua. Gray. — El Llano de Santana.

Lactuca intybacea, Jacq. — San Jorge, San Gregorio,
Comondu.

SoNCHUS tenerrimus, L. — San Jorge.

SoNCHUS,ASPER, Yill. — Comondu.

Nemacladus ramosissimus, Nutt. — Agua Dulce.

Specularia biflora, Gray. — San Julio Canon.

Arctostaphylos bicolor ( Nutt. ) — El Rancho Viejo.
Leaves rather broad, only slightly revolute.

Pholisma arenarium, Nutt. — Socorro.

Plumbago scandens, L. — Purisima.

Statice Limonium, L. — San Quintin.

Samolus ebracteatus, HBK. — San Gregorio. Flowers
pink.

182 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Samolus Valerandi, L. — San Enrique, Las Huevitas.

SiDEKOXYLON LEUCOPHYLLUM, Watson. — Cajon de Santa
Maria.

BuMELTA, sp. — San Jose de Gracia.

Fraxinus dipetala, Hook & Arn., var. trifoliata, Torr.
Las Huevitas.

Fraxinus pistaci^folia, Torr.? — San Benito, San Jose
de Gracia. Sometimes a tree 30 feet high.

Menodora scoparia, Engelm. — El Kancho Yiejo, San
Julio Canon.

Apocynum Cannabinum, L. — San Enrique.

Yallesia dichotoma, Kuiz & Pavon. — San Gregorio. The
same as Dr. Palmer's No. 32 from Muleje, with nearly
glabrous punctate leaves, very small flowers, and the horny
covering of the fruit underneath the sarcocarp, cribrose in
longitudinal lines, the ribs anastomosing near the apex.

Vallesia laciniata. Shrubby 2-3 feet high with short
stiff branches, and light green leaves usually folding in dry-
ing: young growth densely, minutely pubescent, nearly
glabrous in age: leaves entire oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at
base, mucronately acute at apex, rather prominently pin-
nate-veined: 30-60 mm. long, 15-30 mm. wide, on petioles
5-8 mm. long : stipules and bracts laciniately cleft: peduncles
10-15 mm. long, simple or di-trichotomously once or twice
branched; cymes densely 15-25 flowered; pedicels 3-4 mm.
long : calyx cleft to the base with ovate-acuminate lobes about
1 mm. long: corolla 12-15 mm. long, the oblong-oval lobes
hairy at the base, nearly J the length of the tube, which is
hairy within: stamens nearly sessile, triangular, apiculate:
carpels of the ovary distinct, styles united but easily separ-
able, stigma above the ring-like thickened portion flattened,
2-lobed; ovules 10-15 in each carpel: drupe by abortion
usually only one, fleshy, white, oblong-oval 10-12 mm. long;

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 183

endocarp in two layers, the inner projecting in ridges
through the oblique cribrose openings of the outer; testa
endosperm and embryo all correspondingly ridged or nodu-
lated: seed attached by a prominent black funiculus above
the middle of the ventral face; cotyledons thick, oblong
twice as long as the stout radicle. — San Sebastian, Co-
mondu.

Philibertia LINEARIS (Decaisne). The specimens from
the sands of Magdalena Ba}^ exactly agree with the descrip-
tion of Sarcostemma arenarium, Bot. Sulph., 84; those from
Comondu with leaves auriculate-cordate, 10-20 mm. wide at
base, were found climbing high over bushes and hedges.

AscLEPiAS EROSA Torr. — Agua Dulce.

AscLEPiAS SUBULA.TA Decaisne. — San Gregorio, El Eosario.

AscLEPiAS ALBICANS Watson. — Magdalena Bay, Santa
Maria. Woody at base. Leaves in these specimens often in
pairs; fleshy appendages between the bases of the hoods
hardly lobed.

Metastelma Californicum Benth. — Magdalena Island,
Comondu. Woody at base. Scales of the crown nearly twice
surpassing the gynostegium. Follicles linear-acuminate,
50-70 mm. long, 5-7 wide. Veins of the leaves either ob-
scure or apparent.

GoNOLOBUS hastulatus Gray. — San Joaquin, San Ignacio,
Calmalli.

GoNOLOBUS, sp. — Purisima.

HiMANTOSTEMMA Pringlei Gray. Stems woody at base.
Leaves often more than an inch long, the lower reniform.
Follicles oval, long-acuminate, 60-110 mm. long, 15-20
wide, echinate with long subulate lobes. — Santa Margarita
Island.

BoTHROCKiA CORDIFOLIA Gray. — San Sebastian, in fruit
only.

184 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Lachnostoma Arizonicum Gray. — San Julio Canon.
Climbing high in bushes and in fruit only.

EusTOMA EXALTATUM Griseb. — San Gregorio.

Erythema Muhlenbergii Griseb. — Socorro, San Benito,
San Luis.

Erythr^a venusta Gray. — San Enrique.

ErythRtEA DouGLASii Gray. Elowers white. Las Hue-
vitas.

GiLiA SCHOTTII (Torr.) — Calamujuet, San Enrique.

GiLiA TENUIFOLIA Gray. Some of the forms 2 feet high,
rather densely pubescent and nearly all the leaves lobed.^ — -
Ubi, or, as it is often called by the Mexicans, Agua Bonita.

GiLiA GLORIOSA (Plate IX). Shrubby, densely branched
and forming rounded clumps 3-4 feet high, and as broad,
glandular-pubescent, strongly spinose from the persistent
divaricate leaves, which in the older branches remain as
blackened thorns subtending crowded fascicles of much
shorter simple acicular ones : principal leaves stout-subulate,
an inch long or less, with four remote subulate lobes, the
lower near the base, those of the axillary fascicles flattened,
acerose, not half as long: flowers on short peduncles from
the upper axils: calyx 10-12 mm. long, nearly twice the length
of the peduncle, the linear-acerose lobes nearly as long as
the tube, which is membranous in the intervals: corolla
pale pink, or nearly white, shading into rose-color; tube
funnelform, twice as long as the equally-cleft oval, entire
lobes, and. three times as long as the calyx; filaments
attached to the lower third of the tube, naked, straiglit, ex-
serted; anthers sagittate at base: style shortly 3-lobed, a
little shorter than the stamens: ovary many-ovuled. — Ubi.

It would be difficult to exaggerate the beauty of this
plant, as it is seen growing in rounded masses, with the
many-shaded large blossoms crowded towards the ends of
the branches; unfortunately, as it was just coming into

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 185

bloom, no seed could be obtained. It appears to be very
local, having been observed only during an hour's journey,
and not again met with.

GiLiA PUNGENS (Torr.) — Ubi.

GiLiA Palmeri Watson. — Calmalli.

var. More puberulent, leaves often with one or

two lobes near the base, and calyx-lobes longer. — Cala-
mujuet.

GiLiA INCONSPICUA Dougl. — Forms from San Sebastian,
San Borgia.

GiLiA FLOCCOSA Gray. — Santa Maria, Las Huevitas, Agua
Dulce.

GiLiA FILIFOLIA Nutt. — San Julio, El Llano de Santana.

GiLiA BiGELOVii Gray. — San Sebastian.

Nemophila racemosa Nutt. — San Esteban.

Ellisia chrysanthemifolia Benth. — San Esteban, Co-
mondu.

Emmenanthe penduliflora Benth. — San Benito, San Es-
teban.

Phacelia ramosissima Dougl. — El Rancho Viejo.

Phacelia DISTANS Benth. — El Rosario, Calmalli, San Julio.

Phacelia hispida Gray. — San Enrique, Paraiso.

Phacelia pauciflora Watson. Calyx-lobes not divided
to the base, one of them often expanded and 2-3 lobed.
Seeds scrobiculate. — San Esteban, San Benito.

Phacelia pedicellata Gray. — San Luis, San Enrique,
San Sebastian.

Phacelia crenulata Torr. — San Joaquin, San Luis, San
Fernando.

Phacelia (Euphacelia) scariosa. Annual, erect, branch-
ing from the base, villous-pubescent and glandular: leaves

186 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

2-3 inches long, petiolate, pinuately divided into 3-5 ovate-
oblong, crenate or incised lobes, the terminal much the
largest: racemes open, elongate, often dichotomous; pedi-
cels filiform, villous 3-5 mm. long, deflexed in fruit: calyx
villous, 2-3 mm. long, the broadly-obovate lobes cleft to
the base, becoming conspicuously enlarged and thin-sca-
rious in fruit : corolla bright blue with white throat, twice as
long as the calyx, the rotate limb as long as the throat; ap-
pendages uniting below over the filaments, which are mod-
erately exserted: style cleft one-third its length, the lower
third and the ovary pubescent; capsule globular, less than
half as long as the fruiting calyx: seeds dull, minutely
favose-reticulated, the margins and the central ridge cor-
rugate.— Magdalena Island.

Phacelia affinis Gray. — El Rancho Viejo.

Phacelia micrantha Torr. — Paraiso, El Eancho Yiejo.

In most of these specimens, there is to be found no trace
of transverse folds in the throat. They are, however, other-
wise undistinguishable from forms collected in Arizona, and
share with them a peculiarity which appears not to have
been noticed, and which approaches the species somewhat
to § Eucrypta of Ellisia, the capsule being lined with a pair
of thin conformed placentae, each of which, in addition to
the numerous grub-like seeds borne on the face, has an ad-
ditional similar one behind it.

Nama demissum Gray. — San Gregorio.

Nama hispidum Gray var. — San Gregorio.

Nama stenocarpum Gray. — Comondu. In the solitary ex-
ample collected of this rather homely but interesting plant,
the filaments are bordered in their lower third by linear
appendages which terminate as tooth -like processes above,
the 3 or 4 styles are united half their length, and the cap-
sule has as many placentae as there are styles. The range
of the species has been recently extended northward by

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 187

Dr. H. E. Hasse, who has collected fine specimens at
Santa Monica.

CoRDiA Palmeri Watson. — Magdalena Island.

Probably from the locality, the plant mentioned in Bot.
Sulph. 37, as apparently identical with the West Indian C.
angustifolia Koem. et Schult.

CoRDiA Greggii Torr. — San Ignacio.

TouRNEFORTiA, sp. Weak bush 4-6 ft. high. — Comondu,
Purisima.

TouRNEFORTiA, sp. Low brandling shrub. — Cliffs of
Comondu.

TouRNEFORTiA, sp. Heibaceous velvety - pubescent per-
ennial.— Comondu.

TOURNEFORTIA, sp. Perennial. — Comondu.

Heliotropium Curassavicum L. — Magdalena Islaud and
northward.

Heliotropium inundatum Swartz. — San Gregorio.

Coldenia canescens DC. — San Gregorio, Calamujuet.

COLDEXIA ANGELICA Watson. — Calamujuet.

Harpagonella Palmeri Gray. — San Esteban, San Julio.

Pectocarya linearis DC. — San Esteban.

Krynitzkia barbigera Gray. — San Sebastian, San Luis.

Krynitzkia racemosa (Watson.) — San Enrique, San Julio
Canon, San Sebastian, Santa Maria.

Maturing all four nutlets but one attached by a mucJi
broader base, and much more persistent than the others.

Krynitzkia micrantha (Torr.) — San Sebastian.

Krynitzkia maritima Greene. — Santa Margarita Island.

Krynitzkia micromeres Gray. — Magdalena Island.

Krynitzkia, sp. — Magdalena Island.

188 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Krynitzkia, sp. — Santa Margarita Island, San Ignacio.

Amsinckia intermedia F. & M. — San Julio, San Enrique.

Jacquemontia abutiloides Benth. — Magdalena Bay, etc.

IroMiEA AUREA Kell. — Purisima. A woody perennial,
covering small trees with a mass of golden bloom. Fruiting
calyx 30 mm. long; seeds nearly globose 10 mm. long, cov-
ered with dark brown, minute tomentum. Calyx longer
than the tube, broadly campanulate, 40-50 mm. long, pe-
duncles long, solitary; bracts remote from the flower.

Ipom^a Bona-nox L. — Along the streams at Comondu.

Ipom^a trifida Don. var. — Climbing high among the
bushes of Comondu Creek.

Ipom^a, sp. — Comondu.

Ipom^a, sp. — Comondu.

Ipom^a Jicama. Perennial, glabrous, somewhat twining,
with numerous slender stems, prostrate or climbing 4-6 feet
high in bushes: roots bearing tuberiform juicy swellings
2-4 inches in diameter: leaves ovate-acuminate, cordate at
base, entire, angulate or sinuate- dentate, 30 mm. long and
broad, on petioles of the same length: peduncles solitary,
20-50 mm. long with a pair of very unequal bracts near the
middle: calyx-lobes oblong-ovate, loug-apiculate, the inner
15 mm. long, the outer successively shorter: corolla funnel-
form, white changing to purple in fading, 60-80 mm. long,
the tube a little longer than the calyx: stigma 2-globose,
lobulated: capsule 4-seeded, seeds somewhat rounded dense-
ly covered with dark brown pubescence. — Magdalena Island,
Santa Margarita Island, San Jorge.

EvOLVULUS ALSINOIDES L. — Purisima.

Cressa cretica L. — Magdalena Island, San Gregorio.

CuscuTA patens Benth. — Magdalena Island. Growing on
Bursera Hindsiana, Pierostegia macrpptera, etc.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 189

CuscuTA, sp. — On Boerliaavia. — Santa Margarita Island.
CuscuTA, sp.— On Eriogonum. — San Fernando.
CuscuTA, sp. — On Astragalus. — San Jorge, Comondu.
CuscuTA, sp. — On Franseria. — San Pablo.
CuscuTA, sp. — On Caiiowrightia. — El Kanclio Viejo.

CuscuTA Veatchii. Stems slender, branching; scales few
and small: flowers few in the clusters, small: calyx narrow-
ly campanulate at base, wdth ovate-lanceolate lobes: corolla
3 mm. long, twice as long as the calyx, its slender lobes, as
w^ell as those of the latter denticulate on the margin and
somewhat reflexed-spreading: filaments shorter than the
stamens, attached just below the sinus; appendages broad,
nearly as long as the tube, fimbriate above: styles 2, short,
stout, unequal; stigmas globular; ovules 4. only one appar-
ently ever maturing: seed globular; embryo large, solid,
globose, minutely tessellated, with a terete curved append-
age (radicle ?) scarcely longer than the diameter of the
globular portion; albumen apparently none. — Ubi, San
Enrique, Santa Maria.

This very remarkable species of Cuscuta grows upon
Vtaiclua discolor, and in the interior, where the tree is taller,
frequently covers the whole top with a mass of yellow. As
the parasite was often 6-8 feet from the ground, with
no intermediate growth, it did not seem that it had germi-
nated in the usual way on the earth. Perhaps the very
unusual formation of the seed may be intended to furnish
support to the infant plant in beginning its growth in
a crotch of the tree or a fold of the cracking bark. The
specimens were just coming iiito flower, and the descrip-
tion of the seed is drawn from such as could be obtained
from a dried and persisting tangle of the previous year's
grow^th.

Nicotiana ipomopsifloea Dunal " Tabaco de coyote." —
San Gregorio.

190 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

NicoTiANA Clevelandi Gray. " Tabaco de perro." —
Magdalena Island, San Fernando.

NicoTiANA GLAUCA Grab am. — San Ignacio.

Physalis ckassifolia Bentli. Probably, from the descrip-
tion, the same as P. ghtbra. — Magdalena Island.

Physalis, sp. — Comondu.

Physalis, sp. — Comondu.

Physalis, sp. — Comondu.

Physalis, sp. — Calamnjuet, Cajon de Santa Maria.

Physalis, sp. — Calmalli.

Petunia parviflora Juss. — San Gregorio, Comondu, etc.

Datura discolor Bernli.— Magdalena Island.

Datura meteloides DC. — Purisima.

Lycium Eichii Gray. — San Quintin.

Lycium Andersonii Gray. — El Llano de Santana.

var. PUBESCENS Watson. — Comondu. In fruit

only.

Lycium, sp. — Magdalena Bay.

Lycium, sp. — Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands.

Lycium, sp. — Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands.

MoHAVEA visciDA Gray. — Calamujuet, Cajon de Santa
Maria.

Antirrhinum cyathiferum Benth. — Magdalena Island.

Antirrhinum Watsoni, V. & E. — Magdalena and Santa
Margarita Islands.

Antirrhinum subsessile Gray. — Ubi, San Esteban.

Antirrhinum junceum (Benth.) — San Julio Canon, Las
Huevitas.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 191

Pentstemon Palmeri Gray. — San Luis, Agua Dulce.
Eight feet high.

Pentstemon spectabilis Gray. — Las Hue vitas.

Pentstemon Clevelandi Gray. — Ubi.

MiMULUS PILOSUS (Benth.) — San Ignacio.

MiMULUS floribundus Dougl. — San Ignacio, Comondu,
Purisima.

MiMULUS luteus L. — San Pablo, San Sebastian, Santa
Maria.

Stemodia durantifolia Swartz. — San Pablo, Jesus Maria,
Purisima.

Stemodia polystachya. Suffrutescent, minutely and
sparsely glandular-pubescent, dividing near the base into
numerous slender, angled stems about a foot high, and
branching above : leaves opposite, triangular-ovate in out-
line, pinnately parted or incised in the manner of Conohea
multifida, and decurrent into petioles of about the same
length: flowers 1-2 in the axils, on slender pedicels of about
their own length: lobes of the calyx acuminate, nearly
equal, without bracts: corolla purple, with yellowish throat
8-10 mm. long; ux^per lip emarginate, lobes of the lower
denticulate; tube hairy below the insertion of the stamens:
anther-cells disjoined and pedicellate; rudiment of the pos-
terior stamen somewhat capitate: ovary ovate-acuminate, a
little exceeding the calyx-lobes, septicidal: valves entire;
placental column 2-cleft: seeds spiral -striate. — San Gre-
gorio, Comondu.

This plant and Conohea intermedia, in which the rudiment
of the fifth stamen is also present, though very minute, ap-
pear to break down all distinctions between the two genera.

Herpestis (Mercadonia) exilis. Annual, glabrous, erect,
3-6 inches high, seldom branching: leaves penninerved,
ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 10-15 mm. long, serrate above the

19!^ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

middle and tapering at base into a margined petiole of less
than its own length : flowers axillary on slender pedicels
2-4 times as long as the leaves: calyx 5 mm. long, the pos-
terior oblong-lanceolate sepal of the same form and but
little longer than the two anterior: corolla yellow, twice the
length of the calyx, upper lip entire, pubescent in the throat
with glandular hairs: anther cells divergent, the rudiment
of the posterior one often present as a minute capitate ap-
pendage to the tube: style dilated, barely 2-lobed at apex:
valves of the capsule shortly 2-cleft; seeds oblong with a
minutely reticulated coat. — San Jorge.

Veronica peregrina L. — San Julian.

Castilleia foliolosa Hook & Arn. — El Ranch o Viejo.

Castilleia stenantha Gray. — Socorro.

Castilleia Bryanti. Annual, six inches to two feet high,
rough-pubescent with spreading hairs: branches from near
the base, slender, erect; fruiting spike often much elon-
gated: lower two or three pairs of leaves linear, entire, the
succeeding divided into 3-7 long-linear lobes: bracts similar
to tlie upper leaves, their tips and those of the calyx usually
red or ochroleucous: calyx cleft half way, about equally
before and behind, the lobes cleft either shortly or for
nearly a third of their length into lanceolate segments:
corolla about equaling the calyx, 15-18 mm. long; galea less
than a third as long as the tube; the lower lip with 3 short
incurved lobes: stamens 2, 3 or din the same plant: capsule
oblong-oval, half as long as the calyx: seeds minute, the
diaphanous coat rather close. — San Jorge, San Esteban.

Orthocarpus purpurascens var. Palmeri Gray. — San
Enrique.

CoRDYLANTHUS MARITIMUS Nutt. — San Quintin.

CoRDYLANTHUs Orcuttianus Gray. — Las Huevitas.

Aphyllon Californicum (Cham. & Sclil.) — El Eosario

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 193

Aphyllon Coopem Gray. — Purisima, El Ranclio Yiejo.

Tecoma stans Juss. — Comondu.

Chilopsis saligna Don. — Calamujuet.

Martynia altheefolia Bentli. — Magdalena Island.

Martynia ? A single specimen, perhaps a de-
pauperate form of M. fragrans Lindl. — Purisima.

Elytraria tridentata Valil. — Purisima, Comondu.

RuELLiA, sp Same as Palmer's No. 196 from Guaymas.
— Comondu, San Gregorio.

RuELLiA, sp. — Comondu.

Beloperone Californica Bentli. — Magdalena Bay. Lobes
of the lower lip very short; lower side of the throat rugose-
veiny; tube near the base furnished with two prominent
hispid appendages formed by the confluence of two con-
verging veins, and taking the place of the posterior stamens:
retinacula broad, obtuse, often denticulate: seeds smooth,
nearly globular; cotyledons nearly hemispherical, the inner
surface veined, radicle strongl}^ incurved. — Magdalena and
Santa Margarita Islands.

The flowers in these specimens are all pedicellate, but
otherwise difl'er very sliglitly from Bentham's description,
and Ensign McCormick, of U. S. S. Albatross, collected
tliis year specimens at Cape St. Lucas, the original locality,
which agree exactly with it, and they, as well as the Magda-
lena forms, have globular, smooth seeds. Our specimens
from Southern California are .too young, but if Dr. Gray
(Syn. Fl. ii, pt. i, 329) is not in error in describing the
seeds as " turgid," " coarsely rugose," they must belong to
a ditferent species. The upper anther seems not in any of
the forms to be ever truly maticous, but only less calcarate
than the lower.

2d Ser., Vol. II. ( 14 ) December 17, 1889,

194 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

var. CONFERTA. Brandies whitish, with clown-

ward appressed pubescence : leaves ovate-lanceolate, 20-40
mm. long, light-green, glabrate, veiny below, more or less
upon short petioles: inflorescence of short axillary racemes,
sometimes of solitary flowers: bracts and bracteoles foliose
oblanceolate, the latter a third longer than the calyx,
which is deeply cleft into 5 lanceolate - acuminate, equal
lobes: corolla red, 25-35 mm. long, the narrow tube
rather inconspicuously appendaged at base, about the
length of the bilabiate limb; upper lip very shortly 2-lobed ;
the somewhat spreading lower lip rugose-veiny in the throat
and divided for one-third its length into oblong lobes: sta-
mens adnate to the tube nearly its whole length; anthers
oblique, the upper nearly muticous, the lower shortly calca-
rate: style filiform; stigma not enlarged; ovules 4; young
seeds apparently turgid, smooth. — San Julio Caiion.

Beloperone hians. Sufi'rutescent, woody at base, with
numerous slender branches, pubescent or glabrate: leaves
ovate, oval or oblong, acute or obtuse, shortly petiolate:
flowers solitary and sessile in the axils : bracts and bracte-
oles linear, acute, shorter than the calyx, which is deeply
5-parted, 7 mm. long, the linear lobes acute: corolla red,
25-35 mm. long; tube funnelform not appendaged, much
shorter than the deeply bilabiate limb; upper lip barely
emarginate, the lower cleft for more than a third its length
into oblong, widely spreading lobes: filaments adnate to
the whole length of the tube; upper cell of the anther a
third the larger, both very minutely calcarate and widely
spreading at base: style filiform; stigma not enlarged;
ovary 4-ovuled: capsule clavate-oblong, about 15 mm. long,
the sterile base no longer than the upper part and exceeded
by the calyx-lobes : seeds flattened, glabrous, coarsely
rugose; cocyledons reniform with the short radicle incurved
towards the sinus. — Comondu.

This sjDecies might as well and perhaps better be put into
Jnsticia, but it so strongly resembles Beloperone Cali/ornica

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 195

as to be taken for a slight variation of it in tlie first hasty
examination of this collection. From the character of its
seeds it may even be that a fruiting fragment of it fur-
nished Dr. Gra}^ with the description which was alluded to
under the previous species. The order is much in need of a
careful revision.

JuSTiciA INSOLITA. Suffrutescent, a foot or more high,
with many short, stiff, almost spinose, minutely white-
tomentose, bi-anches: leaves oblong-ovate to lanceolate, mi-
nutelv pubescent or almost glabrous, short-petioled 15-2 •
mm. long: flowers sessile, scattered: bracts and bractlets
linear-acuminate: calyx 7 mm. long, deeply 4-parted, tin;
linear-acuminate segments twice as long as the bractlets:
corolla rose-purple, about 20 mm. long, deeply bilabiate,
the tube very short and broad, 2-sulcate at base in front,
the two deeper posterior ones a little higher; throat ampli-
ate rugose-veined; limb deeply bilabiate, 3 or 4 times
longer than the tube, the upper lip galeate, emarginate or
ver}^ shortly notched, the lower 8-parted into oblong-ovate
lobes: stamens inserted in the throat; anthers muriculate
on the sides; cells parallel but not even, widely separated
by a broad connective; the upper muticous, the lower with
a spur of variable length: style filiform; stigma minutely
capitate; ovary 4-ovuled: capsule 16-18 mm. long, the
sterile portion the longer: seeds fiat, oblique at base, dense-
ly covered with retrursely barbed bristles; embryo small in
the loose testa; cotyledons oval; radicle short incurved. —
San Gregorio.

Berginia virgata Harv. Agreeing exactly with the de-
scription, as far as can be made out, but if the reference is
correct, Priivjleofhytmn lanceolatam can hardly be specific-
ally distinct. — Purisima.

DiANTHERA SoNOR^ Watsou ?— Purisima.

Carlowrightia cordifolia Gray ? — San Julio, Comondu.

196 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

DiCLiPTERA RESUPINATA Juss. — Comondu.
Lantana Camara L. — Comondu.
LiPPiA NODIFLORA Mx. — Sail Gregorio.
LippiA Palmeei Watson, — Maodalena Island.

"&'

LiPPiA (Zapania) barbata. Shrubby: leaves pinnate-
veined, crenate, round-ovate, obtuse or a little decurrent
upon the short petiole, 15-25 mm. long and broad, rugose-
veined, soft pubescent beneath, rough-strigose above :
peduncles solitary in the axils, stout, short, much exceeded
by the oblong heads: bracts silky pubescent, broadly ovate,
all distinct, a little shorter than the white (?) corolla: calyx
not half as long as the bracts, formed of two, lateral, navic-
ular, acute segments covered with long white hairs, clos-
ing over the cohering nutlets and deciduous with them :
corolla 7-8 mm. long, bilabiate, the upper lip erect, entire;
lower spreading 3-lobed: stamens sessile, nearly equally at-
tached high in the tliroat: style short: stigma somewhat
2-lobed.

Described from fragments brought for culinary purposes
by a Mexican of Comondu from "La Giganta" a neighbor-
ing mountain.

LiPPiA FASTIGIATA. Shrubby about a foot high, with
numerous slender, fascicled, white-tomentose branches:
leaves densely tomentose, sessile, cuneate-lanceolate, and
broadly crenate above the middle, usually opposite, but
sometimes ternate, 10 20 mm. long, 4-6 wide: peduncles
solitary, stout, 2-4 times as long as the leaves; heads
hemispherical to oblong, few-flowered; bracts ovate,
distinct, calyx much exceeding the bracts; densely covered
with short white avooI, lobes two, united nearly to the
top and truncate: corolla white (?), 5 mm. long, a third
longer than the calyx; tube cylindrical; limb bilabiate, the
upper lip 2-lobed, the lower 8-cleft, all the lobes crenate:
stamens unequally inserted on filaments longer than the

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 197

anther; cells somewhat separated and oblique on a dilated
connective: pistil very short the style only ^ mm. long,
disk-like stigma attached to the front of the upper half,
ovules 1 in each cell.

Given to me at San Benito by a Mexican who collected it
from some point nearer the Pacific and used it as a tea
under the name "Damiana."

Verbena xutha Lehm — San Enrique, Agua Dulce, San
Julio.

Verbena ciliata Benth. — Purisima. Leaves broader than
usual.

Verbena, sp. — San Gregorio.

GiTHAREXYLUM FLABELLIFORME Watson. — Comondu. Fifth
stamen sometimes antheriferous.

Ayicennia nitida Jacq. — Magdalena and Santa Margarita
Islands,

Hyptis, sp. — Santa Margarita and Magdalena Islands.
Possibly a form of H. Emori/i, with large leaves and very
woolly shortly-pedunculate heads — certainly not H. laiii-
flora or H. tepJirodes from the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas.

Mentha Canadensis L. var. glabrata Benth. — Comondu.

Hedeoma thymoides var. oblongifolia Gray. — El Eancho
Viejo.

Salvia Columbaria Benth. — Paraiso, Cardon Grande.

Salvia Cedrosensis Greene. — Magdalena Island, San
Gregorio.

Salvia (Calosphace), sp.— San Pablo.

Salvia (Heterosphace) Californica. Shrubby, 2-3 feet
high, densely white-tomentose, with branching wool : leaves
sessile, oblong, 15-25 mm. long, irregularly coarsely den-
tate or lobed, the lobes somewhat acutely pungent: fruiting
spike elongated, interrupted; verticils remote, 4-8 flowered;

198 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

bracts ovate-acnminate: calyx campanulato, 6 mm. long,
scarcely bilabiate, shortly, acutely and nearly equally 5-
tootlied, the posterior a little longer: corolla light-blue, 12
mm. long; tube slender, cylindrical; posterior lip 2-cleft,
anterior as long as the tube, the lateral lobes much shorter
than the triangular-ovate, fimbriate, middle one: connect-
ives free, long-exserted; the lower fork one-third as long as
the upper, and terminated by a small antheriferous cell: style
filiform, exceeding the stamens, shortly and unequally 2-
lobed. — Calmalli, Cardon Grande.

AuDiBERTiA Palmer r Gray. — San Fernando.

AuDiBERTiA POLYSTACHYA Beuth. — Agua Dulce, Santa
Maria.

Teucrium glandulosum Kell. — San Jorge, San Julio
Canon.

Salizaria Mexicana Torr. — El Llano de Santana.

Marrubium vulgare L. — San Julio.

Plantago Patagonica Jacq. — San Gregorio.

Plantago Virginica L. var. longifolia Gray. — San Julio.

Plantago major L. — Comondu.

Mirabilis LiEVis (Beuth.) — Smooth at Magdalena Island;
very viscid at Patrocinia and San Julio Canon.

Mirabilis tenuiloba Watson. — Common about San Borgia.
Very woody at base; flowers white and fragrant.

Allionia incarnata L. a. malacoides Benth. — Magdalena
Island.

Abronia gracilis Benth. This species is quite distinct
from A. umbellala. On Magdalena Island it is a showy an-
nual with very fragrant flowers and so abundant as to color
the sands.

Abronia maritima Nutt. — Magdalena Island.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 199

Abronia umbellata Lam. — Small forms growiiio- nearly
in the center of the Peninsula, on sandy plains at El Llano
de Sautana and Calmalli.

BOERHAAYIA SCANDENS L. — San Gregorio, Comondn.

BoERHAAYiA ERECTA L. — Magdalena Island., San Gregorio.
Very common about the islands, and probably the species
alluded to by Bentham, Bot. Sulph. 43, as B. i^olymorpha.

BoERHAAViA YiscoSA Lag. — San Gregorio, Comoudu, Pat-
rocinia.

BoERHAAViA ELONGATA. Perennial (?). Stems slender, 6
feet long or more, much branched, prostrate on the ground
or supported by bushes, nearly glabrous, excepting some
spreading hairs on the younger branches, somewhat glau-
cous : leaves thin, cordate-ovate, acuminate, minutely pu-
bescent above, glabrous below, 20-50 mm. on petioles J as
long: inflorescence pubescent, axillary and terminal, of im-
perfect simple or forked umbels, 3-6 flowered, on peduncles
usually much exceeding the leaves: pedicels very unequal,
3-20 mm. long: perianth white, spreading, 15 mm. wide:
fruit clavate-oblong, 5-^ mm. long, 2i- wade, nearly black,
with broad mucilaginous glands in 3 or 4 horizontal rows,
or sometimes crowded towards the top. — San Pablo, Jesus
Maria.

Celosia floribunda Gray. — Comondu.

Amarantus Palmeri Watson. — Magdalena Island.

Iresine alternifolia Watson. — Magdalena Island. Prob-
ably this species, but the flowers apparently hermaphro-
dite.

Chenopodium album L. — San Julio.

Chenopodium murale. — Magdalena Bay.

MoNOLEPis CHENOPODioiDES Moq. — San Enrique.

EUROTIA LANATA (Pursh.) ~Agua Dulce.

200 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Atriplex julacea Watson. — Alkaline flats, San Gregorio;
Socorro.

Atriplex microcarpa (Benth.) — San Jose de Gracia.

Atriplex Barclayana (Benth.) — Magdalena Island.

Atriplex Oalifornica Moq.— El Eosario.

Atriplex linearis "Watson. — San Jorge.

Atriplex canescens (Pursh.) — San Gregorio.

Atriplex Magdalene. Perennial, dioecious (?) herbace-
ous, white-furfuraceous, yjrostrate, with branches 1-2 feet
long: leaves thin, all alternate, obovate, apiculate, entire,
1-nerved, 10-20 mm. long, tapering into a short petiole:
6 flowers not seen: $ flowers sessile in clusters, in the up-
per leafy axils : fruiting bracts rhomboid, somewhat com-
pressed, nearly 4 mm. long, the tips herbaceous, spreading,
edges below the lateral angles not margined or toothed,
sides not appendiculate: styles nearly equaling the bracts:
seed flattened, about 1 mm. long; radicle nearly superior. —
Magdalena Island.

Atriplex lurida. Monoecious, woody at base, 1-2 feet
high, with numerous very slender, reddish branches: leaves
sparingly white scurfy, usually opposite or sub-opposite,
oval to lanceolate, acute, sharply denticulate or the upper
entire, 15-20 mm., tapering into a petiole ^-| as long:
$ flowers in globose clusters on short, axillary spikes either
on different branches or above and sometimes mixed with
the $ ; calyx deeply 5-parted, 2 mm. broad: ? flower clus-
ters somewhat scattered in naked panicles, fruiting bracts
shortly pedicellate, triangular, rounded above, 2-3 mm.
long, very unequal in width, usually much exceeding the
length, the upper half margined by a double row of herba-
ceous teeth; sides 3-nerved, somewhat muricate: styles a
little exserted: seed brown, J mm. long; radicle nearly
superior. — San Gregorio.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 201

Atriplex curvidens. Shrubby, 4-6 feet liigh, forming
rounded clumps; branches slender, divaricately spreading:
leaves Imear-spatulate, cuneate, nearly sessile, 15-25 mm.
long, 3-5 wide: ? flowers panicled; bracts thin, compressed,
nearly sessile, triangular, cuneate below, truncate above,
about 3 mm long and often nearly twice as broad; the up-
per margin cleft into numerous linear, somewhat curved
segments; sides somewhat appendaged with one or more
similar processes: seeds light-brown, flattened, somewhat
triangular, nearly 1 mm. long, exceeding the width; radicle
super io r . — C o m o u du .

Described from old fruit of the previous year.

Spirostachys occidentalis Watson. — Magdalena Island.

Salicornia ambigua Michx. — Magdalena Island. Dioe-
cious, forming bushes.

Salicornia herbacea L. — Magdalena Island.

SUxEDA ToRREYANA Watson. — Santa Margarita Island. Ten
feet high.

Su^DA OCCIDENTALIS Watson (?). — Magdalena Island.

Stegnosperma halimifolia Benth. — San Gregorio.

Phaulothamnus spinescens Gray. — Comondu.

Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. — El Pozo Aleman.

Eriogonum fastigiatum Parry. — El Kosario.

Eriogonum Orcuttianum Watson. — Paraiso.

Eriogonum Abertianum Torr. — San Enrique.

Eriogonum gracile Benth. — San Fernando.

Eriogonum elongatum Benth. — San Julio Canon.

Eriogonum angulosum Benth. — Agua Dulce.

Eriogonum Thomasii Torr. — Cajon de Santa Maria.

Eriogonum Thurberi Torr. — Cardon Grande.

20j! CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Eriogonum eeniforme Torr. — Cajon de Santa Maria.
Eriogonum insigne Watson. — Cajon cle Santa Maria.
Eriogonum taxifolium Greene — Ubi.

Eriogonum irretitum. Perennial, glaucous and nearly
glabrous, 1-2 feet liigli, woody at base and rough, with re-
mains of the clasping petioles; brandies numerous, slender,
drooping, often fascicled in the axils, divaricate and en-
tangled: leaves all near the base, ovate, acute, 15-20 mm.
long, tapering into petioles broadly dilated and clasping at
the base and 2-3 times their length; both leaves and peti-
oles sparingly hirsute and ciliate, the latter somewhat scab-
rous: bracts linear-acuminate, sparingly ciliate: involucres
glabrous, Ih mm. long, solitary, on slender peduncles 3-10
mm. long, in the axils or along the branchlets, clavate, cleft
half-way into 3-5 acuminate, somewhat pungent lobes, 3-5-
flowered; bractlets in a single series, ovate, hyaline, ciliate,
much shorter than the involucre: flowers red, as long as
the involucre, developed successively, exserted; segments
of the perianth obtuse, pubescent externally, the outer
thick, the inner dilated and petaloid on the margins:
stamens exserted; anthers oblong: ovary (immature) glab-
rous.— Agua Dulce.

This is another of the intermediate species which lessens
the distance between Eriogonuiii and Oxytheca.

Eriogonum, sp. — San Borgia.

Eriogonum, sp. — Cardon Grande.

Eriogonum, sp. — San Juanico.

Eriogonum, sp. — Plains of San Julian.

Chorizanthe rigida T. k G. — El Pozo Alernan.

Chorizanthe corrugata T. & G. — Cajon de Santa Maria.

Chorizanthe flava. Branching from near the base, 2-18
inches long, floccose-tomentose or glabrate; the short plants

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 203

erect, the longer prostrate; stems yellowisli-red: leaves all
radical, tomentose on both sides, oblong-lanceolate, taper-
ing into a longer petiole: bracts linear-acuminate and pun-
gent: involucres scattered, spreading; tube nearly cylindrical,
tomentose. 4-5 mm. long, at length mucli surx3assed by three
bj-oad, somewhat recurved, subequal, straight-awned lobes,
tomentose above, near the base; the intermediate ones
nearly obsolete: perianth yellow, glabrous, shortly stipitate,
exserted J its length ; segments ovate-acuminate, entire or
crenate on the margins, less than J the length of the tube:
stamens 9, attached near the base of the tube; filaments
glabrous, exserted; anthers oblong: ovary nearly as long as
the tube; embryo straight, linear; radicle J as long as the
cotyledons, — Calmalli.

Chokizanthe mutabilis. Branching at the base, erect or
procumbent, 3-12 inches long: stems stramineous, reddish
or pale: leaves all near the base, lanceolate, tapering into
the x^etiole: bracts linear-acerose, soft: involucres solitary
or m short spikes in the axils; tube slightly pubescent,
ribbed, divided above into 3, broad, spreading, somewhat
corrugated, shortly awn-tipped lobes, at length flattened
and much exceeding the tube, and three intermediate, very
much smaller and shorter, sometimes almost obsolete ones:
perianth shortly pedicellate, 6-7 mm, long; tube and throat
yellow; segments half as long as the tube, white or rose-
color, long-hairy on the back, oblong, obtuse, crenate or
entire, undulate: stamens 9, attached near the base, about
as long as the tube: filaments glabrous; anthers oblong:
akene as long as the tube; embryo linear, cotyledons nearly
twice as long as the radicle. — San Enrique.

Chorizanthe pulchella. Erect or decumbent, 2-12 inches
long; branches pale or reddish, flexuous, di- or trichoto-
mously branching: leaves all radical, white - tomentose,
ovate, acute, abruptly tapering at base into the 2-3 times
as long, margined petiole: bracts slender, spreading, ac-
erose, minute: involucres loosely scattered along the

204 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

branches; tube cylindrical, white-tomentose, 5-6 mm. long,
equaled or at length much exceeded by three broad, re-
curved, somewhat uncinate lobes, the three intermediate
ones scarcely surpassing the membranous margin which
unites the larger: perianth glabrous, shortly pedicellate,
10-12 mm. long; tube and throat yellow; segments rose-
color, oval or broadly oblong, deeply cleft at the top and
sides into numerous strap-shaped lobes: stamens 9, exsert-
ed; filaments glabrous, attached near the base of the tube,
the upper third dark red; anthers small, oval: akene h the
length of the tube; embryo linear; the cotyledons nearly
twice as long as the radicle. — San Sebastian.

The large, widely spreading flowers with yellow throat,
sharply contrasting with the rose-colored, deeply fringed
border, make this the handsomest of all the species.

var. ? Bracts broader, awns of the involucre

straight; flowers smaller, white, less deeply lobed. — San
Luis.

Nemacaulis Nuttallii Benth. — San Borgia.

Lastarri^a Chilensis Kemy. — Ascension.

Pterostegia drymarioides F. & M. — San Julio Canon.

Pterostegia macroptera Benth. Bot. Sulph. — Magdalena
Island, San Quintin.

Polygonum nodosum Pers. — Comondu.

EuMEX SALiciFOLius Weinm. — San Jorge, Comondu.

KUMEX HYMENOSEPALUS Torr.

Antigonon leptopus H. & A. — Comondu, Purisima.

Aristolochia brevipes Benth. var. acuminata Watson. —
Purisima, Comondu.

Anemopsis Californica Hook. — Comondu.

Loranthus Sonor^ Watson. — Santa Margarita Island,
growing on Bursera microphylla.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 205

Phoradendron Californicum Nutt. — San Gregorio.

Phoradendron flavescens Nutt. — El Kancho Viejo.

Phoradendron, sjd. — Magdalena Island, on Veatchia, Bur-
sera, etc.

Parietaria debilis Forst. — Magdalena Ba}^ San Julio.

Celtis reticuiata ToiT. — San Julio Canon.

Celtis pallida Torr. — Comondu.

QuERCUS PUNGENS Liebm. ? — San Julio Canon. Without
fruit.

Salix Bonplandiana Kunth. var. pallida Anders. — Puri-
sima.

Salix longifolia Muhl. — Santa Maria.

Salix lasiolepis Bentli. — El Piosario.

For the identification of the above willows I am indebted
to the kindness of Mr. M. S. Bebb.

PopuLUS Fremonti var. Wislizexi Watson. — Introduced
at Purisima and Comondu, but perhaps indigenous at San
Enrique.

Ephedra Nevadensis Watson. — Magdalena Island, Cal-
malli.

JuNiPERUS Californica Carr. — Agua Dulce.

PiNUS, sp. — Observed at a distance, on a mountain sum-
mit, ten miles south of Calamujuet.

Epipactis gigantea Dougl. — San Jose de Gracia.

TiLLANDSiA RECURVATA Pursh.-^Sau Gregorio, Comondu.

SiSYRiNCHiUM BELLUM AVatson. — Santa Maria.

Zephyranthes arenicola. Bulb ovoid, 20-30 mm. in
diameter; coats dark colored, shining, marked with darker
longitudinal lines, converging and anastomosing near the
neck, which equals it in length: leaves 5-8, thick, channeled

206 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

down the face, grass green, 2-4 mm. wide, contemporary
with the flowers and equaling or surpassing the peduncle,
Avhich is rather stout, 6-8 inches long, 4-5 mm. thick,
purple at base: spathe rose-colored, not quite as long as
tlje pedicel, 30 mm. long, bifid niore than half-way down
into lanceolate segments: perianth erect, about 30 mm.
long, white, yellowish at base within, tips of outer segments
]3urplish; tube 2 mm. long, with a sparsely hairy ring at
top; segments lanceolate, acute, the inner broader: stamens
attached below the hairy ring in tlie throat, about half as
]oDg as the perianth: style f the length of perianth; the
lobes of the stigma 5 mm. long: capsule about 10 mm. in
diameter. — Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands.

Described from cultivated s])ecimeiis, the plants in their
native habitat being long past bloom in January.

Agaye (Euagaye) Mahgaeit^ (Plate X). Acaulescent:
leaves 40-50, iu a dense rosette, 4-6 inches long, the outer
ones nearly as broad, the inner narrower, all concave, the
pungent terminal spine about 30 mm. long, continued along
the edge of the leaf for about the same distance as a dark,
horny border, the falcate or detiexed prickles 4-8 on each
side of the leaf, 4-8 mm. long: peduncle erect, 8-12 feet high
includiug the J as long panicle; branches 6-12, ascending,
6 inches long or less, rather few-flowered: flowers light
yellow; triangular lobes 10- b5 mm. long, a little exceeding
the tube: stamens adnate to the base of the lobes, and
about twice their length: style tubular, 3-lobed, a little ex-
ceeding the stamens: capsule somewhat clavate-trigonous,
constricted near the middle, 30-50 mm. long, 8-12 wide:
seeds 3-4 mm. in diameter, smooth.

Very abundant upon Magdalena and Santa Margarita
Islands, bat not seen upon the mainland. The flowers
were filled to overflowing with nectar, which was often seen
running down the stem.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 207

Agave (Euagave) sobria. xlcciulescoiit: leaves about '^0,
glaucous, lanceolate, about 2 feet long, narrowed from
near the middle, loug-acuminate; terminal spine not decur-
rent upon the margin; prickles brownish, hoary, 8-10 mm.
long, 20-40 mm. distant, straight or curved in various direc-
tions: peduncle, including the panicle, 15 feet high or less,
curved in the larger plants, lower bracts 10 inches long,
spine-tipped: panicle 4 feet long, with 10-15 short divari-
cate branches, bearing dense clusters of liglit greenish-
yellow flowers: perianth 25-30 mm. long, the tube not a
fourth the length of the oblong-linear segments: stamens
adnate nearly to the top of the tube, nearly twice as long as
the perianth: style shortly 3-lobed at apex: old capsules of
the preceding year 50 mm. long, 15-20 mm. wide. — Comon-
du on the mesas. — One of the species Avhich the inhab-
itants say is not good for making " mescal."

Agave (Euagave) aurea. Acaulescent: leaves lanceolate-
acuminate, curved outward; terminal spine 20-30 mm. long,
stout, subulate, decurrent upon the leaf for about the same
distance: teeth rather stout, deltoid, variously curved: pe-
duncle G-12 feet high, the panicle occupying more than half
the length: branches 20-30 divaricate, more or less divided,
bearing large and dense clusters of orange-colored flowers:
perianth broadly Campanulate, 25-30 mm. long, the lanceo-
late lobes more than twice as long as the teeth: stamens
about twice as long as the perianth, adnate to the lower
half of the tube: style 3-lobed at apex, at length exceeding
the stamens: capsule very minutely roughened, 30-50 mm.
long, 12-20 wide; seeds black, very thin, 6 mm. broad, with
prominent white marj,in along the contiguous edges.

This sj^ecies is well marked by its stout habit, outward -
curving leaves, campanulate orange-yellow flowers and
small fruit. It is the handsomest species of the Peninsula,
and is used for making " mescal." — Purisima, Comondu.

Agave Shawii Engelm. — Very abundant between El Pio-
sario and San Quintin.

208 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Agaye, sp. Near A. Huachucensis Baker, Amaryllidece,
171 — Very abundant in some localities from Paraiso north-
ward.

Agaye, sp. Near A. deserti Engelm. — Comondu and north-
ward; very abundant.

Yucca yai.ida (Plate XI). Arborescent, 15-20 feet high,
trunks 8 inches to 2 feet or more in diameter, growing in
clumps and branching from near the base or higher: leaves
thin, smooth, flexible, 6-9 inches long, h ^o |-inch wide at
the center, tapering to a stout involute spine above, and
narrowed to less than half its width above the brown, di-
lated base, margin separating into slender, whitish, recurved
threads; panicle pyramidal, about a foot long, somewhat
pubescent: perianth cream-white, 2-2J inches broad on
pedicels nearly as long as the segments, which are broadly
lanceolate and nearly equal in width: stamens papillose,
less than half as long as the segments, about equaling the
style, uncinate after maturity; anthers sagittate: ovary ob-
long, abruptly narrowed to the nearly sessile stigma; ovules
thick.

This Yucca is certainly distinct from Y. haccata, and does
not seem referable to any of its Mexican varieties. It does
not begin to bloom until about the middle of May, when
Y. haccata to the north of it, has already nearly mature
fruit It was observed from San Jorge to San Borgia, and
near Patrocinia formed forests miles in extent; the trees in
general ajipearance strikingly like Y. hrevifolia, though the
trunks were much less covered with old retlexed leaves.

Yucca baccata Torr. — Agua Dulce. Trunks ten feet
high.

Yucca Whipplei Torr. — San Julio.

NoLiNA BiGELOYii (Torr.) ? — Ubi. Too young.

NoLiNA, sp. — Paraiso.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 209

NoLiNA, sp. — San Julio. Leaves only of an arborescent
branching species, 15 feet high with light green, narrow
leaves 3-4 feet long.

Aloe, sp.- Leaves numerous, erect, lanceolate-acuminate,
2-3 feet long, not much exceeded by the once or twice
branching flower stalk. Just coming into bloom in Febru-
ary; seen only among the rocks along the trail from Purisi-
ma to San Gregorio, ten or fifteen miles from any place
ever inhabited. Perhaps introduced, though it is difficult
to understand how it could have become naturalized in such
an isolated locality.

Brodi^a capitata Benth. — Socorro.

Brodlea Palmeri Watson. — San Gregorio, San Borgia.

NOTHOSCORDUM STRIATUM Kunth. — San Julio.

Allium Californicum Y. & E. — San Enrique, San Julio,
Agua Dulce.

Calochortus luteus Dougl. — Las Huevitas.

Calochortus splendens Dougi. — San Pablo.

JuNCUS Balticus Dethard. — San Ignacio.

JuNCus BuFONius L. — San Benito, Cajon de Santa Maria.

JuNCUS ROBUSTUS Watson. — San Gregorio, Purisima, San
Ignacio.

JuNCUS XIPHOIDES Meyer. — El Kancho Viejo.
Washingtonia filifera Wendl. — Cajon de Santa Maria.
Erythea armata Watson. — San Esteban and northward.

Phcenix dactylifera L. — Cultivated at Comondu and San
Ignacio — at the latter place spreading itself along the wet
grounds.

Typha angustifolia L. — Comondu, San Gregorio, Cala-
mujuet.

EcHiNODORUS ROSTRATUS Engelm. — Comondu.

2d Ser., Vol. n. 15) December, 17 1889.

210 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

PoTAMOGETON PECTiNATus L. — Sail Raimuiido.

POTAMOGETON, sp. — Comoiiclu.

PoTAMOGETON, sp. — Sail Gregorio.

RuppiA MARiTiMA L. — Sail Gregorio.

Zannichellia palustris L. — Comoiidu.

Naias major All. — San Gregorio.

Cyperus, sp. — Comondu.

Cyperus aristatus Rottb. — Comondu.

Cyperus l^vigatus L. — Calamujuet.

Cyperus speciosa Valil. ? — Comondu.

Cyperus, sp. Too old. — San Raimuodo.

Eleocharis palustris E. Br. — San Gregorio.

Eleocharis rostellata Torr. — Santa Maria.

Eleocharis arenicola Torr. ? — San Ignacio.

SciRPUS lacustris L. — El Rosario.

SciRPUS MARiTiMUS L, — Sail Gregorio, Las Huevitas.

SciRPOS Olneyi Gray. — Comondu.

SciRPUS RiPARius Spreng. — El Rosario.

SciRPUS PUNGENS Valil. ? — San Gregorio.

Carex, sp. — Santa Maria.

FuiRENA, sp. — Comondu. Apparently distinct from all
the described forms.

The following grasses were determined by the well-known
agrostologist, Dr. George Vasey, of the Agricultural Depart-
ment, Washington, D. C:

Paspalum distichum L. — Comondu.

Panicum leucanthum Torr. — Mae-dalena Island.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 211

Panicum Crus-galli L. ? — San Ignacio.

Panicum paspaloides Pers. — Comondu.

Panicum colonum L. var. ? — Purisima.

Panicum capillake L. yav. glabrum Vasey. — Purisima.

Setaria caudata R. & S. — Magclalena Island.

Cenchrus echinatus L. — Comondn.

Cenchrus Palmeri Vasey. Culm 9 to 18 inches high,
flattened below, branching, leafy: leaves puberulent, es-
pecially the inflated, conduplicate sheaths which are
ciliate on the margins, and with a ligule of rather long
white hairs; sheaths mostly as long as the internodes;
blade lanceolate - linear, 4-6 inches long. Spikes con-
sisting of 2 to 4, usually 3, large, roundish, closely ap-
proximate, purple spikelets, 1 to Ih inches in diameter,
including the spines, these are flattened toward the base,
the upper part slender, the longest 6-8 lines long, diminin-
ishing to the broad base, where a few are much smaller,
but there are no proper bristles. The base of the spines
and the body of the spikelets are closely pubescent. Each
spikelet contains 5 or 6 flowers.

First collected by Dr. E. Palmer at Guaymas, Mex., in
1887, in company with a yellow-colored variety. The
present specimens are a young and small form, with the
spikelet half as large as the type, but otherwise the same.
Possibly it may be a distinct variety. — Common through-
out the southern part of the peninsula.

Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. ? — Boca de Las Animas.

Cenchrus myosuroides HBK. — Comondu.

Spartina STRiCTA Both. — Magdalena Island.

HiLARiA cenchroides HBK. — Purisima.

HiLARiA cenchroides var. longifolia Vasey. — San Julio.

Heteropogon contortus R. & S. — Magdalena Island.

212 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Andropogon macrourus Mx. — Santa Maria.

Phalaris arundinacea L.

Aristida scabra. — Cliapm.

Aristida Californica Thurb. — El Llano de Santana.

Aristida Californica var. major Yasey. — Magdalena
Island.

Aristida Schiediana Trin. — Comondu.

Aristida bromoides HBK. — San Julio.

Stipa eminens Cav. — San Julio Canon.

Stipa coronata Thurb. — Ubi.

Oryzopsis cuspidata Bentli. — Agua Dulce.

MUHLENBERGIA CALAMAGROSTIDEA Trin. — Comondu.

MuHLENBERGiA DEBiLis Trin. — San Jorge, Comondu.
^Bealia Mexicana Scribner. — Santa Margarita Island.
Sporobolus Wrightii Munro.
Sporobolus argutus Kuntli. — Magdalena Island.

Sporobolus altissimus, Yasey. Culm 4 to 5 ft. liigli,
simple; leaves long, slender, becoming involute; panicle
6-8 inches long, narrow, the branches erect, scattered or
partly verticillate, 3-4 inches long, subdivided and flower-
bearing from near the base: spikelets 1-flowered, about 1
line long; empty glumes unequal and nearly as in /S'. airoides
— from which it differs in its greater height, and closer
panicle, as well as in details of the flower.

Collected at San Diego by Dr. Edward Palmer.

^Tliis grass was first collected by Mr. C. G. Pringle in Chihuahua, Mex,,
in October, 1886. It was named by Prof. F. L. Scribner, as a new genus, in
honor of Prof. W. J. BomI, of the Michigi,n Agricultiiral College. I am not
aware that a description has been published. It is considered by Prof..
Hackel as forming, with Clomena Beauv, a section of Muhlenhergia. It ap-
pears to have pretty strong claims to specific distinction.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 213

Sporobolus altissimus, var. minor, Vasey. Smaller, 2-3
ieethigh; leaves shorter; panicle 4-6 inches long, purple;
spikelets rather smaller. — San Enrique.

Sporobolus Virginicus Kth. — Santa Margarita Island.

Agrostis verticillata Vill. — Comondu, Patrocinia.

PoLYPOGON MoNSPELiExsis Desf. — Cajon de Santa Maria.

Chloris ALBA Presl. — Magdalena Island.

BouTELOUA BROMOIDES Lag. — Purisima.

BouTELOUA ARISTIDOIDES Tliurber. — Magdalena Island,
San Gregorio.

BouTELOUA POLYSTACHYA Torr. — Magdalena Island.

Eleusine ^gyptiaca Pers. — San Jorge.

Pappophorum Wrightii Watson. — San Gregorio.

Triodia pulchella HBK. — San Joaquin, Calmalli.

DiPLACHNE IMBRICATA Benth. — San Gregorio.

Diplachne viscida Scribner. — San Jorge.

DiPLACHNE DUBiA Benth. var. aristata Vase}^ — Santa
Margarita Island.

Diplachne Brandegei Vasey. Resembles small forms of
D. duhia. Culm about 2 feet high, 2-edged below; leaves
numerous, narrow; the lower sheaths conduplicate, ciliate
on the margins; ligule ciliate: panicle of 8 to 15 spikes,
which become spreading; spikelets 3 lines long, 1 or 2
flowered, with an imperfect rudimentary one; empty glumes
1 nerved, the lower about half ^ as long as the upper, upper
one 1^ inches long, acuminate; flowering glume 3 lines
long, lanceolate-acute, tipped with a short barbed point, 3
nerved; palet rather shorter than or equal to its glume; the
second flower neutral or rudimentary, stalked, half as long
as the lower flower, which has a crown of short, silky white
liairs around the base.

214 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Collected at Magdalena Island. Also at Santa Margarita
Island and Purisima.

MoNANTHOCHLCE LiTTORALis Engelm. — Magdalena Island.

Phragmites communis Trin. — San Gregorio.

Eragrostis Purshii Sclirad. — San Jose de Gracia.

Eragrostis major Host. — San Esteban.

Eragrostis minor Host. — Magdalena Island.

Eragrostis reptans Nees. — San Jorge, Purisima.

Eragrostis Mexicana Link. — Comondu.

Melica imperfecta Trin. — El Kanclio Viejo.

PoA BiGELOYii Vasey & Scribner. — El Ranclio Yiejo.

Festuca microstachys Nutt. var. ciliata Gray. — San
Esteban.

Bromus segetum Sclil. — San Julio Canon.
DiSTiCHLis maritima Eaf. — Magdalena Island.
Hordeum pratense Huds. — El Eanclio Viejo.
Elymus Orcuttianus Vasey. — El Eanclio Viejo.

The names of the ferns and the notes given below were
kindly furnished by Prof. D. C. Eaton, of Yale College:

Gymnogramme triangularis Kaulf. — San Julio Canon.

Nothol^na Lemmoni D. C. Eaton. — Purisima.

NoTHOL^NA sinuata Kaulf. — San Benito, San Ignacio and
northward.

N0THOL.ENA cretacea Liebm. — Santa Margarita Island,
Purisima, Comondu, etc.

Nothol^na Hookeri Eaton. — Purisima.

PLANTS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. 215

Oheilanthes "Wrightii Hook. — Comondu.
The specimens show more resemblance to G. microphylla
than any others seen.

Cheilanthes myriophylla Desv. — San Sebastian, San
Enrique.

Cheilanthes Lindheimeri Hook.— El Eancho Viejo.

Cheilanthes, sp. — If not Hooker's CJieilayitJies (or Pellcea)
Seemanni, it is a new species. — Magdalena and Santa Mar-
garita Islands, San Benito.

Pell^a Wrightiana Hook. — The form named by Hooker,
P. longimucTonata , San Julio Canon; and from El Kancho
Viejo true P. Wrightiana, as originally figured by Hooker.

Adiantum Capillus- Veneris L. — Santa Maria.

Selaginella rupestris Spring. — San Julio.

Marsilia yestita Hook. & Grev. — San Jorge.

ADDITIONS AND COERECTIONS.

The preparation of the foregoing list having been much
hurried on account of the necessity of issuing the volume of
Proceedings at the end of the year, the determination of
many of the species will be given in a subsequent paper.
A considerable number were not in any way included, being
not even generically identifiable, either for lack of essential
organs, or for the little time at command.

Dr. Palmer's No. 179 from Guaymas, was collected at Pu-
risima, again in imperfect specimens. Dr. Watson writes
that it was brought in a similar condition by Xantus from
Cape St. Lucas.

Echinocystis Bigelovii (Watson). Misled by the very
oblique fruit and lacking an authentic specimen, a synonym
{Cyclanthera monosperma, p. 159, ante) has been furnished

216 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

for it. It cannot however, if obliquity of the fruit counts
for anything, be included in EcJiinoci/stis, as has been done by
Cogniaux, Monog. Phan. iii, 804, nor can it very well be con-
generic with the symmetrical-fruited E. minima (Kell.) in
Naudin's genus Echinopepon, as proposed by Dr. Watson.

The following species, not included in the above list, are
from a small private collection made by Ensign McCormick
and Mr. C. H. Townsend of U. S. S. Albatross, at Cape St.
Lucas, San Luis Gronzales Bay, etc.

Dalea mollis Benth. A species common throughout the
peninsula, and omitted by accident from the list.

Encelia eriocephala Gray.

Hesperocallis undulata Gray. Hardly to have been ex-
pected as far south as the Cape.

Euphorbia leucophylla Benth. A rare and little known
species.

From San Pedro Martir Mountain, to which place they
had gone on a zoological expedition, Mr. Townsend and Mr.
A. W. Anthony brought the following conifers :

CuPRESSUS GuADALUPENSis Watson. Differing somewhat
from the type, but, according to Prof. C. S. Sargent, not
separable from it.

PiNUS Lambertiana Dougl.

PiNus PONDEROSA Dougl. var. Jeffreyi Engelm.

PiNUS MURICATA Don.

PiNUS Parryana Engelm.

NORTH AMERICAN EUPHORBIACE.^. 217

CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN EUPHORBIACE^.

by c. f. millspaugh, m. d.

1. Upon a Collection of Euphorbiaceous Plants made by
Mr. T. S. Brandegee, in 1889, on the Mainland of
Lower California and the Adjacent Islands of
^ Magdalena and Santa Margarita.

The peninsula of Lower California and the adjacent
islands have proven a rich field to botanical explorers, and
great interest is always taken in the collections returned
therefrom. The soil being mostly what is usually termed
sterile, is especially suited to the majority of Euphorbia-
ceous species.

Although not working over the exact district represented
by the collection of H. M. S. Sulphur, Mr. Brandegee has
succeeded in duplicating all but two of the species of that
collection, while he has added thirty more — twelve of which
are new to science. He has also duj)licated seven of the
ten species collected by Dr. Edward Palmer in 1887, and re-
established the only new species of that collection.

The fact that Euioliorhla macnlata, E. alhomarginata and
E. misera are not found in this collection is not without
meaning; they cannot occur, unless with exceeding rarity,
in the districts so completely searched over. The discov-
ery of two new species of Phyllanthus upon the northern
confines of that vast genus is also noteworthy.

It will be noticed that only one locality is mentioned for
each species of the collection; Jhis is due to the difiiculty
of transporting any considerable number of specimens on
such a tiresome overland journey. Having once collected
a species Mr. Brandegee usually passed it by thereafter,
thus the station given is substantially the most southerly
one upon the route.

2d Ser., Vol. II. December 11, 1889.

218 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

AVhatever Mr. Brandegee's collection may yield in other
orders, it is certainly a most careful one in this, and goes
far to prove that this peninsula bids fair to produce a large
addition to the flora of North America.

SiMMONDSiA Californica Nutt. (in Hook. Lond. Jour.
Bot., 1844, p 400). This somewhat confusing plant has
been buffeted about between Euphorbiaceae and Buxaceat
constantly since its discovery, and will probably find rest
only in a new and intermediate order. It has been placed
in Euphorbiacese by Nuttall, 1844; Lindley, Baillon, Engel-
mann and Watson (1888), and in Buxace?e by Miiller, and
Watson, (1880 ) The plant has characters common to both
orders which seem to make it a true link between them.
Not having access at present to sufficient data for studying
the plant, we shall include it provisionally in this list. — San
Gregorio, February.

Phyllanthus (§ Gomphidium) Brandegei sp. nov. An-
nual, erect, glabrous, branching from the base; branches
terete, |-3 dm. long, with short internodes. Leaves linear-
lanceolate, the largest 13 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, acute at
both ends, very short petiolate (about 1 mm. long); stipules
triangular subulate and hyaline at the tip. Inflorescence
geminate in the axils, or the male often wanting; calices
5, rarely 4-6 lobed, the female twice the size of the male,
lobes ovate-acute, or the male nearly deltoid: female flow-
ers peduncled, red; calyx spreading, the lobes becoming
ovate-spatulate in fruit; styles 3, separate to the base, bi-
labiate at the apex; ovary glabrous, glands as many as the
lobes of the calyx. Male flowers sessile, or nearly so at the
base of the female peduncle; lobes green, more or less del-
toid; stamens 3, the filaments united only at the very base;
glands 3, on one side of the base, somewhat crenately
3-lobed. Capsule subglobose, glabrous, reddish, 4 mm. in

NORTH AMERICAN EUPHORBIACE^. 219

diameter; seeds black, smooth wlien ripe, when nearly ripe
of a cinnamon-brown color covered with black punct?e.

A peculiar ligneous shrub-like herb, with virgate branches,
short internodes and fugacious leaves, the older branches
appearing as if dead, while the branchlets given off at their
bases are in leaf, flower and fruit. — Comondu, February
17th, mature.

Phyllanthus (§ Menarda) ciliato-glandulosus, sp. nov.
Annual, spreading from the filiform root, densely glandu-
lar-ciliate throughout, except the oldest leaves, which retain
but few cilia. Stems terete, somewhat irregularly branch-
ing; leaves petioled, mostly ovate, obtuse or emarginate
(often obtusely deltoid), abrupt at the base, petioles one-
third the length of the blade; stipules orbicular,, entire.
Inflorescence axillary, more or less geminate; flowers of
both sexes pedicellate. Male calyx 5-cleft, the lobes ovate-
acute, with 5 small anther-like, stipitate glands opposite the
clefts, stamens five, filaments separate to the base. Female
flow^ers larger; calyx lobes 5, lanceolate, obtuse, hy;dine-
margined, with 5 alternating cylindrical glands at the base;
styles cleft to the middle, or in many flowers, entirely to
the base; stigmas slightly recurved; ovary globose, ciliate-
giandular. Capsule depressed, globose, glandularly ciliate;
seeds pale brown, finely pitted, each pit occupied by a bran-
like scale.

Full-grown fruiting specimens vary from 2J cm. to 2 dm.,
stems from 1 cm. to Ih dm. in length, leaves 1-h cm. long, 1
cm. broad, and much smaller to minute. — Magdalena Is-
land, February 25th.

Croton (§ Eucroton) ciliato-glandulosus, Ortega (Plant.
rar. hort. matrit. dec. 4, p. 51, 1797). The specimens differ
considerably in vegetative appearance from those gathered
last year near Monterey, Mexico, by Pringle, though the
specific characters are exactly the same. — Paraiso, May 2d,
not yet in fruit.

220 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Croton (§ Decarinium) Magdalene, sp. nov. A branch-
ing shrub 1 meter high; branches terete, densely covered
with a matted, partly stellate, tomentum. Leaves large,
petiolate, cordate, acute, reticulately veined and stellate pu-
bescent on the parenchyma; veins densely woolly beneath;
stipules represented by a single axillary bud-like gland.
Inflorescence terminal, spicate, sessile, the female in a whorl
at the base, the male scattered along the rhachis above;
rhachis elongated, quadrangular, twisted, furnishing a short
bract to the base of each floral pedicel. Female calyx un-
equally 5 parted, the lobes ovate acute; petals wanting;
ovary densely tomentose; styles dichotomously divided al-
most to the very base, the lobes linear elongated with a
tooth-like process at about the middle — rudiment of another
bifurcation. Male calyx 5 parted, the lobes deltoid, equal;
petals lanceo-spatulate alternate with and longer than the
sepals, hairy at the base; stamens 15 (more or less), fila-
ments hairy at the base. Capsules densely tomentose and
stellate pubescent below; seeds shining, smooth, with a few
slight, smooth longitudinal ridges upon the dorsum, and a
short, spinous process at the summit behind the sarcous
caruncle.

Branches 1-3J dm. long; leaves 10 cm. long, 8 cm. broad,
and smaller, perfectly cordate; petioles about one-third the
length of the blade: spikes 5-9 cm. long: capsules 14
mm. in diameter; seeds 7 mm. long, 5 mm. broad. — Magda-
lena Island, January 17th.

Croton (§ Drepadenium) Californicus Miill. (DC. Prod.,
XV., pars. 2, p. 691). — Magdalena Island, January 23d; in
fine form of flower and fruit.

Argythamnia (§ A'phora).

Argythamnia Brandegei. sp. nov. Shrubby, glabrous,
perennial, about 2 meters in height, with drooping branches
4 decimeters or less in length. Leaves alternate, lanceo-
late, acute, closely blunt serrate from the base to the apex.

NORTH AMERICAN EUPHORBIACE^. 221

narrowing to the petiole, 2-7 cm. long, Ih cm. or less
broad; petiole about one-quarter the length of the blade.
Inflorescence in short, and at first dense axillary racemes,
the female flowers below; bracts more or less leafy, about
the length of the sepals. Male flowers : sepals 5 linear-
lanceolate, acute, green, 5 mm. long; petals 5, about the
length of tlie sepals, lanceolate membranaceous deeply
marked with purple veins, rose colored, with a greenish-
white hyaline tip; stamens 5, in a whorl near the summit of
the column of filaments which is terminated by a few rudi-
ments of stamens. Female flowers: sepals lanceolate, ser-
rate, acuminate, green, 8 mm. long; petals lanceolate, ser-
rate, purple-striate at the base, one-half the length of the
sepals; glands auriculate, entire, hypogynous; styles bifid
for over one-third their length; stigmas slightly clavate.
Capsule 8 mm. broad, smooth; carpels blackish purple,
ridged; seeds greenish, pyriform, ()-angled, (3 acute alter-
nating with 3 obtuse), apiculate, slightly reticulated near
the base, 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad. — San Gregorio, Febru-
ary 1st.

Argythamnia serrata Mlill. Arg. (Linnaea xxxiv 147).
A depauperate form, retainin,:^: however all the specific
characters. — San Pablo, April 17th, not in fruit.

Argythamnia serrata, var. Magdalen.e var. nov. Stems
9-13 cm. long, leaves as in the species, petals straw-color,
styles parted to the middle, seeds smooth and somewhat
farinose.

The vegetative characters and the seeds of this variety
plainly distinguish it from the species. — Magdalena Island,
January 13th.

Argythamnia SERicoPHYLLAGray var. verrucosemina, var.
nov. Branches 1-2 dm. long; leaves sessile, 1J-3J cm. long,
the lower ovate to ovate lanceolate, racemes 1-2 flowered;
sepals lanceolate acuminate (4 mm. long), longer than the
broadly lanceolate petals; glands in the female flowers del-

222 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

toid; seeds markedly tuberculate throughout; 2 mm. in
their long diameter.

This variety seems to connect the species to A. lance-
olata 3IuU. — San Gregorio, February 2d.

AcALYPHA (§ Betulinje) Califoknica, Benth.(Bot. Sulph.
Voy., p. 51). Typical specimens in good flower and fruit
from Magdalena Island, January 14th.

ACALYPHA (§ Betulin^"! Comonduana, sp. nov. Stems
terete, minutely pubescent, 4 dm. or more in length. Leaves
large, ovate lanceolate, abrupt or somewhat cuneate at the
base, acute, the margins crenate dentate from the base to the
apex; minutely pubescent, especially upon the veins above
and beneath; petioles about two-thirds the length of the
blades; stipules subulate-lanceolate, deciduous; inflores-
cence axillary, spicate, the male in the upper axils and
sometimes also in the lowest. Female spikes pedunculate,
loosely 6-12-flowered; the bracts sessile, orbicular, 2-flow-
ered, crenately 15-20-toothed, calyx lobes triangular acute,
styles 3, each laciniate into 5-10 capillary divisions; ovary
pubescent; male spikes pedunculate, densely floral, often
with a female bract or two at the base of the pedancle, cap-
sule

Leaves 9 cm. long, 4J cm. broad and less; petioles 4.^ cm.
long and less; stipules 5 mm. long. Female spikes 2-4 cm.
long; bracts 5 mm. in diameter; styles about 1 cm. long.
Male peduncles IJ cm. long, the spikes about 1 cm. long
during anthesis. The character of the growth of this spe-
cies is indeterminable from the branches collected. The
plant is also too young to yield fruit; many characters are
therefore wanting to complete the description. — Comondu,
February 18th.

Bernardia (§ Tyvia).

Bernardia myric^folia, (Scheele) Watson (Bot. Cal., ii.,
70). Beautiful specimens in full flower and fruit from San
Sebastian, April 28th.

NORTH AMERICAN EUPHORBIACE^. 223

Beenardia yiridis, sp. nov. An upright, irregularly
branching shrub; branches glabrous below, sparingly stel-
late pubescent toward the ends; leaves thick, oblong to
nearly ovate, obtuse, somewhat cuneate at the base, olive-
green above, paler beneath, and reticulate veined; margin
repandly dentate, the midrib and veins beneath densely
woolly with a stellate-pubescence that is distinctly separate
upon the parenchyma above and below; petioles of the full-
grown leaves fall one-quarter the length of the blade; inflo-
rescence dioecious, the staminate flowers sessile in very short
2-6-flowered clusters or racemes; calyx 3-parted: pistillate
flowers, terminal, sessile; capsule densely stellate-pubes-
cent; seed oval, straw-color, smooth, plainly carinate.

Branches 8 cm. to 2 J dm. long; leaves 2-3 cm. long, J-2J
cm. broad; capsules 12 mm. in its longitudinal diameter;
seeds 7 mm. long, 5 mm. broad. — San Pablo, April 22d.

Tkagia (§ Eutragia) urtic^folia Michx. (Flor. Bor.
Amer., vol. ii, p. 176.) — Very chare teristic specimens from
San Esteban, April 18th.

Jatropha (§ CuRCAs) CANESCENS Miill. (DC. Prod., xv.,
pars. 2, p. 1079.) — Specimens in flower^ with the fruit of
the previous season, at Magdalena Island, January 12th.

Jatropha (§§ Mozinna) spathulata Mlill., var. sessili-
FLORA Mlill. (DC. Prod, xv, pars. 2, p. 1082). A form with
smaller leaves, and more or less paniculate inflorescence. —
San Gregorio, February 2d.

Stillingia (§ Gymnostillingia Watson, vide infra.) lin-
EARIFOLIA AYatson. (Proc. Am. Acad., vol. xiv, p. 297.)
Beautiful specimens, in fine flowering and fruiting condition,
from Cardon Grande, April 23d.

Sebastiania (?) BiLOCULARis Watsou. (Proc. Am. Acad.,
vol. XX, p. 374.) Our specimens agree with the description
of this unsettled species except in the leaves; those of the
description being "linear oblong or narrowly lanceolate

224 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

. . . . obscurely glandular toothed;" while those of our
specimens are oblong lanceolate, acute to cuneate at the
base, the margin regularly serrate, the teeth armed with
an incurved bristle. Leaves 1^-5 cm. long, and J-IJ cm.
wide.

This plant, is so far provisionally placed under Sehastiania,
the peculiar bi-locular ovary and two thick, twisted styles,
as well as the imperfect columella and estrophiolate seed,
will probably cause its removal from this genus when it
is better known. — Purisima, February 12th, in excellent
floral condition, but lacking fruit.

PeDILANTHUS (§ EUPEDILANTHUS) MACEOCAKPUS Eentll.

(Bot. Sulph. Voy., p. 49.) Magdalena Island, January 12th,
with old fruit. — El Llano de Santana, May 10th, in flower.

Euphorbia (§ Anisophyllum.)

Euphorbia pycanthema Engelra. (Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv.
2, p. 188.) Forma serrata, the lower leaves sharply serrate
upon one or both margins. — Pozo de Los Dolores, April 5th.
Too young for good fruit.

Euphorbia hypericifolia Linn. (Hort. Cliff. ,198.) The
specimens are of the true West Indian form, from which
the species was made. — Purisima, February 14th.

Euphorbia serpens Kunth. (in H. B. nov. gen. et sp. ii,
p. 41). Our specimens are of a form hairy at the nodes and
upon the younger branchlets. — Magdalena Island, January
23d.

Euphorbia Magdalene Benth. (Bot. Sulph. Voy., p. 50).
Our specimens agree precisely with Bentham's description,
which, however, is incomplete as to flowers and fruit. Dr.
E. Palmer's specimen (No. 26 of his collection at Muleje,
Lower California) lacked fruit. We therefore add the fol-
lowing to Boissier's description of the specimen in hei-b.
Bentham (D. C. Prod., pars, xv, p. 37), and that of Watson
from Dr. Palmer's specimen (Proc. Am. Acad., xxiv, p.

NORTH AMERICAN . EUPHORBIACE.^. 225

74). Involucres solitary in the upper axils and terminal on
the branchlets of the season; turbinate, raised upon a fili-
form peduncle about twice the length of the involucre; lobes
triangular, ciliate; glands subreniform entire; appendages
white or pinkish; styles bipartite. Pod smooth, carpels
carinate; seeds obscurely quadrangular, whitish, very nearly
or quite smooth between the angles.

There is a peculiarity about this species that we have
never noticed in other species of this genus : many of the
involucres (in one specimen ten) become aborted and pro-
longed into pod-like bodies from 1-1 1 cm. long and about
2 mm. in diameter, bearing rudimentary or aborted flowers
at the base, and the four glands at the apex. This pecu-
liarity would seem to be a constant factor, as Bentham
noted the same sort of " growth" upon the original speci-
mens, and Watson writes us that they are also upon Dr.
Palmer's specimens, collected on Carmen Island. — Magda-
lena Bay, January 18th.

Euphorbia tcmentulosa Watson (Proc. Am. Acad., xxii,
p. 476). — San Gregorio, February 1st, with fruit i^artially
developed.

Euphorbia Purisimana, sp. nov. Stems terete, sparsely
and minutely villous, spreading from the base and dichoto-
mously branching, branches numerous, filiform, leaves short-
petioled, entire, ovate-acute, obliquely tapering at the base,
the largest 6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, stipules absent. Inflores-
cence solitary at the bifurcations and in the upper axils;
involucre pedunculate, nearly glabrous, the lobes large, tri-
angular and entire; glands transversely ovate, dark maroon,
on thick stipes about twice their length; appendages mostly
wanting, when present (in about 1 in 30 in our specimen)
they are minute w^iite or rose, and vary in shape from tri-
angular-obtuse to obcordate, or transversely ovate, with 2-3
sharp teeth on the margin. Capsules slightly hairy, the

2d See., Vol. II. { 16 ) December 17, 1889.

226 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

carpels sharply keeled, seeds obtusely tetrangular, pinkish
when young, with irregular anastomosing ridges between
the angles; when full ripe cinnamon color, with the anasto-
mosing ridges almost broken up into tubercules.

Whole plant of the general appearance of E. serpens.
Stems 1-1^ dm. long, diffusely branching, capsules 2 mm.
long, Ih mm. wide, seeds Ih mm. long. Near E. podadenia.
Purisima, February 12th.

Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. (ench. bot., 2, p. 14). —
Comondu, February 15th.

Euphorbia setiloba Engelm. (Pacif. K. R. Eept., 2, p.
364). — Purisima, February 14th.

Euphorbia petrina Yr^atson. (Proc. Am. Acad., xxiv.,
p. 75.)— San Esteban, April.

Euphorbia Brandegei, sp. nov. Annual; prostrate spread-
ing, branches filiform, 2-4 cm. long, the internodes spar-
ingly pubescent, the nodes and terminal branchlets quite
hairy. Leaves ovate, the largest 3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad,
obtuse, unequal at the base, the larger few-dentate, the
smaller simply and sparingly crenulate, petioles about one-
third the length of the leaves; stipules represented by a
few cilia. Involucres turbinate, pedunculate, solitary in the
upper axils, hairy without and within, lobes triangular cil-
iolate; glands 4, reddish-brown, transverse oblong, concave;
appendages white, conspicuous, the margin crenulately and
irregularly 3-8 toothed. Capsule 1 mm. long, very hairy,
carpels keeled; stigmas unequally bipartite to the middle;
seeds elongated tetrangular, pointed, sharply 4-6 ridged
transversely including the angles.

A very delicate species, near E. porttdana. — Magdalena
Island, January 21st.

Euphorbia POLYCARPA, Benth. (Bot. Sulph. Voy., p. 50).
El Llano de Santana, May 9. The form (E. micromera
Boiss. D. C. Prod., xv., pars. 2, p. 44). — Magdalena
Island, January 15th.

NORTH AMERICAN EUPHORBIACE.E. 227

Euphorbia polycarpa Benth. var yestita, Watson (Bot.
Calif., ii, p. 73). Beautiful specimens with comparatively
large rose appendages, deep maroon glands, and very char-
acteristic seeds. — El Rancho Viejo, April 20th.

Euphorbia pediculifera Engelm var. minor, var. nov.
Procumbent, stems filiform; branchlets pubescent, espe-
cially near the involucreSj which are densely covered with
long white hairs. Leaves, ovate-obtuse very small, 1-3
mm. long by ll-^h i^ni. broad. Glands browaiish-green;
appendages white, transversely ovate, crenate; capsules and
seeds characteristic of the species. — Santa Margarita Island.

Euphorbia conjuncta, sp. nov. Stems prostrate, spread-
ing, branches terete, dichotomous sparsely appressed hairy,
leaves oblong-sj)atulate, sparingly short hairy on the sur-
face, short petioled, unequal at the base, entire stipules
triangular hairy. Inflorescence solitary in the axils (before
the fruiting season they are so densely crowded with the
youDg leaves as to appear glomerate), involucres turbinate,
hairy, sessile or nearly so, lobes triangular, glands deep
maroon, transversely ovate; appendages from rose to white,
and of all forms (even on the same branch) from trans-
versely ovate entire, crenulate, or deeply blunt lobed, to
lanceolate, or in many cases entirely wanting; styles deeply
bifid, the lobes circinate. Capsule densely pubescent,
carpels carinulate, seeds ash color, oblong, obscurely tetran-
gular. with 3 strong transverse ridges that include the
angles.

This peculiarly appendiculate species seems to form a
connection between U. pediculifera and U. glyptosperma.
Purisima, February 12th, only one developed fruit.

Euphorbia involuta, sp. nov. Entire plant tomentose,
stems erect, irregularly branching, very fragile. Leaves
linear-spatulate obtuse, narrowing to the petiole, margin
entire^ strongly involute; petioles about one-third the length
of the blade, stipules deltoid. Inflorescence in compact

228 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

leafy terminal glomerules; involucre inflated campanulate
short pedunculate, lobes sharply triangular. Glands
transversely oblong, slightly concave, of a deep maroon
color almost black; appendages transversely elliptical, entire,
white, sometimes wanting in involucres of the same head.
Styles bipartite to the middle, stigmas somewhat clavate.
Capsules densely tomentose obpyriform, the carpels strongly
keeled, seeds elongated-tetragonal, cinnamon brown; when
mature, strongly marked by 6 parallel (4 central complete,
2 terminal incomplete) transverse ridges which include the
angles.

Stems 1-2 dm. long, leaves 3-5 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad;
capsules 3 mm. long, seeds 2 mm. long, 1 mm. broad. Near
E. leucophylla. — Comondu, April.

Euphorbia geminiloba, sp. nov. Annual (?) ascending,
slightly hairy; stems terete fragile, internodes long (1-4
cm); branches divergent (15 cm. long, and shorter); leaves
elliptical (IJ cm. long, 8 mm. and less, wide), very oblique-
ly truncate at the base, acute, the margin sharply and
coarsely toothed, especially upon the longest side, all green
above and pallid beneath; stipules lanceolate, ciliate. In-
florescence in terminal leafy-bracted capitate clusters; in-
volucres sessile or nearly so, subcylindrical, hairy; lobes
lanceolate, ciliate, mostly geminate; glands small, orbicu-
lar, nearly plane, long stipitate; appendages about twice
the size of the glands, white, orbicular, concave, mostly

entire; stigmas elongated, bifurcated. Fruit

Pozo de Los Dolores, April 5th, not yet in fruit.

( ^ Alectoroctonum.)

Euphorbia Xanti Engelm. (inlitt.); a form with broadly
obovate, petiolate stem leaves narrowing and slightly un-
equal at the base; 2 cm. long, Ih cm. broad. — Purisima,
February 12th. and Comondu.

NORTH AMERICAN EUPHORBIACE^. 229

( I -? )

Euphorbia Comonduana, sp. no v. Frutescent, glabrous
stems ascending, bark in whitish stri^ covering ahnost
completely the pinkish inner layer; branchlets small, of an-
nual growth, nearly alternate, and given up completely to
the alternate or more or less fasciculate leaves. Leaves
orbicular, thin, on long filiform petioles, obtuse or slightly
retuse, pinnately veined, entire; stij)ules lanceolate, ciliate;
involucres solitary at the ends of the branches, shallow,
turbinate, glabrous, pedunculate; lobes triangular, few fibril-
late; glands, 5, greenish-brown, thin, plane, circular, each
folded upward upon itself; appendages grass-green, irregu-
larly 5-9 toothed, mostly of the form of a lobster's claw;
stigmas short bilabiate, the labia circinate: bracts be-
tween the male fiowers numerous, plumose. Capsule (im-
mature) glabrous, deeply trisulcate, carpels strongly keeled,
seeds

Leaves from 1J-2J cm. in diameter, petioles from 6 mm.
to 2 cm. long, generally of the length of the blade, inter-
nodes about 3 cm. long, branchlets l-2i cm. long, much
reduced as compared with the stout stems. This curious
species stands by itself as a type of what may prove a new
section in Euphorbia. The absence of mature fruit and
seeds is deeply deplored. — Comondu, March 23d.

(§ Tricherostigma.)

EuPHOEBiA HiNDSiANA Benth. ? (Bot. Sulph. Voy., p. 51.)
As far as Boissier's description goes for this species found
at Cape St. Lucas and E. Califormca, at Magdalena Bay,
these specimens embrace some of the characters of both.
They have the stems, leaves, petioles, capsules and carpels of
E. Hindsiana, and the involucres and all that is included in
them of E. Californica. The seeds of the former are de-
scribed as ^' albido-foveolato," where the latter are said to be
simply *' clepresso-pundato." In our specimens we find both
kinds in one capsule; age will account for the difference

230 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

between tliem. Until we have seen the two species in herb.
Bentii., we shall feel inclined to consider both as simply
forms of one species. — Magdalena Island, January.

(§ Poinsettia.)

Euphorbia heterophylla Linn., var. eriocarpa, var. nov.
Glabrous, erect, lower leaves fugacious (not present in our
specimens), branching at the summit only, forming a
'* bushy' ' top. Leaves oblong lanceolate, entire or remote-
ly dentate, and somewhat irregularly margined, J-2.^ cm.
long, 3-14 mm. wdde, the young petioles canescent; involu-
cres solitary, terminating the young branchlets, peduncles
woolly; capsules densely woolly when young, slightly hairy
when mature; seeds densely tuberculate on and between the
angles, the tubercles white-farinose on the tips. — Comondu,
March 21st.

Euphorbia eriantha Benth. (Bot. Sulph. Voy. , p. 5L) The
richest growth and most complete specimens we have ever
seen. From Magdalena Island, January 22d, in full fruit.

(g TiTHYMALUS.)

Euphorbia dictyosperma Fisch. et Mey. (ind. h. Petrop.,
1835, p. 37.)— San Enrique, May 2d, full ripe fruit.

KiciNUS COMMUNIS L. — San Gregorio.

FUNGI COLLECTED BY T. S. BRANDEGEE IN LOWER CALI-
FORNIA, IN 1889.

BY H. W. HARKNESS.

Batareea phalloides (Dicks.) — Magdalena Island.

PoDAXON CARCINOMALE (Desv.) — Sail Gregoi'io.

TuLOSTOMA MAMMOSUM (Micli.) — San Gregorio.

TuLOSTOMA OBESUM Cke. & Ellis. — Purisima, collected by
C. D. Haines.

DoASSANSiA Alismatis (Nees ) — On Ecliinodorus rostratus
at Comondu.

PucciNiA aLNOTHER.E Yize. — On (Enotliera cardiophylla,
Santa Maria.

PucciNiA MALVACEARUM Mont. — Ou Abufilou, San Gregorio.

PucciNiA ORNATA, sp. nov. (Plate XII.) Sori minute,
liypopliyllous, pulvinate, dark brown: uredospores mixed
with the telentospores, at first round or obovate, echinate
becoming oblong or oval, and nearly smooth, about 20 M-
in diameter: telentospores dark brown, oblong, constricted
in the middle, rounded at each end: epispore thickened at
apex, sparingly tuberculate, 50-70x30-40 m. : pedicel about
twice as long as the spore, stout, hyaline, flexuous, thick-
ened and lobulate at base, above furnished with about three
whorls of branching hyaline processes as long or a little
longer than its diameter. — On Jiving leaves of Tecoma stems,
Comondu.

Belated to P. Medusce Speg., but differing much in size,
the length and appendages of the j)edicels, etc. The telen-
tospores in this, as in very many other species of Puccinia,
are sometimes 1-celled.

2d Seb., Vol. II. December 20, 1889.

232 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Phyllosticta erysiphoides Sacc. — On living leaves of
Chilopsis saligna, Oalamujuet.

Camarosporium Patagonicum Speg. — On living leaves of
Atriplex Magdalence, Magdalena Island.

Phyllachora crotonis (Cke,) — On living leaves of Croton
Californiciim, Magdalena Island.

Mazzantia Galii (Fr.)— On Galium stellahmi, San Borgia.

MoNTAGNELLA. sp. — On dead twigs of Ephedra Nevadensis,
Magdalena Island.

Pleospora herbarum (Pors.) — On stems of Lyrocarpa
Coidteri and Samolus Valerandi, San Gregorio, San Enrique.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW TURTLE FROM THE SACRAMENTO
RIVER, BELONGING TO THE FAMILY OF TRIONYCHIDiE.

BY J. J. KIYERS.
University of California.

Aspidonectes Californiana.

A robust species, longer than wide, tlie general form being
sub-ovate, the front edge of the carapace forming an arc to
the shoulders, then gradually widening to behind the mid-
dle and then decreasing to the caudal region, where the
broad flap is somewliat acuminate. The length of the cara-
pace, including the flap or margin, is 10 inches; at the ends
of the arc across the shoulders, 7 J inches; at the widest
part behind the middle, 8 J inches. The color above is dark
plumbeous, mottled v/ith light gray, but there are large
patches of cloudy black dispersed over the upper surface.
The central area of the carapace covering the osseous por-
tion has a smooth epidermis, but the margins and flats are
rugose tuberculate. The edge of the front margin of the
shield has a distinct row of large tubercles; there are also
some much flattened tubercles, that are connected with them
somewhat irregularly alternate; there are also a series of
compressed tubercles just behind these, and situated upon
the upper edge of the front margin, which continue all
round the flaps; but on the outer edge of the bony portion
of the carapace this single series of tubercles runs into a
greatly developed and numerous series of rows of tubercles,
situated upon the ventral flap and reaching upon the cara-
pace proper; the central row isVell defined, numbering ten
tubercles, and forming what maybe called the hind portion
of a dorsal ridge. At the front end of the dorsal ridge, or
keel, and continuous with the front margin, is a prominent
tumor or oil gland; it is sub-circular, of an inch and a quar-
ter in diameter; it is easily probed to the depth of five-

2d Seb., Vol. n. December 20, 1889.

234

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

eighths of an inch, from which oil issues slowly. Head and
snout, 3J inches; snout, half an inch; lower lip cleft in
front, with the sides very much thickened; neck, six inches
long, and at its base, just under the front edge of the cara-
pace, is a massive collection of wattles, and upon the back of
the neck are a distant set of finely pointed papillae. Legs
stout, and armed with three greatly developed claws. Tail
thick, projecting li- inches beyond the broad flap. Beneath
and covering the plastron the color is mottled sordid leaden
gray, but under the flaps, and at the base of the thighs,
whitish.

A careful examination has been made of the osseous por-
tion of the skull, which gives the following details, and these
have been compared with the details of the skulls of two of
the allied species, which clearly shows the distinctness of
each. Dr. G. Baur, the famed herpetologist, kindly manip-
ulated the comparative work, and this fact establishes the
specific value of this species with more certainty and value
than had I relied solely upon my own determination.

A spidonectes Californiana.

1. Postorbital arch less than \ aut-
oibital.

2. Interorbital arch >-postorbital>>
autorbital.

3. Symphyses of maxillaries long.

4. Alveolar surface of maxillaries
broad, reducing size of posteiior
nares.

5. Symphysis of lower jaw > than
longitudinal diameter of orbit.

G. Interorbital arch =:
nal diameter of orbit.

longitudi-

7. Pterygoids not much emargina-
ted, nearly quadrate.

8. Pterygoid foramen not arched
over by pterygoid.

Aspklonectes spinifer.
Postorbital arch about i autorbi-

tal.

2. Interorbital arch;
antorbital.

postorbital>>

3. Symphyses of maxillaries short.

4. Alveolar surfaces of maxillaries,
not reducing the size of posterior

5. Symphysis of lower jaw ■< than
longitudinal diameter of orbit.

G. Interorbital arch less than J lon-
gitudinal diameter of orbit, near-

7. Pterygoids much emarginated,
nearly quadrate.

8. Pterygoid foramen arched over
by pterygoid.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW TURTLE. 235

Aspidonectes Emoryi.

1. Postorbital arch very much more
than h antorbital.

2. luterorbital arch = antorbital, >>
postorbital.

.3. Symphyses of maxillaries short.

4. Alveolar surface of maxillaries not re-
ducing size of posterior nares.

5. Symphysis of lower law <^ longi-
tudinal diameter of orbit.

6. luterorbital arch less than ^ longi-
tudinal diameter of orbit.

7. Pterygoids much emarginated, near-
ly quadrate.

8. Pterygoid foramen arched over by
pterygoid.

The general appearance of A. Californiana reminds one of

A. Emoryi by the tubercles on the front edge of the shield,
and by the series of prominent tubercles upon the posterior
portion of the shield and anal portion of the flap, but the
latter is separated from the former by the presence of
"small white tubercles that cover the whole surface of the
upper part like grains of sand," while in A. Emoryi these
white tubercles make one of the specific characteristics.

This addition to the Fauna of North America and to Cali-
fornia in particular, was captured in the Sacramento River,
near the city of Sacramento, by a party of gentlemen en-
gaged in fishing, their names being Messrs. W. J. Terry, H.

B. Denson and J. C. Jones. These gentlemen, considering
their captive something unusual, kindly forwarded it to the
Museum of the Universiiy of California.

The elder Agassiz, in 1857, writing upon American Tes-
tudinata, mentioned but one species of turtle as the sole
representative of its order in the Californian fauna, and
though the Californian region reached from the Straits of

236 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Juan de Fuca to the Gulf of California, lie seemed to infer
that this dearth of shield reptiles was what might be ex-
pected in such a country, at least so I understand him. The
list of the Californian Testudinata at the present writing
number seven species, five out of the seven are the follow-
ing: Aspidonectes Cali/orniana , n. sp.; Cinosternum Sonori-
ense Le C; Platythyra flavescens Ag.; Aciinemys marmorata
B. & G. ; and Xerobates Agassizi Coopev. There is also cred-
ited to California upon good authority, Cinosternum Boiible-
dayi Gray; and I have a worn shell of a yery distinct species
of Chrysemys taken from the upper waters of the Sacramento
near Shasta, and which may be the much abused (7. Orego-^
nensis of Harland.

Of the Californian region, with its great area and varied
features of climate, altitudes, lakes, rivers and water-courses,
together with much that is unexplored, if prophesying were
allowable, I would say that its present list of Testudinata
will be greatly added to in the future.

A CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA,
MEXICO.

BY WALTER E. BRYANT.

The present paper upon the birds of the peninsula of
Baja (Lower) California, Mexico, originally written as a
report upon a collection made by the waiter in the vicinity
of Magdalena Bay in 1888, and wdthheld from publication
in order to include the results of his contemplated field
work of 1889, covering a much greater extent of territory,
has, through the valuable aid of Mr. L. Belding and Mr. A.
W. Anthony, been enlarged to embrace the known avi-fauna
or the entire peninsula and adjacent islands.

The peninsula of Lower California, particularly the ex-
treme southern part and Gulf side, has lately attracted con-
siderable attention as an ornithological field. Many new
species and subspecies have rewarded the undertaking of
the few individuals who have visited the region, but until
the past two years the researches have been conducted
mostly in the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas, San Jose del Cabo,
La Paz, and elswhere on the Gulf shore, and for a short
distance inland. With the exception of a few places in the
upper part of the peninsula, the western side and interior
has been practically unexplored by ornithologists.

Mr. John Xantus, in April, May and June, 1859, explored
from Cape St. Lucas to San Jose del Cabo on the eastern
side, and touched at Todos Santos on the west coast. Mr.
Belding informs me that, according to his recollection, the
Consul at La Paz had told him ^that Mr. Xantus had spent
some six months there. It is possible that I have not done
Mr. Xantus full justice in this paper, some of the species
which are in Mr. Belding's lists are not given in his, from
which it is hardly fair to assume that he (Xantus) did not
observe them. Mr. Belding says: *'It appears quite likely

'2d Ser., Vol. II. December 17, 1889.

238 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Mr. Xantus neglected to report some very common, well-
known residents, since they do not appear in his list."

Mr. L. Belding has done the most extensive work, having
in 1882, made observations, limited often to a few hours or
days at the most, at Cerros Island (April 14-26), Santa Ro-
salia Bay (April 28), San Quintin Bay (May 2-11), Los
Coronados Islands (May 16 and 17), on the western coast of
Lower California. At La Paz (December 15, 1881, to March
21, 1882, and three days spent at Cape St. Lucas in March,
1882), San Jose del Cabo (April 1, 1882, to May 17) ; later. La
Paz was revisited (December 15, 1882), and explorations
made in the Victoria and San Francisco Mountains and the
vicinity of La Paz northward to about lat. 24P 30'', all on
the Gulf side of the peninsula, and to a point about thirty
miles north of Todos Santos on the Pacific coast. In the
northern territory he has traveled from Tia Juana to Han-
sen's in May, 1884, and from San Diego to San Rafael and
the northern base of San Pedro Martir in May, 1885, cov-
ering a region just north of that embraced by Mr. A. W.
Anthony, who has sent me a list of the species observed by
him at various times between San Fernando and El Rosario
in the south to Ensenada in the north, and from Cape Col-
nett on the coast (lat. 31^ N.) to an altitude of 11,000 feet
on the mountain San Pedro Martir.

Mr. M. Abbott Frazar collected, in 1887 and 1888, on the
Gulf coast from La Paz southward, and in the mountains
back from the Gulf shore, and touched Loreto, and I believe
Muleje. Only the new forms which he obtained have thus
far been published, consequently some species not neces-
sarily new are almost certain to be added to this list when
the results of his energetic field work are known.

Under the auspices of this Society an opportunity was
afforded the writer to visit the peninsula during the first
four months of 1888. Previous to this time his studies of
the avi-fauna of Lower California had been confined to Cer-
ros and Guadalupe Islands. Through the courtesy of Mr. J.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 239

P. Hale, the settlement on Magdalena Island (yclept Mag-
dalena Bay) Avas made the base for operations to be con-
ducted on the neighboring island of Santa Margarita, and
also upon the peninsula.

Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands are high and
rocky, the former ending in sand hills many miles towards
the north. From the top of the hills on Magdalena I was
able to see the mountains of the peninsula, the weather be-
ing tolerably clear. That portion of the peninsula adjoin-
ing Magdalena Bay is sandy, level or slightly rolling, and
thickly covered with numerous kinds of cacti and thorny
bushes. The estero, which will be frequently mentioned fur-
ther on, extends from the northern part of Magdalena Bay
northward for more than one hundred miles; its banks are
lined nearly everywhere by mangroves.

Early in March, 1888, a journey was made by boat from
Magdalena Island to San Jorge, a distance of about one
hundred and twenty miles. San Jorge is at the head of
navigation of the estero just mentioned. Long before ar-
riving at San Jorge, after the peaks of Santa Margarita
and Magdalena Islands and the promontory at Cape St.
Lazaro, farther north, had faded below the mangrove tops,
the Sierra de La Giganta could be dimly seen with the
prominent peak. La Giganta, looming above all.

From San Jorge I undertook, in the month of March, to
cross the peninsula to the Gulf of California with saddle
horses, one pack mule, and a Mexican for guide. The route
chosen lay past the w^ater hole of Pozo Grande and through
the long and fertile canon of Comondu, across the plains of
San Julio and San Pedro and over the side of La Giganta
down to Loreto on the Gulf shore. From there back to
Comondu, passing around La Giganta by way of San Gabriel;
but after crossing the mountains the course was changed to
San Juan, a ranch half a day's ride from Loreto, and the
return trip made over practically the same route. The dis-
tance from San Jorge to Comondu (by trail) is about forty

240 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

miles. The entire distance covered on the pack-mule expe-
dition was about one hundred miles and return.

Comondu canon is well worth special mention, it probably
having never been previously visited by an ornithologist,
but no description of mine can give anything like an accu-
rate idea of the country. After traversing a good trail from
San Jorge through the brush and cactus and constantly ap-
proaching the mountains we enter a broad, dry arroyo, whose
sides of sandy hills gradually narrow and become more
rocky. By the time the first running water is reached we
are at the first ranch of Comondu, or more properly garden,
for the entire caiion is divided into small gardens, one ad-
joining another. The rocky sides rising in places two to
five hundred feet above the creek now fairly wall us in with-
out an outlet until the town of San Miguel is approached;
from this ancient settlement several trails lead to places in
the surrounding country.

Comondu canon is twelve miles or less in length and only
a few hundred yards wide at any point. Above the settle-
ment of San Miguel, in Comondu canon, is an old mission,
now abandoned. The caiion owes its fertility to two large
living springs, the waters of which are conducted in open
ditches through the gardens for irrigation.

The population, including the swarms of children, num-
bers about one thousand or less. The peojDle are generally
hospitable, but miserably poor. In the gardens are culti-
vated the fig, date, orange, guava and lemon, various vege-
tables, sugar cane, small patches of grain, corn, etc. Such
an oasis could not fail to attract birds from the heated, cac-
tus-covered and rock-strewn land about, and my expectation
to find numbers of species not previously met with was
fully realized. Indeed I was so pleased with the place that
I returned again in April, and made additional collections,
but the climate, water and food, were unfavorable for a
longer stay than two weeks.

The plains of San Julio and San Pedro are grazing lands.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 241

with a few low trees, cacti and bushes. Birds were fairly
numerous in these places, but on the side of La Giganta no
species worthy of note were found.

The collections which I made in 1888 and 1889 on Santa
Margarita Island and Magdalena Island, and the peninsula
adjoining Magdalena Bay, indicate a marked lack of the
birds known as '" Cape species," which do not (with a few ex-
ceptions) extend northward abundantly for any great distance
on the western side of the peninsula. Whatever so-called
*'Cape species" were met with coastwise were found more
numerous in the interior and towards the Gulf coast, which
is much warmer, particularly in summer.

In addition to the following standard works consulted in
the preparation of this catalogue, I have had considerable
assistance from the letters of Messrs. Belding and Anthony.
To Messrs. Ridgway and Belding I return my thanks for
their indispensable work of determining certain of the
species collected. Messrs. Anthony and Emerson have
kindly loaned me specimens for comparison.

A History of North American Birds, by Baird, Brewer and
Ridgway; 3 vols.

The Water Birds of North America, by Baird, Brewer
and Ridgway; 2 vols.

Key to North American Birds, by Elliott Coues; Isfc ed.

A Manual of North American Birds, by Robert Ridg-
way.

The nomenclature of the revised edition of the American
Ornithologists' Union has been used, and followed in order,
the names used by the early writers having been adapted to
it, bringing their work down to date. In addition to being a
simple catalogue, the observations of collectors which are
given, are intended to show the species they have met with
in certain localities, some new, others of corroborative in-

2d Ser., Vol. II. ( 17 ) December 21, 1889.

242 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

terest; and in many cases this is sufficient to generalize
upon the distribution of those species throughout the pen-
insula and adjacent islands.

To this is added such biographical notes as were possible
upon the itinerant trips, when the whole care and respon-
sibility of the expeditions rested upon the author, whose
other duties of collecting and preparing mammals, birds,
birds' eggs and reptiles with wholly inadequate assistance, or
none, left but little time for careful observations on habits.

I include under the term " Cape species," those which
have their principal habitat on the Gulf side of the penin-
sula southward from about the latitude of La Paz; some of
these, as hereafter indicated, occur elsewhere in more or
less abundance. The term is in one sense a misnomer — as
remarked by Mr. Belding: "Inappropriate, for the good
reason that so few of the so-called Cape species really occur
at Cape St. Lucas." The " Cape region," when alluded to,
will be understood to designate in general the country just
mentioned, where the principal operations of Messrs. Xan-
tus, Belding and Frazar were conducted. I have noted the
localities where species have been found, some of which are
given, for instance, only from the Cape region, from which
the negative conclusion that they do not occur elsewhere on
the peninsula, should not be drawn, as many of them are
well known to inhabit Upper California and range south
into Mexico during migration.

A bibliography of the papers relating wholly or in part
to the ornithology of Lower California is appended.

This year (1889) I revisited Magdalena and Santa Mar-
garita Islands, and secured some species not found the pre-
vious year, and obtained additional specimens of the others.
I was greatly disappointed, however, at failing to find upon
Santa Margarita Island certain small land birds, which had
been common the year before in winter, but they had all
departed.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 243

On March 15 I left Magdaleiia Bay, accompanied by one
assistant, and tlie well-known botanist, Mr. T. S. Brandegee,
to make a journey nortliward through the interior of the
peninsula. A^ our time was somewhat limited, and the
season for collecting so well advanced. I abandoned my first
intention of beginning the overland journe}^ from the coun-
try adjoining Magdalena Bay, on the east, and instead went
by boat to San Jorge. From San Jorge we went inland to
Comondu, where a stay of twelve days was made in order to
collect in that interesting locality, and negotiate for ani-
mals and men for the overland journey. Much difficulty
was experienced in getting competent men and suitable ani-
mals, but at last satisfactory arrangement:^ were made, and
the trip, which I had been told by one who has had mucli
experience traveling in the peninsula was an impossibility,
owing mainly to lack of water, commenced April 3. ' ' The
start," says Mr. Brandegee, " was made with some misgiv-
ings as to the result, for we knew there was a ride of nearly
five hundred miles before us through a dry, desolate, rocky
and almost uninhabited region." Briefly noticing the general
route taken, wdiich was governed largely by the question of
water, I shall pass to the ornithological bibliography of
Lower California, and finish with an annotated list of birds
known from that territory. Only species which have a valid
claim to a place in the catalogue have been included; others
are almost certain to be found later, as they are known to
occur, at times, both north and south of the peninsula.

I made inquiry of the people with the intention of pre-
paring a list of the Mexican names of the birds, but the in-
formation received was so contradictory, and the same name
applied often to several species, and of many no name was
known, that the result was ver\" unsatisfactory.

It must be borne in mind that at the time of the overland
journey from Comondu to San Quintin, the migration had
practically ceased.

244 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Parts of the trip were necessarily made with some haste,
owing to a variety of causes, hence observations could only
be taken from the saddle; again, wlien breaking or pitching
camp my presence was always required, so that valuable op-
portunities of making observations within a radius of camp
were often lost.

Returning to the itinerary of the trip, it will be scarcely
necessary to more than mention the general route and to-
pography, and notice some of the localities having more
than passing ornithological interest. The very excellent map
of Lower California, which accompanies this catalogue, was
prepared by Mr. Brandegee for his paper upon ' ' A Collect-
ion of Plants from Baja California, 1889," and through his
courtesy I have been able to present it for the use of orni-
thologists.

The first of the journey was to the coast at San Gregorio
and then to San Juanico, from where we traveled into the
interior, keeping as much as possible in mountainous coun-
try, for the reason that more water was to be found there,
and the vegetation and ornithology were more abundant
and varied. At San Jose de Gracia is a fertile canon much
narrower and shorter than Comondu, but presenting sub-
stantially the same species but less numerous and more dif-
ficult to obtain in the thickly grown creek and crowded
gardens. From San Jose de Gracia, the route lay over an
elevated mesa, through characteristic Lower California vege-
tation of cactus and thorny bushes striving to be trees, till
descending a steep trail amongst the boulders, we came to
San Benito canon, well watered and having actual trees
(an ash). More time than a single day could have been spent
here to advantage, but its nearness (in an air line) to
Comondu and the uncertainty of the length of time it would
take to reach San Quintin, together with the assurance of
the guide that equally attractive localities were beyond (in
which I believe he was mainly correct), caused us to
reluctantly move on. From San Benito to San Ignacio

BIRDS OF LOAVER CALIFORNIA. 245

the avi-fauna was pracfcicall}^ unchanged, Patrocinia and
Jesus Maria being good localities, due partly to topography
and mainly to abundant good water.

From San Ignacio to Calmalli the trail lay over rocky,
volcanic mesas, down and up deep canons and across rocky
or sandy lowlands. Between these two notable places
occurred the most important change in the avi-fauna. Beld-
ing's Yellow-throat, Brown's Song Sparrow, St. Lucas
House Finch, and others, were noted here for the last time,
although they may occur somewhat farther north, particu-
larly towards the Gulf side. Soon after leaving Calmalli on
the w^ay to San Borgia, a granitic region was encountered,
and certain common birds of Upper California were found
which had been seen only as individuals farther south.

From San Borgia to the Gulf Coast at San Francisquito,
there was noted a marked poverty of birds, the region being
dry and very hot. Between these places I first saw Scott's
Oriole and other more northern-breeding species. After
leaving the Gulf Coast and heavy granite region, the more
level country to San Fernando and El Rosario, with watering
places indicated on the map, was fairly represented bj' birds
which, by this time and in this latitude, were generally in
wretched plumage. The long ride from El Bosario to water
at Socorro was made partly at night, but the first Bell's
Sparrow was seen this day. The region being so barren, li ttle
bird life of importance was noticed. The remainder of the
journey, made on the welcome day when we arrived at San
Quintin and civilization, carried us through the country
which has been so well explore^d by Mr. Anthony that I
found but little to record.

From Comondu to San Quintin, including time spent in
the most favorable localities, we Avere just forty-nine days,
and taking the mileage from place to place over very circui-
tous trails as it was given by the Mexicans, the aggregate
was five hundred and ninety-seven miles.

246 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Some localities mentioned in this paper are not upon Mr.
Brandegee's map, therefore I will give the approximate
locations that they may make more clear the remarks upon
the species.

Carapo is in San Diego county, Cal., about fifty miles
from San Diego and one mile north of the boundary line.

Tia Juana is on the boundary line twelve miles from San
Diego.

Valle Palmas is forty miles from San Diego.

Vallecita is about sixty miles from San Diego.

Guadalupe canon is inland about twelve miles from
Ensenada.

San Rafael is twent^^-five miles east of Ensenada.

Hansen's Ranch is south of Campo, about seventy miles,
and elevated between (5,000 and 7,000 feet.

Valle Trinidad is at the north base of San Pedro Martir,
sixty miles from San Rafael, and about sixteen miles from
the Gulf.

San Ramon is on the coast, twenty-five miles north of
San Quintin.

San Telmo is about twelve miles inland from Cape Colnett.

San Ysidro is on the coast, about thirty-five miles south
of Ensenada.

In the Cape region, Laguna, Santiago, Agua Caliente and
Miraflores are not widely separated in the central part of
the peninsula about midway between lat. 23° and 24P N.

Pichalinque Bay is part of La Paz Bay.

Much as it is hoped that light has been shed upon the
ornithology of Lower California, especially over the region
traveled, the writer knows, more than anyone, of the imper-
fections of the present catalogue and the difficulty of treat-
ing this subject under peculiarly adverse circumstances, but
ventures to hope that it may meet with favor and prove of
interest and assistance to ornithologists.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 247

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

1859. Xautus, John. — Descriptions of Supposed New Species of Birds from
Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1859, pp. 297-599.)

Ficus lucasanus, CampylorJnjnchus affinis, Harporhynchus cinereus, p. 298; Bra-
cliyrhamphus hypoleucus, p. 299.

1859. Baird, S. F. — Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Mr. John
Xantus, at Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, and now in the
Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
^ Phila., 1859, pp. 299-306.)

A list of forty-two species witn annotations and descriptions of three new
species, Cardinalis igneus, Pipilo albigula, Chamcepelia passerina ? var. palles-
cens, p. 305 ; Myiarchus pertinax, proposed for Myiarchus, from Cape St. Lucas,
if it should prove to be distinct from true M. mexicanus.

1876. Eidgway, Robert. — Studies of the American Falconidae. (Bull. U. S,
Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., 2d ser., No. 6, Feb. 8, 1876, pp. 451-
473.)

Original description of Polyborus lutosus, pp. 459-460.

1876. Ridgway, Robert. — Ornithology of Guadeloupe Island, Based on Notes

and Collections made by Dr. Edward Palmer. (Bull. U. S. Geol.
& Geog. Surv. Terr., vol. II, 1876. pp. 183-195.)

Descriptions of Regulus calendula obscurus, p. 184; Salpindes obsoletus guade-
loupensis, p. 185; Thryomanes brevicauda, p. 186; Carpodacus amplus, p. 187;
Junco insularis, p. 188; Pipilo maculalus consobrinus, p. 189; Colaptes mexicanus
rufipileus, p. 191; Polyborus lutosus, p. 192.

1877. Ridgway, Robert. — The Birds of Guadeloupe Island, Discussed with

Reference to the present Genesis of Species. (Bull. Nutt. Ornith.
Club, vol. II, pp. 58-66.)

In this paper the subspecies described in Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv.
Terr., vol. 11, 1876, pp. 184, 185, 189, 191, are classed as species.

1882. Ridgway, Robert. — On two Recent Additions to the North American
Bird-fauna, by L. Beldiug. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. IV, 1882,
pp. 414-415.

Motacilla ocularis, Dendroeca vieilloti bryanti, p. 414.

1882. Ridgway, Robert. — Descriptions of some New North American Birds.
(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. V, 1882, pp. 343-346.)

Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus, Lophophanes inornatus griseus, Geothlypis
beldingi, Rallus beldingi.

1882. Belding, L. — [Edited by R. Ridgway.] Catalogue of a Collection of
Birds made at Various Points along the Western Coast of Lower
California, north of Cape St. Eugeuio. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus,,
vol. V, 1882, pp. 527-532.)

From Los Coronados Islands, three species; San Quintin Bay, seventeen
species ; Santa Rosalia Bay, seven species ; Cerros Island, twenty species.

248 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

1882. Belding, L.— [Edited by E. Ridgway.] Catalogue of a Collection of

Birds made near the Southern Extremity of the Peninsula of Lower
California. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. V, 1882, pp. 532-550.)
With list, by Mr. Ridgway, of thirty-four species obtained by Mr. Xantus.

1883. Ridgway, Robert. — Descriptions of some New Birds from Lower

California, Collected by Mr. L. Belding. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. VI, 1883, pp. 154-156.)

Lnphophanes inornatus cineraceus, p. 154; Psallriparus grindce, Junco bairdi,
p. 155.

1883. Ridgway, Robert. — Anthus cerviniis (Pallas) in Lower California.
(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus , vol. VI, 1883, pp. 156-158.)

1883. Ridgway, Robert — Note on Merula confinis (Baird). Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. VI, pp. 158-159.)

1883. Belding, L. — List of Birds found at Guaymas, Sonora, in December,
1882, and April, 1883. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. VI, 1883, pp.
343-344 )

A simple list of forty-six species of land birds collected or observed, of
which thirty-five are also represented in Lower California, and five others
have closely allied forms.

1883. Belding, L. — [Edited by R, Ridgway.] Second Catalogue of a Collec-
tion of Birds made near the Southern Extremity of Lower Califor-
nia. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. VI, 1883, pp. 344-352.)
Summary mentions that 187 species were observed at the Cape region.

1886. Bryant, Walter E.— Cerros Island. (Forest and Stream, vol. XXVII,

pp. G2-64.)

Includes a list of twenty-seven species, with brief annotations.

1887. Bryant, Walter E. — Additions to the Ornithology of Guadalupe

Island. (Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. II, pp. 269-318.)

Annotated list of thirty-five species, with life-histories of insular forms.

1887. Bryant, Walter E. — Description of a New Subspecies of Petrel from

Guadalupe Island. (Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. II, pp. 450-451.)

Oceanodroma leucorhoa macrodadyla.

1888. Brewster, William. — Descriptions of Supposed New Birds from Lower

California, Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas.
(Auk, vol. V, pp. 82-95.)

Lower Californiau forms are: Ardea virescens frazari, p. 8.3; Hcemalopus
frazari, pp. 84-86; Columbafasdatavioscce, pp. 86-87; Empidonax cineritius, pp.
90-91.

1888. Brewster, William.— On three Apparently New Subspecies of Mexican
Birds. (Auk, vol. V, pp. 136-139.)

Lower Calif ornian form is: Glaucidium gnoma hoskinsii.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 249

1888. Goss, N. S.— New and Kare Birds found Breeding on the San Pedro

Martir Isle. (Auk, voL V, pp. 240-244.)

New species described are: Sula gossi and Sula brewsteri.

1889. Bryant, Walter E.— Description of a New Subspecies of Song Sparrow

from Lower California, Mexico. (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2d ser.,
vol. I, pp. 197-200.)
Melospiza fasciata rivularis.

1889. Brewster, William.— Descriptions of Supposed New Birds from Western
North America and Mexico. (Auk, vol. VI, pp. 85-98.)

Lower Calif ornian forms are: Empidonax griseus, pp. 87-89; Progne subis
hesperia, pp. 92-93.

1889. Bryant, Walter E.— Descriptions of the Nests and Eggs of some Lower
Califoruian Birds, with a Description of the Young Plumage of
Geothlypis beldingi. (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. II,

pp. 20-27.)

Nest and eggs of Geothlypis beldingi, Melospiza fasciata rivularis, Carpodacus
frontalis ruberrimus, Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca.

1889. Anthony, Alfred W — New Birds from Lower California, Mexico.
(Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. II, pp. 73-82.)

Oreortyx picius confinis, Aphelocoma californica obscura, Junco toxonsendi, Sitta
pygmcea leuconucha, Sialia mexicana anabelce.

1. -ffichmophorus occidentalis (Lawr.)

Western Grebe. — Kare at Magdalena Bay where one was
last seen on March 4, 1888. This species has been taken on
the west coast of Mexico, but not noticed in previous lists
of birds from Lower California except from Cerros Island
where I saw them in January, 1885. Mr. Anthony has re-
cently seen it in San Quintin Bay in winter.

2. Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Heerm.)

American Eared Grebe. — Keported by Mr. Belding as
very common at San Quintin Bay, May 10, 1881, also from
Cape region. I found a female dead on the shore of Cerros
Island in January, 1885. They were common along the
shores of Magdalena Bay, particularly at Magdalena Island.
They were seen about the landing swimming in com-
pact groups of from one to two dozen birds, the entire

250 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

flock would dive almost simultaneously and appear again in
a more scattered bunch a short distance away. Their tame-
ness made them objects to be stoned by Mexican boys who
occasionally killed and wounded some.

3. Colymbus dominicus Liuu.

St. Domingo Grebe. — "Very common at San Jose, Mira-
flores and Santiago, in the winter of 1882-83, but not
recognized the previous winter." (Belding).

4- Podilymbus podiceps (Linn )

PiED-BiLLLED Grebe. — Observed only by Mr. Belcling
from the Cape region. At San Quintin Bay Mr. Anthony
has seen them in winter and about the kelp on the coast.

5. Urinator imber (Gunn.)

Loon. — Two were seen by Mr. Belding at La Paz, January
27, 1883, and one was shot at San Quintin Bay in May.

6. Urinator pacificus (Lawr.)

Pacific Loon. — An adult specimen in breeding plumage
was found dead on the shore of Guadalupe Island by Dr.
Palmer in 1875.

7. Cerorhinca monocerata* (PalL)

Ehinoceros Auklet. — Two specimens were taken by
myself in January, 1885, at the southern end of Cerros
Island.

8. Ptychoramphus aleuticus (Pall )

Cassin's Auklet. — Mr. Anthony has found it nesting as
far south as San Geronimo Island. I have recorded them
from Cerros Island where they were rare in January, 1885.

9. Brachyramphus hypoleucus Xantns.

Xantus's Murrelet. — First taken from the Cape region
by Mr. Xantus, but not recorded from the Pacific coast of
the peninsula. Dr. Cooper, however, notes it from Santa
Barbara Island, Alta California, where it was breeding, and
Col. N. S. Goss collected two specimens near San Diego,
just north of the boundary line.

BIRDS OF LOWJER CALIFORNIA. 251

10. Brachyramphus craveri (Salvad.)

Craveei's Murrelet. — From Cape St. Lucas by Mr.
Xantus. Also given from Natividad Island, which is on
the west coast near lat. 28^ N.

11. Larus occidentalis And.

Western Gull. — Tolerably common at Magdalena Bay
in winter, and northward along the western coast. Said to
breed upon the Todos Santos Islands off Ensenada, and also
upon the Island of San Pedro Martir (Goss). Noted from
the Cape region also.

12. Larus argentatus smithsonianus Couos.

American Herring Gull. — Kecorded by myself from
Cerros Island.

13. Larus californicus Lawr.

California Gull. — Said by Mr. Belding to be moderately
common at San Jose del Cabo. I obtained immature birds
at Magdalena Bay in the winter.

14. Larus delawarensis Ord.

Ring-billed Gull. — Recorded from the Cape region by
Mr. Belding, and from San Quintin Bay by Mr, Anthon}^
in winter.

15. Larus heermanni Cass.

Heermann's Gull. — The most common species of Laridce
met with at Magdalena Bay, nearly all being -in immature
plumage. They attend in large numbers the flocks of
pelicans and cormorants when fishing. They occur com-
monly along both coasts, breeding on the islands.

16. Larus Philadelphia (Ord).

Bonaparte's Gull. — Observed only by Mr. Belding from
the Cape region.

17. Sterna maxima Bodd.

Royal Tern. — Reported from Cape region by early
observers and from northwest coast in winter, by Mr.
Anthony. Mr. Belding found it common at Cerros Island
in April, rare in May.

252 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

18. Sterna elegans Gamb.

Elegant Tern. — Numbers were seen around Magdalena
Bay in 1888. This year I obtained five adult plumaged birds
at Magdalena.

19. Sterna forsteri Nutt.

Forster's Tern. — Eecorded from Cape region by Mr.
Belding, and given from northwest coast by Mr. Anthony.

20. Diomedia nigripes Aud.

Black-footed Albatross. — Mr. Anthony reports seeing
them frequently a mile and more off shore. I caught four
with hook and line when sailing from Guadalupe Island to
Ensenada.

21. Diomedia albatrus Pan.

Short-tailed Albatross. — An adult plumaged bird was
seen on the water of the estero, near one of the openings to
the ocean, April, lb 88. When sailing in a schooner from
Guadalupe Island to Ensenada in April, 1886, five birds
followed the boat, at times sweeping away to a distance on
either side and then returning to cross or follow the wake,
one was an immature plumaged bird of this species.

22. Puffinus gavia (Forst.)

Black-vented Shearwater. — From Guadalupe Island,
where I found one dead. Mr. Anthony says it is abundant
along the northwest coast.

23. Puffinus griseus (GmeD

Dark-bodied Shearwater. — Kecorded by Mr. Xantus
from Cape St. Lucas, August 18.

24. Halocyptena microsoma Coues.

Least Petrel. — Found at San Jose del Cabo in May by
Mr. Xantus.

25. Oceanodroma macrodactyla (Bryant).

Guadalupe Petrel. — Known only from Guadalupe Island.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 253

26. Oceanodroma melania (Bouap.)

Black Peteel. — A single specimen taken by Mr. Xantus
from the Cape region.

27. Phaethon sethereus Linu.

Eed-billed Tropic Bird. — Has been recorded from Cape
Cohiett in September, 1888, by Mr. Anthony and also from
fifty miles north of Cerros Island. They were occasionally
seen by myself at Magdalena Bay in January, 1888. Mr.
Xantns does not give this species in his list. Mr. Bclding
obtained one at Espiritu Santo Island, February 1, 1882.
They breed on certain islands in tiie Gulf of California, San
Pedro Martir (Goss) and Santa Isabel (?).

28. Sula gossii Ridgw.

Blur-footed Booby. — Breeds on certain islands in Gulf
of California; San Pedro Martir (Goss).

29. Sula sula (Linu.)

Booby. — An immature bird was shot near Pichalinque
Bay in January, 1883, by Dr. H. Ten Kate, and is given in
Mr. Belding's second catalogue as Sula leucogasira (Bodd.)

30. Sula brewsteri Goss.

Brewster's Booby. ~ Same remarks as under S. gossii.

31. Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus Ridgw.

Farallon Cormorant. — Presumed to be the cormorant
mentioned by Prof. Baird as " Graculus dilophus ? Gray. —
Immature," in his notes on the collection made by Mr. Xan-
tus at Cape St. Lucas. And reported later from Cape
region by Mr. Belding as P. dilophus cincimiatus (Brandt).
At Cerros Island he says: "A colony of about one hundred
of these cormorants were breeding on almost inaccessible
cliffs which rose perpendicularly from the water. Seven
nests, examined from above, contained either three or four
eggs each. Thousands of these species were observed at
Elida and St. Martin's Islands, and San Quintin Bay." The
numbers of these birds which congregate at Magdalena

254 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Bay is almost incredible. Many mornings I have been
attracted by the noise of thousands fishing some distance
off shore and have watched through a glass the dense, dark
mass as they passed a given point. Those half a mile or
more in the rear came flying forward in platoons and
alighted at the head of the broad line, making the water
turbulent with commotion while their numbers were being
constantly augmented by the arrival of stragglers from the
sides and rear. Mingled with the myriads of cormor-
ants, were often many California brown pelicans plunging
for fish, while above all hovered Heermann's gulls, robbing
at every oi^portunity. To all appearances, they were
following a great school of fish, astounding numbers of
which must be daily consumed by these voracious feeders.

In one part of the bay was a low, sandy island formerly
covered by a light deposit of guano. This low land was the
common gathering place for many water birds and the prin-
cipal headquarters for cormorants, it having been, I was
told, a nesting place, but the collecting of guano had caused
them to desert it as a breeding resort. Passing close by
one day in a sail boat, the shore line and in places some
distance inland was seen to be actually black with closely
crowded cormorants. As the boat approached, they hurried
pell-mell into the water where a few dived and others took
flight. Those at a distance from the shore flew or ran
awkwardly to the water's edge.

Cormorants were seen along the estero to San Jorge, and in
April, 1889, on the lagoons in lower Purisima canon, but
no nesting colonies were found except on Santa Margarita
Island. On that island they built upon mangrove bushes
bordering a small lagoon. This lagoon was about eighty
yards in width at the widest part, and five hundred yards
or less in length, extending in a general direction north and
south; upon the west side only were built nests of the
frigate pelican.

Many of the cormorant's nests, in fact all of those first

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 255

constructed, were upon the same maDgroA^es as were used
by the frigate pelicans, but only the highest branches were
appropriated by the cormorants. Later in the season the
mangroves on the opposite (east) side of the lagoon were
clustered with nests of cormorants.

When I first visited this colony (January 14, 1888) a few
of the nests contained eggs, and scores of others were in
varying stages of construction. The great rush of cormor-
ants to Santa Margarita Island did not occur until April or
latter part of March .

The cormorant's nests were easily distinguished from
those of the man-o'-war birds by their higher situation upon
the mangroves and by their greater size, particularly the
height. Composed of small sticks, they formed a pile a foot,
more or less, high, a slight depression on top was lined
with seaweed, two or three colors being sometimes found
in the same nest, giving an odd effect in contrast with the
eggs. The sea-weed is gathered along shore, and perhaps
also obtained by diving, as I was led to suppose from watch-
ing some of the birds. I noticed a cormorant upon
the water with something in his bill, evidently sea- weed for
nest lining, which he was endeavoring to bring to shore,
but being harassed by a number of man-o'-war birds which
hung over him, it was only after many attempts and after
all but one of the birds had left him, that he finally got
fairly on the wing and gained the nest. As he swam shore-
ward with the sea-weed, one after another of the tormentors
would swoop gracefully down and attempt to seize the weed,
but it was dropped in time to save it from the robbers and
then regained by diving. Sometimes the cormorant would
go entirely under to avoid the birds, taking the sea-weed
with him. Again, when there was a little lull in the
frequency of attacks, he would take wing, but would at
once drop to the water and dive when overhauled by one of
the man-o'-war birds. Six times I saw him get fairly under
full headway only to go down each time under the attack of

256 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

a frigate pelican which overtook him with apparently no
effort. Whenever chased, a cormorant squawks lustily and
tries to avoid his pursuer by turning to one side, but the
pelican keeping close behind with scarcely a motion of his
wings, soon causes him to drop the fish which he may have
and which is quickly snatched from the surface before it
sinks.

When on an excursion up the long estero, I saw for the first
time the doubted spectacle of a cormorant sailing. The
bird was a solitary individual, about a gun-shot above the
water; with wide-spread wings he covered in flight nearly a
hundred yards without flapping, but of course rapidly
descending];'. Since reading, years ago, Longfellow's poem
" The Skeleton in Armor," I have watched hundreds of
these birds flying, to note, if ever, "^ * ^ '^ ^itli his
wings aslant, sails the fierce cormorant," and even now
incline to tliink that some other bird was had in mind or
very large margin must be allowed a natural history
reference.

Most of the cormorants' nests could be reached by careful
climbing and by distributing one's weight upon different
branches and partially supporting by the arms. It was
impossible, even when the tide was out, to walk on the
ground among the trees, or more properly bushes, for they
were hardly trees in size, hence to reach the nests I was
obliged to climb through and over the mangroves. Many
times in my eagerness and haste to get over as much ground,
or rather as much mangrove as possible, 1 broke through
the tangle, seldom falling entirely to the ground, but
lodging midway in a peculiarly helpless position from
which it required time and care to clear myself.

Some of the nests contained fresh eggs as early as
January 14, and I was told they had been taken by the
people for food two weeks before.

I did not notice the peculiarity mentioned by Dr. Cooper
that the eggs would not coagulate by boiling, for although

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 257

I ate many, I believe none were boiled. Some wliicli were
broken by my falling amongst the mangroves were cooked
upon a piece of iron laid on the fire, and these certainly
acquired firmness enough to bite on, something of a
gelatinous consistency, if 1 remember rightly, and although
unsalted, I recollect that they relished at the time. It
makes a wonderful difference in one's opinion of such things
whether they have dined well for a day or two preceding
the experiment or not. The eggs were usually four in
number, sometimes three, and in one nest five were found.

32. Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Brandt).

Brandt's Coemorant. — Reported from the Cape region
and Los Coronados Island by Mr. Belding; at San Jose del
Cabo and Cerros Island, he mentions it as abundant. They
were found at Magdalena Bay and for many miles up the
ester 0.

33. Phalacrocorax pelagicus resplendens (Aud.)

Baird's Cormorant. — Seen near Todos Santos Islands upon
one occasion in May by Mr. Anthony.

34. Pelecanus erythrorhynchos GmeL

American White Pelican. — A flock of white pelicans was
reported to me from a little more than one hundred miles
northward from Magdalena, on the Pacific coast. Observed
at the Cape region by Mr. Xantus. (' ' San Jose del Cabo,
Januar^^ February; Cape St Lucas, no date.") Two were
seen at La Paz, February 17, 1883, by Mr. Belding.

35. Pelecanus californicus Ridgw.

California Brown Pelican^ — Abundant at Magdalena
Bay and for many miles up the estero. They often fished
in company, in which case they would be attended by a
large number of man-o'-war birds that kept continually
swooping down to rob them of the fish caught. I did not
see them actually succeed, for the pelicans are very cautious

2d SiiR., Vol. II. ( 18 ) December 31, 1889,

258 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

when they seize a fish, and hold it by the tip of their long-
bill under water for a few seconds until a favorable moment
to swallow it.

At times when the bay was perfectly smooth, white water
could be seen here and there thrown several feet into the
air by the fishing operations of pelicans, so far away that
the birds would not be noticed. With a glass I have watched
them when fishing close to shore — solitary birds undisturbed
by galls or frigate pelicans. With slow, laborious strokes
and bill extended, he rises to a suitable height to enable
him to see the fish beneath the rippled surface, then flying
with measured beats as though he meant to go miles away,
a fish is suddenly discovered near the surface, the wings
partially collapse, and with a heavy plunge, a loud splash
as he strikes, and the water flies upward. It is all over in a
moment, the bird shakes his plumage, adjusts the wings, and
sitting sedately upon the water with the bill drawn back
close to the neck, the tip just below the surface, holding a
wiggling fish for a few moments, then with an upward toss
of the bill, the fish disappears in the pouch, there is a slight
rustle of the plumage, a satisfactory shake of the tail and
the fisher is ready for the next. Eising heavily with an
inexpressibly weary air, he perhaps flies but a few yards
and is only a little distance above the water when another
fish is seen. Plunging obliquely this time it is taken,
and the same maneuver gone through again. Varying with
the smooth or ruffled state of the surface, or perhaps the
depth at which the fish are swimming, the pelicans rise to
varying heights. The momentum of the fall, or the depth
which the fish may be, often takes them entirely under.
This is a most interesting sight to witness, when a high
plunge carries them under, sending white water high into
the air and concealing the bird, then suddenly he bobs up
like a cork and shakes the water from his plumage. Possi-
bly the fish is not seen until it is directly beneath or has
even been passed, then the most beautiful plunge is seen,

BIRDS OF LO^YER CALIFORNIA. 259

for with the quick closing of the wings, they round to and
fall to one side or, as it sometimes actually appears, in the
opposite direction from which they were flying.

In rare instances the fish escaped (but not if once caught)
and then the disappointed pelican would spend but little
time at the spot where he had failed, but once more on the
wing, begin scanning the bay for food. In traveling from
placato place, several fly together in a line; usually the
leader stops flapping first, then each in order sails with
motionless wings; the flapping of the leader's wings is a
signal followed in rotation by each of the others. When
journeying in this way they generally fly close to the
surface, so close as to all but touch the waves with their
wings.

Great flocks congregate on sandy shores to rest, assumiog
various positions. Continually amongst the crowd will be
seen, here and there, a head and long bill thrown into the
air as though yawning but more probably to swallow a fish
concealed in the pouch. The peaceful scene will be turned
into one of confusion as a boat sweeps into sight and bears
down on them. They commence to move uneasily about,
some waddle to the water and begin swimming away, others,
after a few awkward jumps, take wing from the beach and
the whole flock goes trooping away to another sandspit
followed by a few gulls and deserted by the cormorants
which had gathered near them.

I did not find a breeding colony, but was told that they
lay on the southern end of Santa Margarita Island. Young
birds out fishing for themselves were seen in April. Mr.
Anthony found a colony of about five hundred breeding on
San Martin Island, and according to Mr. A. M. Ingersoll,
they nest also on Los Coronados Islands. A Mexican guide
who accompanied me on some of my excursions along the
estero, and who was quite observant in points of natural
history, related to me in all sincerity an interesting tale of
pelicans being killed by striking submerged rocks Avlien

260 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

fishing in shallow water. The dead birds he had reference
to were probably those mentioned by Mr. Belding as having
been " nearly exterminated by disease in February, 1882,"
at the Cape region. Mr. Anthony observed a pelican at
San Martin Island that had the upper mandible splintered
*' so that it hung down upon her breast in two or three long
strips," supposed to have been caused by striking a hidden
rock when plunging for fish.

36. Fregata aquila (Linn.)

Man-o'-War Bird. — The first birds sighted as we neared
land approaching Magdalena Bay, were the frigate pelicans,
which are known to some as " storm birds." The superin-
tendent of one of the guano islands in the Gulf told me that
the Yaqui Indians whom he employed, regarded the pres-
ence of many of these birds in their vicinity as the certain
forerunner of a storm, and would refuse to work in the boats^
on such days. The Mexicans call them " tijeras'' (scissors),
from the scissor-like movements of their two long outer
rectrices. When seen for the first time at a distance, the
tail might be mistaken for long legs extending behind in
the manner of a flying heron.

Going over to Santa Margarita Island from Magdalena
Island on January 14, 1888, I saw many of these birds on
the wing, some of them idly floating at an immense height,
so high as to be almost invisible, higher than I have ever
seen hawks (Bateo) sailing. Anchoring near shore, w©
waited until morning before landing. From the boat, the
mangroves spoken of under the subject of cormorants, could
be seen fairly covered with birds and a long whirliDg column
of others on the wing extended far skyward. Birds were con-
tinually coming and going from this place, but none passed
within gun-shot of the boat, and during my excursions by
boat, more than five hundred miles in all, no man-o'-war
bird came near enough for a shot. On the wing they sail
much of the time, but when they flap the strokes of their
long wings are slow and willowy. They are by far the most

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 261

graceful birds when flying that I have ever seen. In picking
food from the water, they scarcely disturb the surface;
descending airily, the object is taken in passing in such a
manner that at the moment of seizure the bird's head is
bent under, then quickly throwing the head upwards, they
rise again, silent and graceful. I have seen flocks of fiftv
or more circling over the land a mile from water and con-
tinually descending to the ground, bushes or cacti from
which they were evidently picking food, possibly land snails,
although I could not approach near enough to see even with
a field glass that any sizeable objects were taken. The
stomaclis of the specimens examined were either empty or
contained slender parisitic worms about 40 mm. long. The
principal feeding ground was probably at sea. They were
not seen to light anywhere except upon their nests or the
mangroves. In order to study more closely the habits of
these birds, I camped for a few nights upon the sand ridge
between the bay and lagoon.

The birds were more quiet after dark, but some sounds
could be heard throughout the entire night. At the first
faint appearance of dawn, a continuous exodus would com-
mence from the rookery, some of the birds flying high over
the island more than four miles to the sea. The mangroves
bordering upon the western side only of the lagoon were
used for nesting sites, a partial vacancy midway seemed to
separate two colonies. The mangroves being higher at the
edge of the water, the nests were placed at heights varying
from five to tv/elve feet. Procuring a small boat and the
services of a Mexican, I skirted the edge of the lagoon for
specimens of eggs and photographs of the rookery, showing
the birds in all attitudes. They were usually quite tame
but seemed more afraid of me when in the boat than when
climbing over and through the mangroves, probably because
in the first instance I was more exposed to view. Several
birds were caught by hand and some others struck down with
an oar as they pitched from the nest to fly past. Upon the

262 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

water they beat their wings helplessly and were with great
difficulty able to rise. In a few cases a bird would miss
getting on the wing by coming in contact with another and
fall helplessly amongst the branches from which they were
scarcely able to extricate themselves. They seemed be-
wildered by my presence, and did not attempt any resist-
ance. Those which were taken alive were not given an
opportunity to use their beaks if they had been so disposed.

There was a strong wind blowing at the time I first visited
the rookery, and standing twenty to thirty yards to wind-
ward, I had a magnificent view of the birds as they rose
from the mangroves and nests. Those on the wing poising
themselves upon the breeze, now rising and falling and
sweeping in and out of the crowded flock, not clamorous as
I expected, but surprisingly quiet, for although hundreds
were on the wing, not half the number in sight, they were
not what I should call noisy, even for sea-birds. They were
not filthy like some sea-birds when on the wing, so that I
escaped almost unmarked from their excrement. When
standing to leeward, a hundred yards from the rookery a
smell of guano was very noticeable, which became stronger
in April, by which time many of the nests that had not been
molested, contained young. The report of a gun in the
vicinit}^ would start hundreds more upon the wing, but I
believe not those which were sitting. At the same time
there would be a louder outery lasting but a short time.
The most noticeable sound and the loudest was from those
birds which I supposed were sitting; it resembled some-
what the squawking of a chicken when caught, but more
guttural. Another sound was a clear rattle like the clacking
of hard wood " bones; " it is made by the quick snapping of
the bill. A third note was a prolonged guttural squawk or
croak.

The nest constructed by the frigate pelican is small,
many of them smaller than a medium sized dinner plate.

At a short distance from the rookery the nests were not

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 263

noticeable, probably because most of them were covered by
birds. They were composed of small sticks and branches,
and occasionally a bit of sea-weed or marsh weed laid any-
where on the mangrove branches that would bear the
required weight with that of the sitting bird. Nests which
had apparently been in use for more than one rearing werp
usually considerably thicker and some were heavily
incrusted with guano, making the surface so smooth that it
did not seem as though the egg would remain on if in the
least disturbed. A single egg is laid which is chalky white
in color, shaped much like eggs of the Laridce but perhaps
a trifle more pointed at the small end. The average meas-
urement of twenty specimens is 68.7 x 46.9, the largest and
smallest examples measure 73.5 x 47; 72.5 x 49; 64.5 x 46;
67 X 45 millimetres respectively.

Eggs were collected for food by the Mexicans during the
latter part of December, and owing to repeatedly taking
them, some were found February 13, 1888, which were in
different degrees of incubation, others were quite fresh. The
Mexicans had fresh eggs April 27 which they had recently
taken.

The first young were seen in the middle of February;
they had been hatched sometime earlier, for although some
were nearly naked, others had a full covering of snowy
down and the dark scapular pin feathers. They cling-
tightly to any object that touches their feet, and in this way
are probably enabled to keep upon the nest when agitated
by a high wind. A downy young which I took away alive
would not take food held to it, but had to be fed by crowd-
ing the food so far down its throat that it had to swallow it.
The little thing was very lielpless and kept up an almost
continual complaining from the time that it left the nest.

The food of this species as far as was observed, consisted
wholly of fish. Disgorged masses of fish were found upon
some of the nests, and upon the ground below I sometimes
saw small fish entire. Once a full grown bird, when I

264 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

approached rapidly in the skiff, went through several con-
tortions and retchings and disgorged a fish before flying. I
saw one of the adult females apparently feeding a male
which Avas on a nest; she hovered above him, while with
raised head and partly spread wings, he trembled like a
young pigeon when being fed, at the same time he made
the rattling sound previously mentioned, and seemed to be
taking regurgitated food. Observations on the persecution
of cormorants by man-o'-war birds have been given in the
notes on the cormorants.

Three distinct plumages of the full grown birds were
seen; the adult male and female and a few immature full
grown birds having the head entirely white. A comparison
of colors made in the field is here given, tiiey having been
noted at the time from fresh specimens compared with
Eidgway's " Nomenclature of Colors."

Adult male. — Iris, chestnut; feet and legs, black; gular
pouch in dead specimens, orange chrome; when inflated in
the living birds it appears brighter and more of a vermilion
color; bill, black.

Adult female. — Iris, chestnut; feet and legs, deep flesh
color; gular, heliotrope purple.

Immature. — Iris, chestnut; eyelids, gula and feet, pale
blue; feet coated with guano.

The gular pouch of the males is capable of great disten-
tion, appearing when full blown, like toy balloons. Some
were seen on the wing with inflated gular w^hich seemed
almost bright scarlet in color.

Mr. Belding notes this species abundant at the Cape
region; they certainly were in swarms at the rookery on
Santa Margarita Island. They were seen occasionally along
the estero, but more at the lagoon in lower Purisima canon.
At this place I saw some birds drop upon the water for a
moment in feeding, somewhat like a tern, the wings being kept

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORJ^IA. 265

raised. Dr. Palmer tells me that he saw many of them
about the southern end of San Pedro Martir Island.

37. Merganser serrator (Linu.)

Ked-breasted Merganser. —Tolerably common during
March in the long estero, and were also seen in April. Not
previously noted from Lower California, but Mr. Belding
tells me that he saw a number in San Quintin Bay in May,

1881, and shot one specimen.

38. Lophodytes cucullatus (Linn.)

Hooded Merganser. — Recorded by Mr. Xantus from San
Jose del Cabo in February, and by Mr. Belding from La
Paz.

39. Anas boschas Linn.

Mallard. — Noted from San Jose del Cabo in December
by Mr. Xantus, and from the Cape region and San Rafael
Valley by Mr. Belding, at the latter place, breeding.

40. Anas strepera Liuu.

Gadwall. — Found at San Jose del Cabo in December and
February by Mr. Xantus. At San Rafael Valley Mr. Beld-
ing saw several pairs.

41. Anas americana Gmel.

Baldpate. — On March 9, 1888, a flock of eiglit was seen
in the creek at Comondu; a few others were found at San
Juan, on the Gulf side near Loreto some days later, and
again met w^ith in 1889, at the water hole, San Raimundo.
Mr. Belding reported a flock of about a dozen from San Jose
del Cabo, May 17, 1882.

42. Anas carolinensis Gmel.

Green-winged Teal. — Observed by Messrs. Xantus and
Belding at the Cape region. Mr. Anthony observed it as
high as 9,000 feet altitude in Avinter.

43. Anas discors Liuu.

Blue-winged Teal. — At San Jose del Cabo Mr. Belding
found this species mated and common April 1 to May 17,

1882. Mr. Anthony saw a few at San Ramon in April.

266 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

44. Anas cyanoptera Vieill.

Cinnamon Teal. — A few were seen in Purisima canon and
one female shot from a mixed flock of ducks, April 5, 1889.
Mr. Belding found them mated at San Jose del Cabo, where
they were rare, April 1, and were there as late as May 17,
1882. Many pair were nesting at San Rafael Yalley.

45. Spatula clypeata (Linn.)

Shovellek. — Seen at Comondu and lower Purisima caiion
in April, 1889. Mr. Belding states that at San Jose del
Cabo they were mated April 1 to May 17, 1882. Several
were seen at San Kafael Valley by May 12.

46. Dafila acuta (Linn.)

Pintail. — A few individuals were noticed April 5, 1889,
at lower Purisima carton. Messrs. Xantus and Belding
found them at the Cape region in winter, and the latter
observed about a dozen, including both sexes, at San
Rafael Yalley, May 12.

47. Aythya americana (Eyt.)

Redhead. — An adult male was shot at La Paz, February
12, by Mr. Belding, who also saw a female at San Rafael,
May 12, and a male at Trinidad, May 14.

48. Aythya affinis (Eyt.)

Lesser Scaup Duck. — A number of small flocks were seen
on Magdalena Bay and some distance along the estero in
1888. Li 1889, I shot specimens at lower Purisima canon
and at a water hole, San Raimundo. Reported to be rare at
the Cape region by ^Cr. Belding, who shot several at San
Rafael, May 12. I observed a few on shallow inland water
at Ensenada, December, 1885.

49. Aythya collaris (Donov.)

Ring-necked Duck. — Given by Mr. Belding as rare at
the Cape region.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 267

50. Charitonetta albeola (Liun.)

BuFFLE-HEAD. — On April 5, 18Si), I shot a male at lower
Purisima canon. Mr. Anthony found it common at San
Quintin in winter.

51. Oidemia deglandi Bonap.

White-winged Scoter. — Noted from San Quintin Bay
in w^inter by Mr. Anthony.

52. Oidemia perspicillata (Linn.)

Surf Scoter. — Common at Enaenada. In swarms at San
Quintin Bay in winter, according to Mr. Anthony.

53. Erismatura rubida (Wiis.)

Buddy Duck. — Mr. Belding rates this species as very
common at and south of La Paz. Specimens were shot at
the water hole at San Raimundo, and I believe I saw^ them
also at lower Purisima caiion in April, 1889. Found nesting
at lat. 31° N. by Mr. x4.nthony.

54. Anser albifrons gambeli (HarU.)

American White-fronted Goose. — Recorded from Guad-
alupe Island by myself, and Mr. Belding tells me that a
hunter (Mr. Fisher) shot one out of a group of four at Los
Martires, between La Paz and San Jose del Cabo.

55. Branta canadensis hutchinsii (Sw. & Rich.)

HuTCHiNs's Goose. — A few were seen in San Eafael
Valley in the fall by Mr. Anthony.

56. Branta nigricans (Lawr.)

Black Brant. — Reported from San Quintin Bay in May,
1881, by Mr. Belding, and at Cerros Islands in January,
1885, by myself. Mr. Anthony says they swarm in San
Quintin Bay until May 15.

57. Dendrocygna fulva C^imeL)

Fulvous Tree-duck. — Reported numerous in autumn at
San Rafael, where Mr. Belding's companion, Mr. Walter
Morgan, shot several dozen.

268 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

58. Olor columbianus (Oid).

Whistling Swan. — Mr. Anthony mentions a swan sliot at
San Eafael which he supposes to be this species.

59. Guara alba (Linn.)

White Ibis. — From the Cape region, noted only by Mr.
Belding. They were tolerably common at Magdalena Bay,
associated in small flocks and making long flights in line
from one feeding ground to another. At Santa Margarita
Island and along the estero they were usually seen roosting
upon the mangroves. A few immature plumaged birds
were seen.

60. Plegadis guarauna (Linn.)

White-faced Glossy Ibis. — A flock was seen at San Jose
del Cabo in April and May by Mr. Belding.

61. Tantalus loculator Linn.

Wood Ibis. — A pair was seen at San Jose del Cabo in
April and May, 1882, by Mr. Belding, and were more com-
mon at La Paz in winter.

62. Botaurus lentie^inosus (Moutag.)

American Bittern. — "Cape Saint Lucas, November 4;
San Jos(^ del Cabo, November 29, 30." (Ridgway in list of
Xantus's birds.) Mr. Belding mentions it as moderately
common in winter south of lat. "24P 30^

63. Ardea herodias Linn.

Great Blue Heron.— Rare at Magdalena Bay . A single pale
specimen was taken on Santa Margarita Island. Mr. Belding
mentions it as rare at San Jose' del Cabo.

64. Ardea e^retta Gmel.

American Egret. — Tolerably common about Magdalena
Bay. Fed in small groups or singly along the beach. They
fly for a long distance from one feeding ground to another,
keeping but a short distance above the water. In April,
1888, they became more common in places along the estero
and were seen collected on the mangroves above the water.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 269

One night while naAdgating the estero, I saw a large flock
which may have been a nesting colony, but it was too dark
to investigate and by daylight they were far behind. The
coloi s of a fresh specimen shot at Magdalena Island, Febru-
ary 12, 1888, were: iris, canary yellow; lores and eyelids,
chrome yellow; ophthalmic region, light glaucous green; feet
and spots on heels, light chrome yellow.

This species also occurs at the Cape region. (Belding.)

65. Ardea candidissima OmeL

Snowy Heron. — Rare. Seen on a few occasions along the
estero and at San Juan, also at Comonda. Several seen at
San Jose del Cabo by Mr. Belding.

66. Ardea rufescens GmeL

Reddish Egket. — Earlier explorers have found this egret
at various places at the Cape region. They were tolerably
common at Santa Margarita Island, which was probably a
night roosting place for many amongst the mangroves. Ten
were seen in one flock on February 14, 1888. A female shot
that day contained twenty-eight fish, measuring from 25-90
millimetres in length; most of them were 65-75 millimetres
long.

67. Ardea tricolor ruficollis CGosse).

Louisiana Heron. — Observed from the Cape region only,
by Mr. Belding. In March, 1888, I saw two flying above
the mangrove tops of the estero. In March, 1889, a small
flock was seen flying from the lagoon on Santa Margarita
Island.

68. Ardea virescens frazari Brewst.

Frazar's Green Heron. —A few seen at Santa Margarita
Island and along the estero, also at Comondu. No speci-
mens were secured, but a skin in the collection of the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences from Magdalena Bay, is proba-
bly referable to this form. Noted from the Cape region by
Mr. Belding as the Green Heron, and specimens collected
later by Mr. Frazar.

270 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

69. Nycticorax nycticorax naevius (Bodd.)
Black-crowned Night Heron. ^A few were seen at Santa

Margarita Island in the month of February, 1888. Ob-
served at the Cape region by Messrs. Xantus and Belding.

70. Nycticorax violaceus (Linu.)

Yellow-crowned Night Heron. — Common about Magda-
lena Bay. Many night herons were nesting in April, 1888,
in a mangrove thicket bordering the long estero; they all
appeared to be of this species. When alarmed by the pass-
ing of the sail-boat, they left the bushes and collected along
the water's edge, where I counted eighty. Mr. Belding
gives this species as occurring at the Cape region.

71. Grus mexicana cMiill.)

Sandhill Crane. — Mr. Belding has seen them in Tia
Juana Valley in winter and spring.

72. Eallus beldingi Eidgw.

Belding's Bail.— Found by Mr. Belding upon Espiritu
Santo Island, and at La Paz. Bails were heard in mangrove
swamp on Santa Margarita Island, Magdalena Island, and
for one hundred and twenty miles up the estero. They
were clapper rails, but whether R. beldingi I cannot say.

73. Rallus obsoletus Ridgw.

California Clapper Rail. — Found at San Quintin Bay
by Mr. Belding, also by Mr. Anthony, who mentions it as a
common resident of all salt marshes.

74. Rallus virginianus Linn.

Virginia Bail. — I believe this rail has not been previous-
ly recorded from Lower California, although occurring at
San Diego and in Mexico. Mr. Anthony has taken it at San
Quintin in winter.

75. Porzana Carolina (Linn.)

SoRA. — Barely seen in the vicinity of La Paz by Mr. Beld-
ing, but found in a marsh at San Jose del Cabo April and
May. Mr. Anthony has occasionally seen them in spring
along the coast north of lat. 31°

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 271

76. Fulica americana Gmel.

American Coot. — Observed at the Cape region bj Messrs.
Xantus and Belding. Mr. Anthony found them very abund-
ant all winter in the northern portion of the peninsula, and
breeding where fresh water was in sufficient quantity. He
found a pair nesting on San Pedro Martir in May, at an al-
titude of 8,200 feet. In 1888 I saw one at Comondu in com-
pany with ducks; a few more were found at San Juan, and
in April, 1889, at lower Purisima canon, where they were
probably breeding.

77. Crymophilus fulicarius (Linn.)

Red Phalarope. — From the steamer I have occasionally
seen small flocks of phalaropes upon the water off the coast
of Lower California. Mr. Anthony has noticed large flocks
far out at sea from the last of July until the first of Novem-
ber, and assigns them to this species. Mr. Belding tells me
that he shot two in La Paz Bay.

78. Phalaropus lobatus (Linn.)

Northern Phalarope. — Mr. Belding secured three speci-
mens at San Rafael, May 16.

79. Phalaropus tricolor (Vieill.)

Wilson's Phalarope. — Mr. Belding obtained one speci-
men at San Jos^ del Cabo, where it was rare.

80. Recurvirostra americana GmeL

American Ayocet. — Has been reported as not common
from near La Paz by Mr. Belding.

81. Himantopus mexicanus (Miill )

Black-necked Stilt. — Mr. Belding found the stilt un-
common near La Paz. Mr. Anthony has seen them during
migrations abont fresh water on the northwestern part of
the peninsula.

82. Gallinago delicata (Ord).

Wilson's Snipe. — Mr. Belding found them rare in the
vicinity of La Paz, and Mr. Xantus at San Jose del Cabo,

272 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

November 23; Mr. Anthony in the region embraced in his
explorations (San Fernando to Ensenada). I saw a few at
Comondu in March and April, 1888.

83. Macrorhamphus scolopaceus (Say).

Long-billed Dowitcher. — Noted by Mr. Anthony from
northwestern coast region. They were common at Magda-
lena Bay, where small flocks associated with willet and god-
wit; they were more plentiful along the estero on mud flats.
A male which was collected March 7, 1888, had commenced
to assume the summer plumage.

84. Tringa minutilla VieilL

Least Sandpiper. — Kecorded from Todos Santos (west
coast) by Mr. Ridgway in list of specimens collected by
Mr. Xantus. Mr. Anthony noticed them at San Quintin
Bay. At Magdalena Bay they were seen in small flocks and
specimens taken; also at lower Purisima canon.

85. Tringa alpina pacifica (Coues).

Red-backed Sandpiper. — I am not sure that I saw any of
this species at Magdalena Bay, and it does not appear on
the lists of either Messrs. Xantus or Belding from the Cape
region; the latter, however, mentions it as abundant at San
Quintin Bay, May 2, 1882, but rare by May 10.

86. Ereunetes occidentalis La vr.

Western Sandpiper. — Recorded from the Cape region by
Mr. Belding, and at San Quintin Bay where it was abundant
May 2, 1882, but rare by May 10, and on the northwestern
coast Mr. Anthony has found them. At Magdalena Bay I
saw a few in a flock of T. minutilla.

87. Calidris arenaria (Linn.)

Sanderling — One of the thirty-four species collected at
the Cape region only by Mr. Xantus. Mr. Anthony found
them very abundant all winter at San Quintin Bay. In
January, 1885, I collected specimens on the south end of
Cerros Islands, and obtained a single bird on Santa Mar-
garita Island March 4, 1889, from a flock of ^gialitis nivosa.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 273

88. Limosa fedoa (Linn.;

Marbled Godwit. — Mr. Anthony considers tliem very
abundant in winter and a few were even seen all summer.
Large flocks of godwit were met with in the estero northward
from Magdalena Bay as late of April 21, 1888. One evening
a flock numbering towards one hundred had huddled on a
strip of sand at the edge of the mangroves preparatory to
spending the night, but were frightened away by the boat.

89. Limosa lapponica baueri (Naum.)

Pacific Godwit. — Found at La Paz by Mr. Belding.

90. Totanus melanoleucus (Cimel.)

Greater Yellow-legs. — Mr. Belding found this species
very common in winter north of La Paz. They were toler-
ably common along the estero and some were seen about
fresh water at Comondu and San Pedro.

91. Symphemia semipalmata inornata Brewst.

Western Willet. — Mr. Belding mentions the wallet as
very common in winter from near La Paz. At San Quentin
Bay Mr. Anthony noted them as abundant in winter, and a
few were seen throughout the summer. At Magdalena Bay
I last saw them on April 27, 1888.

92. Heteractitis incanus (Gmel.)

Wandering Tattler. — On Cerros Island Mr. Belding
saw them on several occasions. This is the only locality
wdiere I have found them, and in January, 1885, I obtained
two specimens there.

93. Actitis macuiaria (Linn )

Spotted Sandpiper. — Occurs at the Cape region and
Magdalena Bay and at Ensenada. Mr. Anthony has seen
it in the fall, and Mr. Belding May 12, at San Eafael.

94. Numenius longirostris wiis.

Long-billed Curlew.— Given in Mr. Belding' s list from
the Cape region. I found them rare at Magdalena Bay and

2d Ser., Vol. H. ( 19 ) December 41, 1889.

274 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

adjoining waters. Mr. Anthony says they are very abund-
ant along the coast in winter, and fairly swarming at San
Quintin Bay. On the sand beach a few miles south of San
Qnintin, I shot a solitary bird, May, 1889.

95. Numenius hudsonicus Lath.

HuDsoNiAN Curlew. — Noted from the Cape region by Mr.
Belding, and San Quintin Bay by Mr. Anthony. They were
common at Magdalena Bay, often mingling with flocks of
godwit and willet.

96. Charadrius squatarola (Linn.)

Black-bellied Plovee.— Mr. Belding found them at the
Cape region, and both he and Mr. Anthony note them from
San Quintin Bay, the former having seen then as late as
May 10. On Santa Margarita Island I found them in small
flocks in March, 1889.

97. -ffigialitis vocifera (Linn.)

KiLLDEER. — Common in many localities of the Cape region
according to Mr. Belding. Taken at Cape Saint Lucas by
Mr. Xantus, October 20 to November 22. On April 21,
1888, I shot a pair at Comondu, and did not see any others
that year; in 1889 they were found at every favorable water-
ing place from Comondu to San Quintin. Mr. Anthony has
found them common everywhere that he has collected. In
May, 1889, he saw them on San Pedro Martir at an altitude
of 9,000 feet.

98. .ffigialitis semipalmata Bonap.

Semipalmated Plover. — Mr. Belding notes this species
as moderately common near La Paz. At San Quintin Bay
Mr. Anthony found them common on both sand beaches of
the ocean and mud flats of the Bay. A flock of seven was
seen at Magdalena Bay, March 12, 1889, and two males
secured.

99. .ffigialitis nivosa Cass.

Snowy Plover. — At the Cape region it has been noted
only by Mr. Belding, and at San Quintin Bay by Messrs.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 275

Belding and Anthony; the former found the species also at
Santa Rosalia Bay. On the ocean side of Santa Margarita
Island they were common March, 1889. They are birds of
sand beaches rather than of mud Hats.

100. JEgialitis wilsonia (Ord).

Wilson's Plover. — Mr. Belding gives this bird as very
common, in his list from the Cape region.

101. JEgialitis montana (Towns.)

Mountain Plover. — Observations upon this species from
Lower California were furnished me by Mr. Anthony who
met with a large flock on the open plains above San Telmo
(altitude 800 ft.), in the winter of 1888-89. Mr. Belding has
often met with them in winter at Tia Juana.

102. Arenaria interpres (Liun.)

Turnstone. — No turnstones have yet been reported from the
Cape region. Mr. Anthony took this species in April at San
Ysidro, and says it is not uncommon on all rocky beaches. I
found small flocks on Magdalena Island in February and
March, 1888, and Santa Margarita Island March 6, 1889.

103. Arenaria melanocephala (Vig.)

Black Turnstone. — Mr. Anthony saw black turnstones
on San Martin Island in April. The only ones that I have
found were mingled witli a flock of A. interiyres and Cliara-
drius squatarola at Santa Margarita Island, March, 1889.
This being probably the soathermost limit from which
specimens have been obtained.

104. Haematopus frazari Brewst.

Frazar's Oyster-catcher. — k: single specimen was taken
on Los Coronados Islands, May 17, 1881, by Mr. Belding,
who also saw it at San Quintin Bay, Cerros Island and La
Paz. Has been seen on the coast in winter and summer
north of lat. 30° by Mr. Anthony.

I found this oyster-catcher tolerably common at Mag-
dalena Bay and northward, and on Santa Margarita Island.

276 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

They were mated in January. They were rather shy, run-
ning rapidly on the beach, and if approached, taking wing
with loud, clear, whistling notes, and after flying some
distance, alighting again at the water's edge. Their food
was chiefly small bivalves found in the gravelly beach. Two
birds were obtained, of one fragments only were saved.

105. Hgematopus bachmani Aud.

Black Oyster-catcher. — A few were seen on Los Coro-
nados Islands by Mr. Belding, also at San Quintin Bay and
La Paz. Mr. Anthony has found them more common on the
northwest coast than the preceding species.

106. Oreortyx pictus plumiferus (Gould).

Plumed Partridge. — ' ' Not at present a bird of Cape St.
Lucas." (Belding). This is one of the species collected at
the Cape region by Mr. Xantus. I neither heard nor saw this
partridge in Lower California. Mr. Anthony has collected
Oreortyx on San Pedro Martir which he describes as a new
subspecies. Mr. Belding found them common between
Campo (San Diego county) and Hansen's; a male which he
shot near Campo, was identified by Mr. Eidgway as 0. p.
IDlumiferus. Mr. Belding says he doubts if it was ever
collected in the Cape region.

107. Oreortyx pictus confinis Anthony.

San Pedro Partridge. — Kanges from an altitude of 1,000
feet in winter to the pines on the top of San Pedro Martir,
nesting from 2,500 to 9,000 feet altitude.

108. Callipepla californica vallicola Eidgw.

Valley Partridge. — According to Mr. Belding they are
common at the Cape region. At Pichalinque Bay he shot
a young bird as early as January 25, and found it moder-
ately common at San Quintin. Mr. Anthony has met with
large flocks on San Pedro Martir at an altitude of 8,200 feet.
At the times of my travels in the peninsula, the birds were
mated, and hence fewer were seen. At Calmalli a nest

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 277

containing thirteen eggs was found by a miner on April 13,

1889.

109. Callipepla gambeli (Nuttall).

Gamble's Partridge. — A few pairs with small young were
seen on the western side of the peninsula, about lat. 30-^ N.

110. Columba fasciata vioscae Brewst.

Viosca's Pigeo.v. — At Cape St. Lucas and Mirafiores Mr.
Xantus found this pigeon in November. Mr. Belding ob-
serves that in the Victoria Mountains it was abundant;
nests were found in February in oak trees. I did not meet
with it at any of the localities which I visited.

111. Zenaidura macroura (Linn.)

Mourning Dove. — An abundant species at the Cape re-
gion in winter. In March, 1888, I found them common on
the peninsula, but less so in April. They flocked to water
in company with Melopelia leucoptera, morning and evening.
A nest with two fresh eggs was found at Comondu April 15,
1888, built in a mesquite tree six feet from the ground. Mr.
Anthony has seen this dove duriug spring and fall from the
coast to an altitude of 8,200 feet at La Grulla, but not very
common anywhere.

112. Melopelia leucoptera (Linn.)

White-winged Dove. — Mr. Belding records this species as
abundant at the Cape region and in tlie Victoria Mountains.
Mr. Anthony found them rather common at San Fernando.
In 1888 they were abundant, particularly during March, in
the latitude of Comondu. The first ones noticed were at
the stock-ranch at Soledad, on February 3, 1888,w4ien three
were seen. Hundreds came to^ a water-hole on the route
from San Jorge to Comondu, w^here I camped one night in
March. After sundown the flight commenced, and contin-
ued till quite dusk; after drinking, they left to roost in the
vicinity, and returned early the next morning to water be-
fore going to feeding grounds. A nest with two eggs was
found at Comondu March 10, 1888; it was built upon the

278 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

small outer branches of bushes bordering the water-course.
The nest was similar to that of the mourning dove.

113. Columbi^allina passerina pallescens (Baird).

Mexican Ground Dove. — Messrs. Xantus and Belding
found the ground dove abundant at the Cape region. It
was not common at any place that I visited; perhaps more
were seen about Comondu. The only one seen on Santa
Margarita Island was taken January 26, 1888, when it came
to a tank for water.

114 Pseudogryphus californianus (Shaw).

California Vulture. — Mr. Anthony is the only one who
has reported this species from the peninsula; he has ob-
served them at several places, from the sea level to an alti-
tude of 11,000 feet. From the fact of their primary and
secondary quills being prized by Mexican and Indian gold
miners for use in carrying gold dust, an opportunity to kill
a vulture is never allowed to pass unimproved.

115. Cathartes aura (Linu.)

Turkey Vulture. — Eeported by all observers to be
abundant. They were common on Magdalena Island, fre-
quenting the beach where cattle and turtles were slaugh-
tered. On Santa Margarita Island I counted twenty, early
one morning, perched on the tops of the giant cacti. The
offal from a turtle killed at midday attracted fourteen buz-
zards in less than three hours. During an exceedingly hot
day I saw a number of them gathered about a water-hole
at Pozo Grande. Mr. Anthony says that they range in sum-
mer from sea-level to an altitude of 11,000 feet, but are con-
fined to the sea-coast and lower hills in winter.

116. Elanus leucurus (VieilL)

White-tailed Kite. — Seen on several occasions by Mr.
Anthony along the coast near Cape Colnett in late fall.

117. Circus hudsonius (Linn.)

Marsh Hawk. — According to Mr. Belding it is common
in the Cape re.^ion, nnd was occasionally seen on his route

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 279

from Tia Juana to San Pedro Mavtir. Mr. Anthony found
them abundant along the coast and in open country, nesting
at Cape Colnett and San Ramon. They were not seen at an
altitude greater than about 2,500 feet. In Febraar}^, 1888,
I saw two on Magdalena Island and an immature specimen
was seen at lower Purisima caiion April 5, 1889.

118. Accipiter velox (Wils.)

Sharp-shinned Hawk. — Mr. Belding says it is rare at the
Cape region. Mr. Anthony gives it as resident of the region
north of San Fernando, ranging as high as 4,000 feet alti-
tude, and adds that this species, as well as A. cooperi, is very
destructive to quail. At San Juan, in March, 1888, I saw
one in pursuit of a small bird. One was seen on Santa
Margarita Island March 1, 1889.

119. Accipiter cooperi (Bonap.)

Cooper's Hawk. — Mr. Xantus collected this hawk at Cape
St. Lucas in October. Mr. Belding found it rare in the
vicinity of La Paz. Mr. Anthony found it comoion as high
as 4,000 feet altitude until late in the spring, and thinks he
has not seen it after the last of May.

120. Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (Aud.)

Harris's Hawk. — Mr. Belding records it as common at
the Cape region where he frequently met with it in May
along the route from San Jose del Cabo to Miraflores. He
also found it within forty miles of San Diego, and shot a
specimen May 10, 1885. I first saw one at San Jorge, and
again near San Juan where a pair had built in a giant cac-
tus (Cereus). They were more often seen than red- tailed
hawks. On April 6, 1889, I found a nest at San Gregorio
built on the top of a bush (Atamisqitea emarginata) . The
nest was rather flat, composed of sticks and lined with grass
and '' orcMlla." It measured about two feet in diameter.
One of the birds was sitting and flew, when, standing on my
saddle, I raised my head to the height of the nest. Two eggs
were secured, one of them quite fresh, the other with a

280 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

small embryo. The contents of the fresh one I ate, after
frying it with a bit of tallow. It tasted somewhat like the
eggs of sea-birds. One of the eggs is white, the other, pale
greenish white, they measure 57x46; 57x45 millimetres.

121. Buteo borealis calurus (Cass.)

Westeen Ked-tail. — Collected at the Cape region by Mr.
Belding, where he found it common. Mr. Anthony says it
is common on the peninsula north of El Bosario. In Jan-
uary and February, 1888, I saw them sailing above Santa
Margarita Island. At Ubi, May 9, 1889, I saw two birds;
others were seen at San Fernando. Two specimens collected
on the peninsula are rather pale in color, and each has a
narrow subterminal black band on the tail, consequently
cannot be referred to B. h. lucasanus.

122. Buteo borealis lucasanus Ridgw.
St. Lucas Eed-tail.

123. Buteo lineatus elegans (Cass.)

Eed-bellied Hawk. — Mr. Belding found a pair nesting at
San Rafael. Mr. Anthony has sent me the following re-
garding the species: ''Rather common along the coast
and in the first ranges of low hills from Ensenada to El
Rosario. A nest found near San Quintin, in May, contained
three eggs well incubated. The nest was about 12 feet
from the ground, in a sumac, rather compactly built of
twigs and sticks, and lined with dry leaves. Not seen
above 2,500 feet."

124. Buteo abbreviatus Caban.

Zone-tailed Hawk. — At the Cape region it has been noted
only by Mr. Belding, who says it is very rare. Mr. Anthony
found a pair nesting, April 24, in tlie top of a tall pine on
San Pedro Martir, at 7,500 feet elevation.

125. Buteo swainsoni Bonap.

Swainson's Hawk. — Mr. Anthony says it is common from
the coast to 4,500 feet altitude, and nests wherever trees

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 281

furnish suitable shelter. Mr. Belding shot a specimen at
Las Palmas on May 10.

126. Aquila chrysaetos (Linn.)

Golden Eagle. — Mr. xlnthony has found this eagle r;ire
in the San Pedro Martir region; it ranges from the coast
to an altitude of 11,000 feet.

127. Haliseetus leucocephalus (Linn.)

Bald Eagle. — I have seen but three individuals in Lower
California: the first was an adult bird, flying above the
estero, March 4, 1888. At the mouth of an arroyo, on the
bay side of Santa Margarita Island, I found a nest in a giant
cactus, March 6, 1889, which at that time I supposed con-
tained small young. Both birds were about, one of them
occasionally alighting on the edge of the nest.

128. Falco mexicanus Schleg.

Prairie Falcon. — Mr. Xantus found this species at Mira-
flores, San Jose del Cabo and Cape St. Lucas. At San
Esteban I found a pair nesting in a high clitf, April 18, 1889.
Seen on two or three occasions on Guadalupe Island, in
1886, and a pair was seen about a cliff at Comondu in 1888.
A single bird was noticed on Santa Margarita Island, March
2, 1889.

129. Falco peregrinus anatum (Bonap.)

Duck Hawk. — Found nesting in the cliffs along the coast
at several places from San Carlos landing to San Quintin by
Mr. Anthony, who says they are more common in winter,

130. Falco columbarius Linn.

Pigeon Hawk. — A. specimen was taken at La Paz in Jan-
uary, 1883, by Dr. H. Ten Kate.

131. Falco sparverius Liuu.

American Sparrow Hawk. — Kecorded from the Cape
region by Messrs. Xantus and Belding. Mr, Anthony found
them common in summer along the base of San Pedro Mar-
tir, ranging in May to 9,000 feet altitude, and only seen on

282 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

the coast during winter. I found them on Santa Margarita
Island, Magdalena Island, Guadalupe Island, and several
places on the peninsula.

132. Polyborus cheriway (Jacq.)

Audubon's Caracara, — Mr. Belding notes this species as
common at the Cape region; at Cape St. Lucas they were
abundant April 1 to May 17. I found them occasionally on
Santa Margarita Island and coastwise on the peninsula, but
they are not often seen north of latitude 26^; two were said
to have hung around a beach camp at Santo Domingo, on
San Sebastian Viscaino Bay, north of lat. 28°. At Mag-
dalena Bay settlement I saw more than elsewhere; at that
place they were even more filthy in habits than the buzzards,
resorting to an arroyo back of the village, where they
scratched over excrement for food, getting their feet and
bills smeared so that only those in good plumage were con-
sidered fit for specimens.

133. Polyborus lutosus Eidgw.

Guadalupe Caracara. — Observations on this insular
species were published in Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. II, pp.
281-284. So effective has been the work of extermination
carried on against this bird that Dr. Edward Palmer who
first discovered them in 1875, says that he visited the island
this year (1889) and did not see a single individual. He
tells me that when he landed, fourteen years ago, the
'^ qiielelis," as they are known there, were so numerous and
bold that men were obliged to stand over the angora goats
with sticks to protect them from attack, particularly the
kids, which were not defended by their mothers. The short-
haired kind will drive off the birds, so Dr. Palmer says,
from his observation. Now that man has abandoned the
island I cherish the hope that a pair at least may still be
living, and that some future explorer may succeed in find-
in<;- the unknown eggs, and give us an account of the nest-
ing habits of this peculiar insular species.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 283

134. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (OmeL)

American Osprey. — Common at the Cape region, accord-
ing to Mr. Belding. Mr. Anthony considers them abund-
ant on all of the coast islands, and of less common occurrence
along the coast, On San Martin Island he found fullj-
fledged young, flying by April 12, while nests one hundred
feet away contained young, just hatched, or fresh eggs.

On Cerros Island fish-hawks were common, but quite shy.
Nests were seen on the edge of the bluff above the beach.
They were common on parts of Santa Margarita Island.
They were mated when I first went to the island in January,
and were seen carr3dng material to their nests in the giant
cacti. I counted a dozen nests, January 19, 1888, upon five
of which were one or two birds. I saw one of the fish-hawks
chase a caracara eagle away from the neighborhood of her
nest. The eagle was not struck, but closely followed by
the osprey, which was trying to strike him. The osprey
easily outflew the caracara.

Nests upon which the birds were seen January 19, 1888,
were without eggs on February 18. Two fresh eggs were
taken January 25, and a single incubated egg found in the-
same nest, February 18, undoubtedly the last of a set of
three. The lining of the nests was invariably of coarse sea-
weed. At two of the nests inspected were found the
weather-beaten remains of man -o'- war birds.

135. Strix pratincola Bonap.

American Barn Owl. — Given by Mr. Xantus from San
Jose del Cabo, in December and January, and at Caduana,
November 25. In the night of March 15, 1889, I heard the
scream of a barn owl as he flew overhead at Magdalena.
They were again heard at various places along the route
towards San Quintin. Mr. x4.nthony says they are common
in the northwestern part of the territory, up to an altitude
of 3,500 feet, inhabiting old mines.

136. Asio wilsonianus (Less.)

American Long-eared Owl. — Seen occasionally by Mr.
Belding betweei] Tia Juana and San Pedro Martir.

284 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

137. Asio accipitrinus (Pall.)

Short-eared Owl. — Obtained only by Mr. Xantus at
the Cape region (Miraflores, November 25). Mr. Anthony
has found them along the coast region, north of San Fer-
nando, in winter, and has frequently flushed them in scat-
tered companies of six to ten, from the salt grass about the
bays. He has not seen them above 800 feet elevation.

138. Syrnium occidentale Xantus.

Spotted Owl. — " One seen in a deep brushy caiion in
July near the base of San Pedro Martir, elevation 3,000
feet." (Anthony.)

139. Megascops asio trichopsis (Wagl.)

Mexican Screech Owl. — Mr. Xantus collected two young
owls at Cape Saint Lucas, supposed to be this variety. Mr.
Belding heard the tremulous notes of a screech owl at
several places at the Cape region. My experience has been
the same; they were heard at the dry camp, Cardon Grande,
and at El Rancho Yiejo, but no specimens taken; hence it is
impossible to say to what race they belong. Mr. Anthony
has seen a screech owl on several occasions between Valla-
dares and the coast, but has not secured any specimens yet;
it may be 31. a. hendirei.

140. Bubo virginianus subarcticus (Hoy).

Western Horned Owl. — The specimens collected at the
Cape region by Mr. Xantus were referred to B. virginianus
by Prof. Baird. Mr. Belding found the w^estern horned owl
in the Victoria mountains of the Cape region. Mr. Anthony
met with them among the pines on San Pedro Martir at
2,500 to 10,000 feet elevation. On the peninsula opposite
Magdalena Island, I found in a giant cactus a bulky nest of
sticks upon which could be seen two young. At Comondu,
an owl of this genus was several times seen at the openin-j,-
of a small cave high up in the cliff. Daring the night spent
at the water hole at Ubi, Mav 9, 1889, 1 heard a horned owl
hooting. At Calmalli, I picked up a single feather in the
trail which had come from the flanks of a horned owl,

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 285

141. Speotyto cunicularia hypogsea (Bonap.)

Burrowing Owl. — Eecorded from the Cape region only
by Mr. Balding, who mentions it as rare. Mr. Anthony found
a few at San Quintin, and has not seen it above 800 feet
altitude. On Santa Margarita Island, I shot a female
March 1, 1889. Mr. T. S. Brandegee, the botanist, saw one
or two on Magdalena Island. One was seen by me on Cer-
ros Island in January, 1885, and the next year a pair, the
only ones found, w^as taken on Guadalupe Island.

142. Glaucidium hoskinsii Brewst.

Hoskin's Pygmy Owl. — Type specimen from Sierra de la
Laguna.by Mr. Frazar. I shot a male at Comondu, March
22, 1889. "

143. Micropallas whitneyi (Cooper).

Elf Owl. — In the Victoria Mountains Mr. Belding often
heard this owl but did not succeed in obtaining any speci-
mens, but collected four at Miraflores in April, 1882.

144. Crotophaga sulcirostris Swains.

Groove-billed Ani. — Mr. Belding saw^ four individuals
at San Jose del Cabo and collected a nest containing eight
eggs April 29, 1882. He also found it among tules at Santi-
ago and at San Pedro on the western coast near Todos
Santos.

145. Geococcyx californianus (Less.)

EoAD-RUNNER. — A common species at the Cape region ac-
cording to Messrs. Xantus and Belding. On the northwest
coast Mr. Anthony has found them from the coast to well
into the pines on San Pedro Martir at an altitude of 7,000
feet. In 1888, I saw but one individual w^hile crossing the
peninsula from the Ocean to the Gulf in the latitude of
Comondu. The abundance of lizards and other suitable
food would seem to indicate an especially favorable region
for them, but water is very scarce during most years. They
were rarely seen along the route from Comondu to San
Quintin. A specimen was shot the day before arriving at
Calmalii.

286 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

146. Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Ridgw.

California Cuckoo. — Mr. Anthony has observed a cuckoo
at Eusenacla in August, which is probably referable to this
western race.

147. Ceryle alcyon (Linn.)

Belted Kingfisher. — Mr. Belding mentions it as com-
mon at the Cape region. About the bays of Ensenada and
San Quintin Mr. Anthony has found them in fall and win-
ter. I obtained specimens on Santa Margarita Island, and
frequently saw ihe birds farther north.

148. Dryobates villosus harrisii (Aud.)

Harris's Woodpecker. — Seen at Hansen's by Mr.- Beld-
ing, May 14, 1884. Found by Mr. Anthony on San Pedro
Martir, at altitudes from 7,000 to 10,000 feet.

149. Dryobates scalaris lucasanus (Xantus).

St. Lucas Woodpecker. — First observed by Mr. Xantus
at Cape St. Lucas, where he reports it as being very abund-
ant. Mr. Belding found it very common at the Cape region,
but rarely saw any in the Victoria Mountains. I first met
with this woodpecker on Santa Margarita Island, and after-
wards collected specimens as far north as lat. 28°.

150. Dryobates nuttallii (Gamb.)

Nuttall's Woodpecker. — In tlie northern part of the
territory Mr. Anthony has frequently seen it from the sea-
level to 3,500 feet elevation, in localities where trees are
found, and has seen them amongst the cacti of the coast
hills. Mr. Belding noted it at San Rafael and Ensenada in
1887.

151. Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis Baird,

Red-naped Sapsucker. — Obtained at La Laguiia (Cape re-
gion) by Mr. Belding, February 1, 1883.

152. Sphyrapicus ruber ^GmeL)

Red-breasted Sapsucker.— One or two seen in March near
Ensenada, by Mr. Anthony.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 287

153. Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi Ridgw.

Califoenia Woodpecker. — Observed at Hansen's b}^ Mr.
Belding, May 14, 1884. In the live oaks a few miles enst
of Ensenada Mr. Antliony found it not uncommon, and ob-
served what he supposes was this woodpecker on San Pedro
Martir, at an elevation of 9,500 feet.

154. Melanerpes formicivorus angustifrons Baird.
Nabeow-fronted Woodpecker. — Mr. Belding found it

common at Miraflores amongst the oaks, and more abun-
dant in the Yictoria Mountains. I did not meet with it on
the trip across the peninsula in 1888.

155. Melanerpes uropygialis (Baird).

Gila Woodpecker. — Considered by Messrs. Xantus and
Belding to be abundant at the Cape region. I found a few
on Santa Margarita Island, and met with them generally
along the overland route.

156. Colaptes cafer (Gmei.)

Ked-shafted Flicker. — Mr. Belding found it at San Ra-
fael, May 16, 1885, but it has since been noted by Mr.
Anthony as far south as San Pedro Martir, wdiere it
ranged from 7,000 to 10,000 feet altitude in summer, and
was evidently nesting; in winter it was found coastwise
under an elevation of 3,000 feet.

157. Colaptes chrysoides (Maih.)

Gilded Flicker. — .V common bird at the Cape region.
Mr. Anthony has not seen any north of El Rosario. I found
them rare on Santa Margarita Island, and very shy; they
were generally encountered along the overland route.

158. Colaptes rufipileus Ridgw.

Guadalupe Flicker. — An insular species peculiar to
Guadalupe Island.

159. Phalaenoptilus nuttalli californicus Ridgw.

California Poor-will. — Noted at several 23laces between
Tia Juana and San Pedro Martir by Mr. Belding, Mr.

288 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Anthony has met with it up to 8,000 feet altitude, and says
it winters in the low hills near the coast. Poor-wills were
heard every evening on the steep hillsides at Comondu,
and at various other localities. The only specimen secured,
a male, was taken at Pozo Grande, March 19, 1889. I fol-
lowed the bird some time before getting a shot, and each
time that it was frightened it flew about one hundred yards
and alighted on cactus about three feet high. The Mexi-
cans call them "tapa-camino'' when they see them in the
trail at dusk, but they also call the night-hawks by the same
name; at Comondu they were known as "cow-day,'' from
the almost perfect resemblance of their note to those words.
In Upper California the birds, which I have frequently
heard, utter the notes rapidly, and sounding '' poov-ioilV
clearly; in Lower California the sounds are given quite
slowly, and resemble the words "cow-day'' rather than
' ' poo7'-2vill .'

160. Chordeiles texensis Lawr.

Texan Nighthawk. — Messrs. Xantus, Belding and An-
thony have each noted this species from the regions which
they have visited. I found it at San Juan, on the gulf side,
and at San Jorge, on the west coast, and a few other local-
ities further north.

161 . Cypseloides niger (Gmel.)

Black Swift. — Small flocks migrating northward were
seen by Mr. Anthony, during May, at San Quintin, and at
San Carlos Landing (sixty miles farther south).

162. Chsetura vauxii (Towns.)

Vaux's Swift.— Seen by Mr. Belding in May, 1885, be-
tween San Rafael and San Pedro Martir.

163. Micropus melanoleucus (Baiid).

White-theoated Swift. — Seen at San Jose del Cabo by
Mr. Belding, and at San Ysidro (April), and San Fernando
(June) by Mr. Anthony. About the high cliffs forming
the eastern side of San Pedro Martir, he found a colony

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 289

dashing about at an altitude of 10,000 feet; thej doubtless
had nests in the cliffs, but none were found. The only
place on the peninsula where I saw this species was at San
Borgia, but the occurrence of a large flock on Guadalupe
Island has already been recorded.

164. Trochilus alexandri Bourc. & Mais.

Black-chinned Hummingbird. — Has been occasionally
seen along the northwestern coast by Mr. Anthony.

165. Trochilus costae (Bourc.)

Costa's Hummingbird. — Generally distributed over the
peninsula and often seen in very barren regions, as reported
by all observers. On Santa Margarita Island I found a
nest far from water January 17, 1888; it was on an almost
leafless branch, three feet high, and contained large young.
Many were seen on Cerros Island in January, 1885. Mr.
Belding found them tolerably common between Tia Juana
and San Pedro Martir. Mr. Anthony has noticed them as
high as 9,000 feet elevation.

166. Trochilus anna (Less )

Anna's Hummingbird. — Eeported by Mr. Anthony as
abundant about Valladares, but remaining in the vicinity of
water. He saw none above 3,500 feet altitude. The cap-
ture of three individuals on Guadalupe Island was recorded
by me in a previous paper. Mr. Belding and myself ob-
tained specimens on Cerros Island, and he found them com-
mon between Tia Juana and San Pedro Martir.

167. Trochilus rufus GmeL

Rufous Hummingbird. — Taken at San Quintin during mi-
gration by Mr. Anthony, who is not sure that T. alleni also
occurs, as none were collected.

168. Basilinna xantusi (Lawr.)

Xantus's Hummingbird. — At the Cape region Mr. Belding
found it only in mountain canons during the winter, but in

2d See., Vol. H. ( 20 ) December 31, 1889.

290 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

summer they scatter to orchards and gardens, where they
nest. I have found them only in mountainous couatrj^
where there was abundance of water, from Comondu as far
north as lat. 29°. None were seen on the islands.

169. Tyrannus verticalis Say.

Arkansas Kingbird. — One pair seen at San Quintin Bay
May, 1881, by Mr. Belding.

170. Tyrannus vociferans Swaius.

Cassin's Kingbird. — Kecorded from the Cape region and
Cerros Island by Mr. Belding. Mr. Anthony found it nest-
ing in live oaks and cottonwoods up to about 4,000 feet alti-
tude, and thinks he has seen none after the middle of No-
vember. I secured a specimen near Pozo Grande, and
occasionally saw them farther north.

171. Myiarchus cinerascens Lawr.

Ash-throated Flycatcher. — One of the most generally
distributed species found in Lower California. Mr. An-
thony says that along the northwestern coast he has found
them nesting in the dry flower-stalks of Agave.

172. Sayornis say a (Bonap.) .

Say's Phcebe. — From the Cape region and vicinity of San
Rafael, Mr. Belding says it is rare; he and myself found
them on Cerros Island. On Magdalena Island, February
23, 1889, I shot a very pale-plumaged male; the previous
year I saw them at several places on the peninsula. Mr.
Anthony has found the nests of this species in old mines
and tunnels at Valladares, frequentty at a depth of twenty
feet in a shaft. Mr. Belding saw it at Tia Juana and San
Rafael in the middle of May, 1885, in a mining shaft at the
latter place.

173. Sayornis nigricans (Swaius.)

Black Phcebe. — One specimen was collected by Mr.
Xantus at Cape St. Lucas, and Mr. Belding found it rare at
the Cape region and between Tia Juana and San Pedro

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 291

Martir. Thej were tolerably common at Comondu, and
were found in favorable localities as far as San Fernando,
where a pair Avere re-lining a nest May 19. 1889, from wliicli
the young had flown. At Comondu eggs were found March
13, and full-fledged young April 9, 1888.

174. Contopus borealis (Swains.)

Olke-sided Flycatcher. — Reported by Mr. Belding as a
migrant at Hansen's, May 14, 1884, and at Tia Juana the same
month. Mr. Anthony found them only on San Pedro Mar-
tir, from 7,000 to 11,000 feet elevation, and says they were
evidently nesting.

175. Contopus richardsonii (Swains.)

Western Wood Pewee. — Mr. Belding noted it from sev-
eral localities between Tia Juana and San Pedro Martir.
Mr. Anthony has seen a few individuals on San Pedro Mar-
tir below 7,000 feet. I collected a specimen at San Sebas-
tian, April 29, 1889.

176. Empidonax difficilis Baird.

Western Flycatcher. — Mr. Belding found this species
(possibly E. cineritius) rare at the Cape region, and secured
one specimen at Cerros Island. At Valladares Mr. Anthony
has noticed it during fall migration. Mr. Belding found
it tolerably common in wooded canons north of San Pedro
Martir in May, 1885.

177. Empidonax cineritius Brewst.

St. Lucas Flycatcher. — Mr. Frazar collected specimens
at La Laguna. I shot it at Comondu in April, 1888, and
Mr. Eidgway has identified it as E. cineritius. Seven other
specimens were obtained from Santa Margarita Island,
Comondu and San Benito. Mr. Anthony gives it from San
Pedro Martir up to 10,000 feet altitude.

178. Empidonax pusillus (Swains.)

Little Flycatcher. — Mr. Belding has found it at Tia
Juana in April and May, and at other places north of San
Pedro Martir.

292 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

179. Empidonax hammondi (Xantus).

Hammond's Flycatcher. — According to Mr. Belcling, who
found it at Tia Jnana in April, it is a rare migrant.

180. Empidonax obscurus (Swains.)

Wright's Flycatcher. — Messrs. Xantus and Belding
record it as common in winter at the Cape region; the
latter says it is more rare in summer. At Tia Juana he
found it in April and May.

181. Empidonax griseus Brewst.

Gray Flycatcher. — Obtained at La Paz, Triumfo and San
Jos^ del Cabo by Mr. Frazar. On Santa Margarita Island
I collected it in February, 1888, and in March I shot one
at Comondu which is identical except for a narrower bill.

182. Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus (^cL)

Vermilion Flycatcher. —Mr. Belding secured a single
specimen at the Cape region, and says they are moderately
common there. I met with it only in the latitude of Com-
ondu, usually in cultivated gardens.

183. Otocoris alpestris chrysolsema (WagL)

Mexican Horned Lark. — A small flock seen at Santa
Kosalia Bay by Mr. Belding was referred to this form, but
a specimen of his collecting has since been made the type
of 0. a. Tuhea. I obtained a small series at Magdalena
Island, and met with it on Santa Margarita Island and the
peninsula northward.

184. Otocoris alpestris rubea Hensb.

Buddy Horned Lark. — At San Kafael, Mr. Belding
found it common, also at a few other localities. He does
not consider the San Eafael or even San Diego Otocoris a
good example of 0. a. rubea. In the northwestern region
it is found breeding, according to Mr. Anthony, from sea
level to an altitude of 11,000 feet. I secured a male May
22, 1889, a few miles south of San Quintin.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 293

185. Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis Ri^lgw .

Blue-fronted Jay. — Found only by Mr. Belcling in the
northern part of the peninsula at Valle Palmas, Vallecitas
and Guadalupe canon in May, 1885. It was not found in
tlie pine region about Hansen's.

186. Aphelocoma californica (Vig.)

California Jay. — Common about Eiisenada and to the
eastward, according to Mr. Anthony.

187. Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca Ridgw.

Xantus's Jay. — The jays found by Messrs. Xantus and
Belding at the Cape region, and recorded as californica,
would now be regarded as belonging to this race. I saw a
few among the mangroves of Magdalena Island, and along
the mangrove-bordered estero to San Jorge, and northward
as far as lat. 28^.

188. Aphelocoma californica obscura Anthony.

Belding's Jay. — Known only from San Pedro Martir,
where Mr. Anthony collected his type specimens.

189. Corvus corax sinuatus (Wagi.)

American Raven. — Mr. Belding found it common at the
Cape region, from where they extend through the entire
peninsula and shore islands. At Comondu, Mr. T. S.
Brandegee found a nest containing unHedged young in a
cliff, March 21, 1889. The Mexicans said they carried away
young chickens from close to the houses,

190. Corvus americanus Aud.

American Crow. — " Common in some localities near the
boundary, in winter and late spring." (Belding in litt.)

191. Picicorvus columbianus (Wiis.)

Clarke's Nutcracker. — Mr. Anthony has noted the occur-
rence of two individuals at La Gralla.

192. Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus (Wied.)

PiNON Jay. — In the pihons between Campo and Hansen's
Mr. Belding found them abundant, May, 1884. Mr.

294 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Anthony found it abundant on San Pedro Martir, at 7,000
to 11,000 feet altitude.

193. Molothrus ater obscurus (Gmel.)

DwAKF CowBiRD. — Mr. Belding found it common in the
streets of San Jose del Cabo, associated with Brewer's
blackbird, April 1 to May 17, but Avas rarely seen during
the latter month. Mr. Anthony several times saw what he
supposes was this cowbird at San Quintin.

194. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonap.)
Yellow-headed Blackbird. — Mr. Anthony informs me

that it is very common along the coast during migrations.
At San Jose del Cabo it has been noted by Mr. Belding.

195. Agelaius phoeniceus (Linu.)

Ked-winged Blackbird. — Mr. Belding notes it as rare
at San Jose del Cabo. Mr. Anthony has observed them
along the northwest coast.

196. Agelaius gubernator (WagL)

Bicolored Blackbird. — First met with at El Kosario
where they were nesting in a fresh water swamp.

197. Agelaius tricolor (Nutt.)

Tricolored Blackbird. — "Bather common along the
northwest coast, breeding in all fresh water marshes."
(Anthony.) At San Kafael Yalley Mr. Belding found a
large colony nesting in tules. May, 1885.

198. Sturnella magna neglecta (Aud.)

Western Meadowlark. — In the vicinity of La Paz and
San Jose del Cabo, Mr. Belding reports it as rare. He also
saw one or two on Cerros Island, and a few near San Ra-
fael. The single bird which I failed to collect on Guada-
lupe Island has been recorded. Upon a narrow strip of
sand-hills between the estero and the ocean, about seventy
miles from Magdalena Island, I heard larks singing; and
with the exception of one taken near Pozo Grande, they

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 295

were not found elsewhere until within a few days' travel of
San Quintin.

199. Icterus parisorum Bonnp.

Scott's Oriole. — Found by Messrs. Xantus and Belding
at the Cape region. By Mr. Anthony it is said to prefer
the low hills near the coast south of San Quintin, where it
nests in the thorny branches of the candlewood {Fouquiera
columnaris). Mr. Belding has seen it near the boundary
line south of Tia Juana and between San Eafael and San
Pedro Martir, in elevated juniper-covered mesas. I first
heard the song of this oriole one day's travel south of San
Borgia, and my guide said it was a meadowlark — the notes
at a distance did resemble an imperfect song of a lark. At
Ubi I first saw the birds, and usually far from water; they
seemed to prefer open plains covered with thorny vegetation
and cacti to the cultivated tracts in the vicinity of ranches.

200. Icterus cucullatus nelsoni Ridgw.

Arizona Hooded Oriole. — Generally distributed over the
peninsula, particularly in the vicinit}^ of water and habita-
tions. I found them on Santa Margarita Island in January.
At Comondu they were nesting in the palm trees. A young
one, caged at San Fernando, was fed by the male parent.

201. Icterus bullocki (Swaius.)

Bullock's Oriole. — Observed by Mr. Anthony during
migration. Mr. Belding has found them tolerably common
from San Eafael northward.

202. Scolecophagus carolinus (Mii l.)

KusTY Blackbird. — The capture of a single specimen at
Yalladares is recorded by Mr. Anthony in the present vol-
ume, p. 86.

203. Scolecophagus cyanocephalus (Wagl.)

Brewer's Blackbird. — Observed by Mr. Belding at Sau
Jose del (Jabo. In March, 1888, I saw two flocks at San

296 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Julio plain east of Comondu, and did not meet with any
again until arriving at San Ignacio in the middle of April,
1889, when they were seen in small flocks about the streets
and gardens. Mr. Anthony has found them at times in
small flocks on San Pedro Martir.

204. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (Say).

House Finch. — The specimens taken by Mr. Xantus and
referred to this form, and those collected later by Mr.Belding ,
and considered by Mr. Ridgway to be remarkably fine ex-
amples of " 7'hodocolpi(S,^' are now placed under the subspecies
C. mexicanus Tuherrimus. Mr. Anthony has found C. m.
frontalis common everywhere in the northwest. 1 met with
them first at lat. 28°, and also on Cerros Island, at which
place Mr. Belding saw three examples.

205. Carpodacus mexicanus ruberrimus (Ki^lgw.)

St. Lucas House Finch. — The observations on house
finches from the Cape region are given under the preceding
variety. The description of the nest and eggs appears in
this volume on page 23. Measurements and remarks on the
constancy and extent of the pink tinge are here appended.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA.

29'

CARPODACUS FRONTALIS RUBERRIMUS, FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA.

p?

Date,

5!
1"

5.

rl

ft) ^

11

to

Sex

1?88.

Locality.

6

g

a
o

nm.

• o

• c;

• p
mm.

&
*

mm.

mm.

mm. 1

ixim.

2924

$

January 17

S.M. Is..

73.

58.

16.

8.5

8.

7.5

2934

$

18

" ••

73.

57.

16.5

8.5

7.5

7.

3043

s

March 12..

Comondu

74.

58.

16.

8.5

8.

7.5

3149

s

April 9

"

74.

56 5

17.

8.

8.

7.5

3150

$

" "

72.5

57.5

16.

& 5

8.5

8.

3177

s

" 12....

72.

58.

15.

8.5

8.

7.

3178

s

" "....

75.

60.

17.

8.

7.5

7.

3190

s

" 14....

73.

57.

16.

8.5

8.

7.

3191

s

•• "....

74.

57.5

15.

8.5

7.5

7.

3203

s

" 15

75.

60.

15.5

8.

8.

7.

Average.

73 5

57.9

16.

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3180

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April 12...

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71.

53.

16.

8 5

8.

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3192

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"

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.

54.

16.

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7.

No. 2924. — Decidedly pink cri.ssum; no pink on wing bands.

No. 2934.— No pink on crissum or wing bands.

No. 3043.— Slightly pink on crissum and wing bands.

No. 3149. — Crissum pink; wing bands slightly tinged.

No. 3150. — Crissum pink.

No. 3177.— Faintest trace of pink on crissum and wing bands.

No. 3178. — Trace of pink on crissum and wing bands.

No. 3190. — No trace of pink on crissum or wing bands; a pinkish tinge at vent.

No. 3191.— No trace of pink on crissum or wing band.«i.

No. 3203.— "SVing bands and crissum pink.

No. 3180.— Ovaries large.

206. Carpodacus amplus Kidgw.

Guadalupe House Finch.— The life liistory of tins insu-
sular species was given in the "Additions to the Ornithol-
ogy of Guadalupe Island."

298 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

207. Loxia curvirostra stricklandi Eidgw.

Mexican Crossbill. — Not reported from anywhere on the
peninsula. On Guadalupe Island I found it to be a resident
species, restricted in number and confined to the pine belt
at the north end of the island.

208. Spinus tristis (Linn.)

American Goldfinch. — Mr. Belding has seen a few in
winter in Tia Juana valley.

209. Spinus psaltria (Say).

Arkansas Goldfinch. — Mr. Belding found it common at
the Cape region. During migration Mr. Anthony has noticed
it at about lat. 3P N. , from the sea-level to 3,500 feet eleva-
tion. I collected it on Santa Margarita Island in Janu-
ary, 1889, and in April the same year found nests at Co-
mondu.

210. Spinus lawrencei (Cass.)

Lawrence's Goldfinch. — Observed by Messrs. Belding
and Anthony in the northwest. In the Tia Juana valley
the former says it is abundant.

211. Spinus pinus (Wils.)

Pine Siskin. — A single bird was shot by Mr. Belding from
a flock of S. 2^saltria at the Cape region. On one or two occa-
sions in May, Mr. Anthony has seen it on San Pedro
Martir.

212. Poocaetes gramineus confinis Baird.

Western Vesper Sparrow.— Several were shot near Ija
Paz by Mr. Belding in the winter. I found them near
Pozo Grande and obtained one specimen at Llanos de San
Julian. Mr. Anthony has noted it as not uncommon on
the northwest coast.

213. Ammodramus sandwichensis alaudinus (Bouap.)
Western Savanna Sparrow. — Recorded from Cape St.

Lucas in September by Mr. Xantus. Mr. Belding has

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 299

found it at various localities of the Cape region. I found a
few at San Jorge in April.

214. Ammodramus beldingi Ridgw.

Belding's Marsh Sparrow. — The Marsh sparrow given in
Mi . Belding's list of San Quintin Bay species as Passercuhis
anfJimus (Bp.) is now known to be Ammodramus beldingi
which Mr. Anthony says is resident there. Mr. Belding re-
ports it from as far north as Port Harford (Alta California)
where it was rare. I obtained two immature birds on the
salt marsh south of San Quintin the last day of the overland
journey.

215. Ammodramus rostratus Cass.

Large-Billed Sparrow. — Found at San Jose del Cabo by
Mr. Xantus. Obtained at La Paz, Cape St. Lucas and other
localities by Mr. Beldiug. I found, among the bushes on
the sand hills near Magdalena village, a few of these sparrows
in February, 1888, and did not see them elsewhere.

216. Ammodramus rostratus guttatus Lawr.

St. Lucas Sparrow\ — First obtained at San Jose del Cabo
by Mr. Xantus in December, 1859. I secured a single male
on Santa Margarita Island, January 21, 1888, which Mr.
Bidgway says is most like fhe type specimen of any he has
seen. The bird is in good plumage and has conspicuous
yellow-stripes from nostrils extending back over the eyes,
brighter anteriorily.

The type specimen measures: wing, 2.55 (64.7 mm ); tail,
1.95 (49.5 mm.); tarsus, .82 (20.8 mm.); middle toe, .62
(15.7 mm.); culmen, .45 (11.4 mm.); bill from nostril, .32
(8.1 mm.); depth of bill at base, .22 (5.6 mm.)

My specimen (No. 2,940, coll. of W. E. B.), measures:
wing, 68 mm.; tail, 52 mm.; tarsus, 22 mm.; middle toe,
15.5 mm. ; culmen, 11.5 mm. ; bill from nostril, 9 mm. ; depth
of bill at base, 6 mm.

300 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

217. Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus Ridgw.

Western Grasshopper Sparrow. — ^Kare, but seen at sev-
eral localities at the Cape region by Mr. Belding.

218. Chondestes grammacus stri?atus (Swains.)

Western Lark Sparrow. — Found by Messrs. Xantus and
Belding at the Cape region. Mr. Anthony has seen a few
in spring at San Quintin. I found them generally dis-
tributed over the peninsula in winter and spring.

219. Zonotrichia leucophrys (Foist.)

White-crowned Sparrow. — Collected at the Cape region
by Messrs. Xantus and Belding, the latter has taken it on
Cerros Island and at San Diego in May. I found it on
Santa Margarita Island and various places on the peninsula.

220. Zonotrichia intermedia Ric^gw.

Intermediate Sparrow. — Mr. Xantus secured specimens
at Cape St. Lucas. Mr. Anthony includes it in the list of
195 species which he has sent me of the birds from the
northwest.

221. Zonotrichia gambeli (Nutt.)

GAMBii^L's Sparrow. — Not reported from the Cape region.
Mr. Anthony notes it as abundant during winter and spring-
in the latitude of 41° N. Mr. Belding and myself have seen
it common about Ensenada. I collected immature spec-
imens on Santa Margarita Island.

222. Zonotrichia coronata (Pail.)

Golden -CROWNED Sparrow. — Three immature specimens
were collected by me on Guadalupe Island in 1886.

223. Spizella socialis arizonse Coues.

Western Chipping Sparrow. — Mr. Belding found it
rather rare in the Victoria Mountains, and none were seen
below 3,000 feet altitude. Mr. Anthony has met with it at
lat. 3P N., from the coast to 2,500 feet altitude. I obtained
a single specimen, tlie only one seen, on Guadalupe Island
January 6, 1886.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 301

224. Spizella pallida (Swains.)

Clay-colored Sparrow. — Mr. Belding found this species
common at the Cape region. It was common on Santa
Margarita Island and northward on the peninsula.

225. Spizella breweri Cass.

Brewer's Sparrow. — Abundant at the Cape region ac-
cording to Mr. Beldinsj. I obtained one specimen at San
Julio (near Comondu) that is intermediate between this
species and S. pallida.

226. Spizella atrigularis (Cab.)

Black-chinned Sparrow. — Has been taken at the Cape
region bj Mr. Belding who several times saw it in May,
1885, between San Kafael and San Pedro Martir, but no-
where numerous. Mr. Anthony met with a few on San
Pedro Martir at 10,000 feet elevation. At Valladares he
says they were common and nesting.

227. Junco hyemalis oregonus (Towns.)

Oregon Junco. — In May, 1884, Mr. Belding met with
them in tlie pine regions about Hansen's. In winter and
spring Mr. Anthony has found them at lat. 3P N., from 1,000
to 3,000 feet altitude. I collected a single specimen, the
only one seen, on Guadalupe Island February 16, 1886.

228. Junco bairdi Belding.

Baird' s Junco. — A common species in the Victoria mount-
ains above an altitude of 3,000 feet. The type specimens
were collected by Mr. Belding at La Laguna.

229. Junco insularis Ridgw.

Guadalupe Junco. — Known only from Guadalupe Island
where Dr. Palmer obtained tlie first specimens. For
description of habits and nesting, see Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci.,
Yol. II, 300-302.

230. Junco tOWnsendi Anthony.

Townsend's Junco. — This recently added species was
found by Mr. Anthony on San Pedro Martir in winter as

302 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

high as 2,500 feet altitude, mixed with flocks of J. li. oregoniis,
and in summer abundant in the pine belt from 7,000 to
11,000 feet altitude. It nests during the first week in May.
(See these Proceedings, p. 76.)

231. Amphispiza bilineata (Cass.)

Black-throated Sparrow. — Reported as common at the
Cape region by Mr. Belding who did not see any at San
Quintin Bay but found them moderately common at Santa
Eosalia Bay and San Rafael Valley. Mr. Anthony found
them not uncommon in the low hills a few miles from the
coast about lat. 31° N. On Santa Margarita and Magdalena
Islands they were the most common and generally dis-
tributed species. Breeding far from any water, nests were
found in bushes from one to five feet above the ground. On
the peninsula and Cerros Islands I found them equally
common.

232. Amphispiza belli (Cass.)

Bell's Sparrow. — Mr. Anthony mentions it as common
from sea-level to 1,500 feet elevation. I secured a single
specimen south of San Quintin, May, 1889. Mr. Belding
found it common at Santa Rosalia Bay.

233. Peucaea ruficeps boucardi (ScL)

BoucARDS Sparrow.— In the Victoria Mountains Mr.
Belding found them common on grassy hillsides above
2,500 feet altitude. By February they were usuall}^ seen in
pairs. I obtained a single specimen at Llanos de San
Julian April 19, 1889.

234. Melospiza fasciata samuelis (Baird).

Samuel's Song Sparrow. — One individual seen amongst
some tules at San Quintin by Mr. Belding. I found them
quite common in the large fresh water sw^ampat El Rosario,
and song sparrows that I supposed were of this form, were seen
at San Fernando.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 303

235. Melospiza fasciata rivularis Bryant.

Brown's Song Sparrow. — Not known from farther south
than Comondu, and was not found north of San Ignacio. At
all favorable intermediate localities it was seen, and in such
places was breeding. It was found near the western
coast at lower Purisima canon. Mr. Anthony says it is
*' common in the pines of the San Pedro range at 7,500 to
10,000 feet, also seen along the coast at San Ramon and San
Ysidro," but without specimens; I surmise that the sparrows
mentioned are the same as I found at El Eosario. The spec-
imens which I collected at San Ignacio are remarkably true
to the types, and the Lower California bird may yet rank as
a quite distinct local species, the intergradation suggested
by comparison wdth specimens of M. f. fallax from Arizona
failing to appear in the additional material from the penin-
sula.

For farther notes and tables of measurements, see these
Proceedings, Vol. I, pp. 197-200. Vol. II, pp. 22-23.

236. Melospiza lincolni (Aud.)

Lincoln's Sparrow. — Found in the Cape region by Mr.
Belding, and observed by Mr. Anthony on the northwest coast
during migration. I obtained two specimens on Guadalupe
Island in 1886, and found them at Comondu and Jesus
Maria.

237. Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis (GmeL)

Townsend's Sparrow. — The only claim of this variety to a
place in the list of Lower California birds rests upon a
single specimen which I shot on Guadalupe Island February
16, 1886. Mr. Anthony, however, has seen individuals of this
geuas in lat. 31^ N. which may b^elong to this variety.

238. Pipilo maculatus megalonyx (Baird).

Spurred Towhee. — Found at San Jose del Cabo in April
and May by Mr. Belding. In the region of San Pedro
Martir, Mr. Anthony says it breeds from 2,600 to 11,000 feet
altitude.

304 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

239. Pipilo consobrinus Ridgw.

Guadalupe Towhee. — Nothing new has been learned re-
garding this insular species since my visit to the island in
1885-86. (See Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., Vol. II, No. 6, pp.
303-305.)

240. Pipilo chlorurUS (Towns.)

Green-tailed Towhee. — Reported common at the Cape
region by Mr. Belding. I obtained specimens on Santa
Margarita Island and at various places on the peninsula.

241. Pipilo fuscus albigula (Baird).

St. Lucas Towhee. — First obtained at Cape St. Lucas
by Mr. Xantus, and later by Mr. Belding. I found them as
far north as lat. 30^.

242. Pipilo fuscus crissalis (Vig.)

Oalifornian Towhee. — In the vicinity of latitude 3P N.,
Mr. Anthony found it from sea level to 5,000 feet altitude.

243. Cardinalis cardinalis igneus (Baird).

St. Lucas Cardinal. — Messrs. Xantus and Belding col-
lected this variety at the Cape region. On Santa Margarita
Island I occasionally saw them among thick high shrubs and
trees. At Comondu they were common and were met with
nearly to lat. 29° N.

244. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata peninsulae Ridgw.

St. Lucas Pyrrhuloxia. — Obtained by Messrs. Xantus and
Belding, and mentioned in their lists as P. sinuata. I did not
see any during my wanderings on the islands or the
peninsula.

245. Habia melanocephala (Swains.)

Black-headed Grosbeak. — Noted from the Cape region
by Messrs. Xantus and Belding. It is not common in the
northwest, according to Messrs. Belding and Anthony. The
former found it breeding at Valle Trinidad, and saw a single
specimen on Cerros Island, and the latter at San Rafael. I
obtained a single pair at Comondu April 22, 1888.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 305

246. Guiraca caerulea eurhyncha Cones.

Western Blue Grosbeak. — Has been found by Mr.
Belcling at San Jose del Cabo and San Quintin, between San
Diego and San Pedro Martir; lie often saw them in poplar
and willow thickets. I met with them only at Comondu;
those which were taken had been feeding in a patch of
growing wheat.

247. Passerina amoena (Say).

Lazuli Bunting. — From the Cape region it has been re-
corded only by Mr. Belding. I found it rare at Comondu
and northward. Messrs. Belding and Anthony have met
with it in the northwest.

248. Passerina versicolor pulchra Ridgw.

Beautiful Bunting. — First obtained at Cape St. Lucas by
Mr. Xantus and later at Miraflores by Mr. Belding, by whom
the type of this variety was collected.

249. Calamospiza melanocorys Steju.

Lark Bunting. — Reported from the Cape region by
Messrs. Xantus and Belding. Mr. Anthony has noted it
along the coast, but not extending into the hills. Mr. Beld-
ing, however, has met with flocks from the boundary line to
San Pedro Martir. On Santa Margarita Island, March 1,
1889, I secured specimens from a flock numbering nearly
twenty, and afterward fouud them on the peninsula at many
places during the overland trip. Their song is quite musi-
cal, especially when many are congregated in the bushes
and singing at the same time.

250. Piranga ludoviciana (Wiis.)

Louisiana Tanager. — ^At Cape St. Lucas obtained only by
Mr. Xantus September 27 to November 17. Mr, Belding met
with it in the Victoria mountains, and also at La Paz. Mr.
Anthony tells me it is found from the coast to 3,000 feet
altitude, but is not common. In April, 1888, I shot two
moulting birds at Comondu.

2d Ser., Vol. II. { 21 ) December 31, 1889.

306 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

251. Pro§:ne subis hesperia Brewst.

Western Martin. — Taken at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xan-
tus, and seen by Mr. Belcling at San Jose del Cabo, April
29, 1882. Collected at Sierra de la Laguna by Mr. Frazar.
Several colonies were found by Mr. Anthony nesting on
San Pedro Martir, at altitudes ranging from 7,500 to 8,000
feet. A few were seen migrating in April along tlie coast.
Mr. Belding found tliem nesting in dead pines at Hansen's.
A single pair was seen by me at San Fernando May 18, 1889.

252. Petrochelidon lunifrons (Say).

Cliff Swallow. — At San Jose del Cabo was first seen by
Mr. Belding April 29, 1882. At San Quintin Bay lie no-
ticed tliem in May, 1881. Nests were found by Mr. Anthony
in cliffs near the coast at San Ysidro in April and May. On
San Pedro Martir he found a small nesting colony at an
altitude of 8,200 feet.

253. Chelidon erythrogaster (Bodd.)

Barn Swallow. — Mr. Belding noticed it at San Quintin
Bay in May, 1881, but has not seen any south of there. A
few birds were seen at San Jorge in March, 1888.

254. Tachycineta bicolor (Vieill.)

Tree Swallow. — At the Cape region was often seen in
winter by Mr. Belding. Other observers do not mention it.

255. Tachycineta thalassina (Swains.)

Violet-green Swallow. — Noted by Messrs. Xantus and
Belding at the Cape region. Mr. Anthony says it is com-
mon in the pines on San Pedro Martir, nesting at Valla-
dares (2,500 feet) and higher. Near Comondu 1 found it
nesting in the holes made by the Gila woodpecker in giant
cacti. A full-fledged young was taken in April, 1888, near
Comondu.

256. Ampelis cedrorum (Vieill.)

Cedar Waxwing. — According to Mr. Belding, it is very
rare at the Cape region, where it feeds upon mistletoe ber-

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 307

ries. I saw one small flock at Comonclu on April 7, 1888,
and secured five specimens. One bird was taken on Gua-
dalupe Island.

257. Phainopepla nitens (Swains.)

Phainopepla. — Found at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xantus.
According to Mr. Belding, it is very common at the Cape
region, except in the high mountains. Mr. Anthony has
met them from Ensenada southward, up to an altitude of
6,000 feet; their presence, he says, is governed by the food
supply, which is obtained usually in mesquite thickets.
They were common near La Giganta (San Pedro and San
Julio plains), also met with at and near Comondu. A nest
containing three large young was found near Pozo Grande,
April 21, 1888; it was built in a mesquite six feet from the
ground, and in a very exposed situation. The young were
fed with mistletoe berries.

258. Lanius ludovicianus gambeli Ridgw.

California Shrike. — Said by Mr. Belding to be common
at the Cape region. Mr. Anthony has met with it along
the entire northwestern coast region. I found onCerros,
Guadalupe, and Santa Margarita Islands, and in several
places on the peninsula, birds which have been referred to
this race. Some Mexican children at Juncal had six young
in a cage, supposing they were mockingbirds.

259. Vireo gilvus swainsoni (VieiU.)

Western Warbling Yireo. — At Miraflores Mr. Belding
found it moderately common. May 9, 1882. I took a single
high-plumaged male at Comondu, A]3ril 12, 1888.

260. Vireo solitarius cassinii (Xantus).

Cassin's Vireo. — Found breeding at San Jose del Cabo
by Mr. Belding, and common at Miraflores.

261. Vireo huttoni Stephens! Brewst.

Stephen's Yireo. — In the Victoria Mountains Mr. Beld-
ing met with it only above 3,000 feet altitude.

308 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

262. Vireo bellii pusillus (Coues).

Least Yireo. — Rare at the Cape region according to Mr.
Belding. Mr. Antlionj found it common in willow thickets
on tlie northwest coast up to 3,000 feet altitude. Nesting
from 500 to 2,500 feet altitude. I obtained specimens on
Santa Margarita Island in winter, and found them in May
at San Fernando; at Comondu in March; at San Benito in
April, and at El Rosario, May 21, 1889.

263. Vireo vicinior Cones.

Gray Yireo. — Not many were seen in any part of Lower
California by Mr. Belding, who noted them from south of
Campo, at an altitude of 3,000 feet in May, 1884; near San
Rafael in May, 1885, and the mountains east of Ensenada
in April, 1887.

264. Helminthophila ruficapilla gutturalis Eidgw.
Calaveras Warbler. —Mr. Belding reports the bird as a

rare migrant. He has seen it only in spring at Tia Juana,
a town on the boundary line.

265. Helminthophila celata (Say).

Orange-crowned Warbler. — A single specimen was col-
lected by Mr. Belding at the Cape region in January, 1882.

266. Helminthophila celata lutescens Eidgw.

LuTESCENT Warbler. — Common at the Cape region
according to Mr. Belding, who has occasionally seen it
between the boundary line and San Pedro Martir. Other
observers do not mention having seen it in Lower California.
On Santa Margarita Island I found it common in January,
1888, and at Comondu in March. In San Benito canon I
shot a male April 10, 1889, and took a female at El Rosario
May 21, 1889. One of the Santa Margarita Island birds
which Mr. Ridgway has examined is quite different from the
others of the series and may, he remarks, belong to a local
race. My visit to the island this year was made too late to
find many of the small land species obtained the previous
year, and no additional specimens were taken.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 309

267. Dendroica aestiva (Gmei.)

Yellow Warbler. — At the Cape region it was found to
be rare by Mr. Belding. In spring Mr. Anthony says it is
common on the northwest coast up to 2,500 feet altitude.

268. Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps Eidgw.

Mangrove Warbler. — "Common in the shrubbery around
the Bay of La Paz; also seen at Pichalinque Bay and
Espiritu Santo Island. It frequented almost exclusively
the mangroves {Rhizopora mangle), and is probably resident."
(Belding). I heard their song in the mangroves bordering
the long estero northward from Magdalena Bay, and in the
mangroves on Santa Margarita Island where I saw a male
March 2. 1889.

269. Dendroica auduboni (Towns.)

Audubon's AYarbler. — In the Victoria mountains and the
Cape region Mr. Belding found it common, but rare at
Hansen's, May 14. On San Pedro Martir Mr. Anthony met
with it at 9,000 feet elevation May 10. In the winter of 1885-6,
I collected two males on Guadalupe Island. They were also
found on Santa Margarita Island, and in March at Comondu.

270. Dendroica nigrescens (Towns.)

Black-throated Gray Warbler. — In the Victoria mount-
ains Mr. Belding found it very common above 3,000 feet
altitude and occasionally saw it in canons of about 1,000
feet altitude. At Hansen's it was rather rare May 14.
Specimens were shot at Tia J nana May 2. Mr. Anthony
has found it only in the region of San Pedro Martir where
it breeds from 7,500 to 11,000 feet altitude.

271. Dendroica townsendi (Nutt )

Townsend's Warbler. — A male was seen April 14, 1882,
at Mirafiores by Mr. Belding; and at Tia Juana he shot
specimens May 2. Mr. Anthony has taken a single bird in
spring at San Quintin.

SIO CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

272. Dendroica occidentalis (Towns.)

Hermit Warbler. — Mr. Belding mentions it as a rare
migrant, having observed three at Tia Juana May 2. A
single bird noted at San Quintin in the fall by Mr. Anthony
are the only records.

273. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis (Giinu.)

Grixnell's Water Thrush. — Two specimens (females)
Avere obtained at La Paz by Mr. Belding, and one at Todos
Santos.

274. Geothlypis macgillivrayi (Aud.)

Macgillivray' s Warbler. — Mr. Belding met with this
species in mountain caiions of the Cape region where it was
rare. At Tia Juana he says it occurs as a migrant. In
March, 1888, I shot a female at Comondu and did not
again see any.

275. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewst.

Western Yellow-throat. — Common at the Cape region
according to Mr. Belding. In swamps along the northwest
coast Mr. Anthony found it common, and saw none above
1,000 feet elevation. I shot one on Santa Margarita Island,
the only place where it was met with.

276. Geothlypis beldingi Ridgw.

Belding's Yellow-throat. — ' 'Common in the few suitable
localities around San Jose, Miraflores and canons of tho
Miraflores and Santiago Peaks. At Agua Caliente a pair
was noticed feeding their young just out of the nest. May 7.
The only note traced to these species was a loud chip. I
listened long, when in the neighborhood of one or more of
these birds, for the familiar song of the Maryland yellow-
throat {G. trichas), but failed to hear it." (Belding. Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. Y., p. 546). In March, 1888, I first
met with this species at Comondu, and in April, 1889, 1 found
them apparently as common and obtained eleven eggs from
four of the five nests discovered. [See Descriptions of the
Nests and Eggs of some Lower California Birds, with a

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 311

Description of the Young Plumage of Geoflitijpis heldingi, in
in these Proceedings, pp. '20-22].

The birds kept mainly within the bullrushes and bushes
of the creek, but could be called out by imitating the cries
of a bird in distress. I frequently heard them singing,
sometimes in the top of a low tree. Their notes are
rather loud and quite clear, an interval of a few seconds
occuring between each song. The three songs which I heard
sung by the same individual March 31, were noted on the
spot. In different places of the song occurred a low. short
buzz, represented by stars in the following. The first song
occupied about five seconds.

1. Sweet, sweet ■^- -^ -^ ear ^ ^ ^ siveet, sweet ear ^ ^ ^
siueet, sweet ear.

2. Sweet, sweet ear -^ -^ -^ siveet, siveet ear.

3. Sweet, sweet ear -^ -^ - sweet, sweet ear -^ * ^

The birds were found on the west coast at lower Purisima
canon, and as far north as San Ignacio, consequently they
are not nearly as localized as has before been supposed.

312

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

DIMENSIONS OF GEOTHLYPIS BELDINGI, FROM COMONDU.

Collector's
No.

Sex

Date,

1888.

Wing.

Tail
feathers

Bill from
nostril.

Tarsus.

Remarks.

mm.

mm.

mm.

mm

3023

S

Mar. 11

61.

64.

9.5

22.

3031

6

«' 12

63.5

61.

10.

23.

3054

$

" 13

61.5

62.5

9.5

23.

3107

$

" 24

62 5

64.5

10.

23.

3137

S

Apr, 9

62.

66.

9.5

23.

3138

$

" "

62.

62.

9.5

22.5

Tail worn.

3139

S

" "

60.5

59 5

8 5

23.

o

3160

$

" 10

63.

66.

9.5

22.

3171

S

" 12

64.

65.

9.

22.

3208

6

. 17

63.5

63.5

9.

22.

Tail worn.

Average.

62.3

63.5

9.4

8.5

22.5

3028

9

Mar. 12

60.

61.5

22.

Ovaries enlarged

3124

9

Apr. 8

59.

61.

9.

21.5

Sitting.

3152

9

" 10

61.5

64,

9

21.

3163

9

" 11

59.

59.

9.5

21.

Tail worn.

3172

9

" 12

61.

62,

9.5

22.5

Average.

59.9

61.5

9.1

21.6

277. Icteria virens longicauda (Lawr.)

Long-tailed Chat. — Bare at the Cape region according
to Mr. Belding. In thickets along the gulches east of San
Quintin, Mr. Anthony found it common under 800 feet
elevation. At Comondu they were common, and nesting in
the bushes of the creek. The Mexicans call the birds
" arriero,'' from the resemblance of its whistle to that made
by a mule driver. When shown a male G. heldhigi they
said it was an " arriero," but when the chat and warbler

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 313

were exhibited together, they all agreed that the chat was
the ^'arriero'^ and the warbler unknown to them. I
encountered many such conflicting opinions regarding birds
common among them. The phainopepla is a ''cJiiriati," (?)
so is the black pewee, until they are shown the two side
by side, when the pewee would be left without a name.

278. Sylvania pusilla pileolata (PalL)

PiLEOLATED Warbler. — Obtained at the Cape region by
Messrs. Xantus and Belding. During spring migration
Mr. Anthony has seen them from 800 to 2,500 feet elevation
in the region of lat. 31^ N. Mr. Belding has taken three 2
specimens in Lower California sixty miles from San Diego,
May 19. I found a few at Comondu in March, before the
migration northward had ended.

279. Setophaga ruticilla (Linn.)

American Redstart. — A female was shot by Mr. Belding
at Miraflores February 24, 1883.

280. Motacilla ocularis Swiuh.

Swinhoe's Wagtail. — Mr. Belding captured a single
specimen at La Paz January 9, 1882.

281. Anthus pensilvanicus (Lath.)

American Pipit. — At San Jose del Cabo Mr. Belding saw
a flock which remained as late as May 3. In winter Mr.
Anthony has found them from the coast to 3,000 feet alti-
tude and on San Pedro Martir he saw a few May 8, at an
altitude of 9,000 feet. A flock numbering about twenty-five
was seen by myself on Guadalupe Island, February 2, 1886,
and one specimen secured. Specimens which were collected
at Comondu in April were moulting.

282. Anthus cervinus (P.ilas).

Red-throated Pipit. — One specimen was obtained at San
eTose del Cabo by Mr. Belding, February 7, 1883.

283. Oroscoptes montanus (Towns.)

Sage Thrasher. — Given from the Cape region as rare by

314 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Mr. Beldmg. Mr. Anthony has met with it along the
northwest coast in spring nncler 1,000 feet altitude. The
only one which I saw on Guadalupe Island was shot January

7, 1886.

284. Mimus polyglottos (Linn).

Mockingbird. — Obtained at the Cape region by Messrs.
Xantus and Belding. On the northwest coast Mr. Anthony
says it breeds in the foothills just away from the shore, and
is found up to 3,000 feet altitude. I saw two birds on
Guadalupe Island March 16, 1886, and shot the female. On
Santa Margarita Island and the peninsula, they were every-
where common. The Mexicans had large young caged in
April, 1888.

285. Harporhynchus cinereus Xantus.

St. Lucas Thrasher. — Very common at the Cape region
according to Messrs. Xantus and Belding. Mr. Anthony
has taken this species and the young at San Quintin in
March, but saw none after the first week in April. I met
with it throughout the overland route from Comondu to San
Quintin.

286. Harporhynchus redivivus (Gamb.)

Californian Thrasher. — Mr. Anthony has found it as far
south as El Kosario and on San Pedro Martir as high as
7,500 feet elevation. Mr. Belding shot a specimen near
Valle Trinidad, where he reports it as rare. He also notes
it from San Quintin.

287. Harporhynchus crissalis (Henry).

Orissal Thrasher. — " One specimen, the first ever taken
in Lower California, was shot about the middle of May,
1885, ten or twelve miles northwest of San Pedro mount-
ains from a company or family of four. The remaining
three were very shy, and after pursuing them in every direc-
tion, about an hour, I reluctantly quit the chase as our
animals needed water, and we knew we must travel two or
three hours before finding any. This was but one of many

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 315

experiences while collecting in different parts of Lower
California, when the Avant of water interfered seriously
with my success. During this trip of two weeks, we passed
two nights at different localities without a drop of water. "
(Belding in litt.)
288- Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus (Lafr.)

Cactus Wken. — Mr. Belding did not meet w4th it between
San Rafael and San Pedro Martir. Mr. Anthony, however,
has found it along the coast, and up to 1,500 feet altitude
in the San Pedro Martir range of mouD tains.

289. Campylorhynchus affinis Xautus.

St. Lucas Cactus Wren. — Found very commonly at the
Cape region by Messrs. Xantus and Belding. I met with
it throughout the peninsula south of San Quintin. All the
specimens which I collected on the overland journey are
referable to C. affinis, although remarkable in the profuse
spotting of the underparts, and the intensity of these spots.

290. Salpinctes obsoletus fSay).

Rock Wren. — Reported not rare at the Cape region by
Mr. Belding. In the northwest Mr. Anthony has found it
from the coast to 11,000 feet altitude, and on San Martin
Island it was breeding. I found a few on Santa Margarita
and Magdalena Islands, and at various localities northward.

291. Salpinctes guadeloupensis Kidgw.

Guadalupe Rock Wren.. — Known only from Guadalupe
Island. The life history of this species was published in
Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., Yol. II, pp. 308-312.

292. Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus Ridgw.

Dotted Canon Wren. — Reported from the Cape region
and Victoria Mountains by Mr. Belding. Mr. Anthon}- has
met Avith it as high as 10,000 feet altitude on San Pedro
Martir. The first ones I heard were far up the sides of the
rocky walls that inclose Comondu. On April 28, 1889, I
secured a male and four fledged young at San Sebastian.

316 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

293. Thryothorus bewickii spilurus (Vig.)

ViGORs's Wren. — Collected on Cerros Island by Mr. Beld-
ing, Mr. Townsend and myself. Those which I secured in
1885 were in worn plumage, but suggested to Mr. Henshaw,
who identified them, the possibility that they belonged to a
local race. I saw some at Soledad Stock Eanch, and met
with it a^^ain on the peninsula in the latitude of Cerros Is-
land. Mr. Belding has recorded it from San Quintin, and
Mr. Anthony reports it from the northwest coast in winter
under 2,500 feet altitude.

294. Thryothorus brevicaudus Ridgw.

GuADiiLUPE Wren. — Known from Guadalupe Island by
two specimens collected by Dr. Palmer in 1875, and the
seven which I obtained February 16, 1887. (See Bull. Cal.
Acad. Sci., Vol. II, pp. 312-313.)

295. Troglodytes aedon parkmanii (Aud,)

Parkman's Wren. — Mr. Belding found it to be rare on
Cerros Island, and collected a specimen at La Paz.

296. Cistothorus palustris paludicola Baiid.

TuLE Wren. — Obtained only at San Jos^ del Cabo by Mr.
Belding. On March 7, 1889, I shot a female among the
mangroves on Santa Margarita Island, and the year before
a Mexican boy brought one to me, which he had killed with
a stone; the bird was moulting, having lost all of its tail
feathers.

297. Sitta carolinensis aculeata (Cass.)

Slender-billed Nuthatch. — Found in the Victoria mount-
ains of the Cape region by Mr. Belding. In the pines on
San Pedro Martir Mr. Anthony found it nesting from 7,500
to 10,000 feet altitude.

298. Sitta canadensis Linu.

Ked-beieasted Nuthatch. — A small colony was found
among the pines on Guadalupe Island. (See Bull. Cal.
Acad. Sci., Vol. II, pp. 313-314).

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 317

299. Sitta pygmsea leuconucha Anthony.

White-naped Nuthatch. — Found by Mr. Anthony in the
pines on San Pedro Martir from 7,000 to 11,000 feet alti-
tude; nesting in April and May. (See these Proceedings,
j)p. 77-78.) Mr. Belding has seen one of the pygmy nut-
hatches at Hansen's, which is likely to be this subspecies.

300. Parus inornatus griseus Ricigw.

Gray Titmouse. — ^ ' A few were found at the base of San
Pedro Martir during late summer and fall; frequents the
live oaks and cottonwoods, 2,500 to 8,000 feet elevation."
(Anthony).

301. Parus inornatus cineraceus Ricigw.

Ashy Titmouse. — Collected in the Victoria Mountains by
Mr. Belding above an altitude of 3,000 feet.

302. Parus gambeli Ridgw.

Mountain Chickadee. — Found by Mr. Belding in the pine
region about Hansen's. Mr. Anthony met with it among
the pines of San Pedro Martir, nesting. from 7,500 to 10,000
feet altitude.

303. Chamaea fasciata henshawi Ridgw.

Pallid Wren-Tit. — Mr. Anthony, who has collected speci-
mens in the vicinity of Ensenada, San Fernando, and on
San Pedro Martir up to 10,000 feet altitude, tells me that
they are all referable to this race. Mr. Belding has heard
wren-tits on San Pedro Martir and at San Quintin. I heard
them in May, 1889, at El Eosario, among some thick willow
growth.

304. Psaltriparus minimus californicus Kidgw.

Californian Bush-Tit. — xlccording to Mr. Anthony, it is
common from El Eosario northward, and from the sea-level
to 9,000 feet altitude.

305. Psaltriparus minimus grindse (Belding).

Grinda's Bush-Tit. — Obtained in the San Francisco and
Victoria Mountains by Mr. Belding.

318 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

306. Auriparus flaviceps (Suud.)

Yerdin. — A common species throughonfc the peninsula, as
noted by all observers. Mr. Belding doubts if it occurs on
the peninsula north of lat. 32°, unless on the eastern side.
Nests were found sometimes in mesquite trees, but usually
in cliollas. At Comondu, in April, I found young large
enough to care for themselves, and nests containing fresh
eggs.

307. Regulus calendula (Linn.)

Ruby-crowned Kinglet. — Mr. Belding found it moderate-
ly common in the Victoria Mountains in February. On
San Pedro Martir Mr. Anthony saw it up to 11,000 feet al-
titude, and down to the coast in winter and spring. A few
were found in the pines the last of April, at 8,500 feet ele-
vation.

308. Regulus obscurus Ridgw.

Dusky Kinglet. — Known only from Guadalupe Island.
For notes of habits and description of nest and eggs, see
Bull. CaJ, Acad. Sci., Vol. 11, pp. 314-316.

309. Polioptila caerulea (Linn.)

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. — Common at the Cape region,
and also found in the Victoria Mountains by Mr. Belding.
I obtained a single specimen at San Julio, near Comondu,
in March, 1888.

310. Polioptila plumbea Baird.

Plumbeous Gnatcatcher. — Collected at Cape St. Lucas
by Mr. Xantus. Mr. Belding has recorded it as very com-
mon at the Cape region. I found it on Santa Margarita Is-
land, and from the west coast to the Gulf in about lat. '2(J^
N., and also near the west coast in lat. 28"^ N.

311. Polioptila californica Brewst.

Black-tailed Gnatcatcher. — This species (?'! was noted
by Mr. Belding from Santa Eosalia Bay. Mr. Anthony
says it breeds at San Fernando, and has been found by him
at 5,000 feet altitude.

BIRDS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 319

312. Myadestes townsendii (Aud.)

Townsend's Solitaire. — The only note of occurrence of
this species is from Mr. Anthony's letter, saying he found
a single bird in the fall in a juniper thicket, at an altitude
of 2,400 feet.'

313. Turdus ustulatus (Nutt.)

KussET-BACKED Thrush. — Seen at Hansen's as late as May
14, 1884, by Mr. Belding, and after the middle of Iklay
southeast of San Rafael.

314. Turdus aonalaschkae Gmel.

Dwarf Hermit Thrush. — Mentioned by Mr. Belding as
common and possibly resident in the Victoria Mount-
ains. I shot three birds in 1886, which had wandered to
Guadalupe Island. In January, 1888, 1 saw a few on Santa
Margarita Island.

315. Turdus migratoria propinqua Ridgw.

Western Robin. — Found at Ensenada, common in April,
by Mr. Belding, and at San Rafael in winter. On the north-
west coast Mr. Anthony found them common during winter
in the first ranges of hills; their food was principally man-
zanita berries. A few were seen as late as May 10, at an
altitude of 9,000 feet; none were seen by him south of San
Quintin. On Guadalupe Island I shot three birds in Jan-
uary, 1886.

316. Merula confinis (Baird).

St. Lucas Robin. — First obtained by Mr. Xantusat Todos
Santos, and afterwards in tha Victoria Mountains by Mr.
Belding. None of the people of whom I enquired knew c f
any such bird, and I saw none on any of my trips.

317. Hesperocichla nsevia (Gmel.)

Varied Thrush. — The only record is of the single bird
which I shot on Guadalupe Island March 4, 1886.

320 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

318. Sialia mexicana Swains.

Western Bluebird. — Common during migration, accord-
ing to Mr. Anthony, from 2,000 to 11,000 feet altitude, and
a few he thinks may breed on the top of San Pedro Martir.
Mr. Belding saw several pairs at San Rafael in May.

319. Sialia mexicana anabelse Anthony.

Anabel's Bluebird. — Not observed below 7,000 feet by
Mr. Anthony. It was very common throughout the pine belt.
(See these Proceedings, pp. 79-81.)

320. Sialia arctica (Swains.)

Mountain Bluebird. — Three birds were seen by me on
Guadalupe Island in the winter of 1885-6.

PROCEEDINGS.

January 21, 1889. — Stated Meeting.
The President in the chair.

The following were proposed for membership :
Lyman Belding, Waldemar Lindgren, James E. Mills,
Volney Kattan, Townshend S. Brandegee.

Additions to Museum :

40 bird skins, 750 specimens of insects, 6 specimens of
Pliolas, specimens of fossil shells, specimens of reptiles,
donated by E. C. McGregor.

Skin of White Swan, donated by C. W. Kellogg.

The following paper w^as read :

The Total Eclipse of the Sun, Jan. 1st, 1889, by E. J.
Molera.

The following papers were read by title:

New Species of Calif ornian Mammals, by C Hart
Merriam.

Song Notes of Birds, by L. Belding.

Pefcrographical Notes on Baja California, Mexico, by W.
Lindgren.

Keview of the Erythrinin8e,->by C, H. and E. S, Eigen-
mann.

Botanical Notes, by Mary K. Curran.

Eeport upon a Collection of Birds from Lower California,
by W. E. Bryant.

2d Ser., Vol. II. ( 22 )

322 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

February 4, 1889, — Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Additions to Library:

From correspondents 133

By donation . . 8

By purchase 93

The following paper was read :

The Acorn and the Oak, by T. H. Hittell.

February 18, 1889. — Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Addition to the Museum:

Fossil Elephant's Tusk, donated by C. H. Burnham.

The following paper was read:
On Orinoids, by George Hewston.

March 4, 1889. — Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Townshend S. Brandegee, Waldemar Lindgren, Volney
Eattan, James E. Mills and Lyman Belding were elected
resident members.

The following were proposed for membership:
C. C. Reidy, E. J. Wickson.

Donations to Museum:
Specimen of Limonite, by F. Gutzkow.
Egg containing two specimens of Gordius and a fungous
growth, donated by P. Eossi.

PROCEEDINGS. 323

Photographic slides of the solar corona, donated by
E. J. Molera.

The President announced the death of Seth Cook and
Dr. Jules C. A. deTavel, members.

The following papers were read:

Earthquakes in California, 1888, by E. S. Holden; read
by E. J. Molera.

Notes on Corea, by Lucius H. Foote.

March 18, 1889.— Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Additions to library:

From correspondents 121

By purchase 6

By donation 1

The following paper was read:
Names of Colors, by H. H. Behr.

April 1, 1889. — Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Additions to library :

From correspondents 60

By purchase 5

By donation 3

Dr. Trembley presented Reports on the Meteorology of
Oakland for 1887 and 1888.

The following paper was read:

Water Motors and Water Meters, by F. Gutzkow.

324 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

April 15, 1889. — Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.
Addition to Museum:

Specimen of fish from Lost River, Oregon, donated by
J. D. Eedding.

Additions to Library:

From correspondents 53

By purchase 5

By donation 4

Mr. Gutzkow described some peculiar Alumina deposits.
A discussion on Aluminium followed.

The following paper was read:

Elements and Ephemeris of Barnard's comet, by J. M.
Schaeberle, communicated by Prof. Holden.

The President called attention to the volume of Proceed-
ings just finished and ready for distribution.

The following vote of thanks was unanimously passed:
Resolved — That the thanks of the Academy be tendered to
Mrs. Mary K. Curran for the laborious, faithful and able
manner in which she has discharged her duties as Editor of
the Proceedings of the Academy.

May 6, 1889. — Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

A curious mask of Aztec origin, belonging to Mr. Carl
Clark, was exhibited.

Additions to Library:

From correspondents 107

By purchase 7

By donation 3

The plans of the new Academy building were exhibited
and explained by Mr. S. W. HoUaday.

PROCEEDINGS. 325

May 20, 1889.— Stated Meeting.

The Pkesident in the chair.

Additions to Museum :

Shark's Jaw, donated by Leo Eloesser.

Specimen of Cinnabar, donated by B. M. Newcomb.

Specimens of Insects from Durango, Mexico, donated by
H. S. Durden.

Young viviparous Perch from Oregon.

Photograph of the Moon, donated by the Lick Ovserva-
tory.

Additions to Library:

From correspondents 53

By purchase . 6

The following paper was read:

The Duration of Individual Life in Insects, by H. H.
Behr.

June 3, 1889. — Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Additions to Museum :

Eighteen specimens Echinoderms and specimens of
Galena, donated by R. C. McGregor.

One specimen Cryptochiton stelleri, donated by J. Redlick.

Specimen of Salt from San ^Quintin, Lower California,
donated by Jas. Bandall.

Additions to Library :

From correspondents 90

By purchase. 7

By donation 1

326 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

The following paper was read:

Nesting Habits of some of our Kaptores, with Notes on
the California Condor, by H. R. Taj' lor.

Mr. W. E. Bryant made a verbal report on his recent
trip in Lower California.

June 17, 1889. — Stated Meeting.

Yice-Pkesident Behr in the chair.

Additions to Museum:

3 specimens of Samoan tapa, donated by Rev. A. A. Mc-
Allister, Chaplain of U S.S. Trenton.

Specimen of Prionus, donated by Philip Thayer,

Additions to Library:

From correspondents 85

By purchase 5

By donation 4

The following paper was read:

Descriptions of the Nests and Eggs of Some Lower Cali-
fornian Birds, by Walter E. Bryant.

July 1, 1889. — Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Additions to Museum :

Book of herbarium specimens, donated by John A. Col-
lins.

Sj)ecimen of the young of a small Orthopterous Insect,
donated by J. Josephs.

Specimen of Octopus and a young Shark, donated by C.
A. Wentworth.

Specimen of silicified wood, donated by J. De Barth
Shorb.

PROCEEDINGS. 327

Additions to Library:

From correspondents. 67

By purchase 6

By donation 11

The following paper was read :

A Description of Some New Mammals, by Walter E.
Brvant.

July 15, 1889.— Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Additions to Museum:

Specimen of CryptohrancJms, donated hy H. H. Behr.

200 specimens of Plants, donated by P. S. Buckminster.

140 specimens of Insects, donated by Carlos Troyer.

Mounted specimen of Urinator imher, donated by Charles
Fiebig.

Specimens of Ereunetes pasillus, ThamiiopMlus multistria-
tus and Swedish Finch, donated by F. O. Johnson.

5 specimens (4 species) of Mammals, donated by W. W.
Price.

11 specimens of small Thrushes, donated by L. Belding.

Mr. E. J. Molera presented the trowel used to lay the
corner-stone of the new building.

Mr. Wm. Lambert exhibited-a living specimen of Amhhj-
stoma.

The following paper was read :
On the " Cirio " Tree, by T. S. Brandegee.
Mr. Carlos Troyer made a verbal communication regard-
ing the Indian inscriptions in Placer county.

328 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

August 5, 1889. — Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Additions to Library:

From correspondents 161

By purchase 13

By donation 1

Mr. Gutzkow addressed the meeting on the subject of a
new water-meter.

President Harkness presented specimens of Peronospora
viticola and an undescribed Gladosporium from the wild
vine, and made a few remarks concerning them.

The President announced the death of Adley H. Cum-
mins, member.

August 19, 1889. — Stated Meeting.
The President in the chair.

Additions to Museum :

Specimen of Blrgus latro from Fanning Ishi^nds, donated
by State Mining Bureau.

Specimen of Athene novce-zealandice from New Zealand,
donated by Samuel Macauley.

88 species of Shells, donated by Maurice Chaper.

Specimen of Osfrea titon, donated by John F. Burch.

Additions to Library:

From correspondents , 103

By purchase 6

A vote of thanks was passed to M. Maurice Chaper for
his donation of a valuable collection of shells.

PROCEEDINGS. 329

Mr. Gntzkow addressed the Academy on the subject of
Alumiuinm and its manufacture.

The following paper was read:

On Amblystoma, by Walter E. Bryant.

September 2, 1889. — Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Additions to Library:

From correspondents 62

By purchase 9

By donation 1

Dr. Geo. Yasey addressed the Academy on the subject of
Grasses.

September 16, 1889.— Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

J. S. Bunnell was proposed for membership.

Additions to Library :

From correspondents. ... 41

By purchase 5

The following paper was read:

On the Hydrometallurgy of Silver, by F. Gutzkow.

October 7, 1889. — Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Addition to Museum:

Model of Samoan canoe w4th outrigger, donated by Rev.
A. A. McAllister, U.S.N.

330 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Additions to Library:

From correspondents 98

By purchase 7

By donation 1

Mr. T. S. Brandegee made a verbal communication con-
cerning the Flora of Lower California, exhibiting photo-
graphs of some new species of Cactus.

October 21, 1889.— Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

F. H. Yaslit was proposed for membership.

Additions to Museum:

3 specimens of fish, donated by L. Belding.

Specimen of snake, donated by W. D. Bliss.

The reading of Mr. Brandegee' s paper on Flora of Lower
California, was postponed until the next meeting.

November 4, 1889.— Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Additions to Museum :

1 specimen of Eakenia, and 1 arachnid, donated by W.
D. Bliss.

1 specimen of Fischeria, donated by J. R. Scupham.

Additions to Library:

From correspondents 107

By purchase 64

By donation 3

PROCEEDINGS. 331

Tlie following paper was read:

On the Flora of Baja California, by T. S. Brandegee.

Mr. F. Lambertenglii addressed the meeting on Progress
in Italian Law.

November 18, 1889.— Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Additions to Museum:

2 living specimens of Crotalus cerastes, donated by Mr.
Quinn.

Dr. Behr made some remarks on the habits of rattle-
snakes.

The following paper was read:

Euphorbiaceae collected by T. S. Brandegee in Lower Cal-
ifornia, by Dr. C. F. Millspaugh.

December 2, 1889. — Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Additions to Museum :

1 specimen Remora sqaalipeta, donated by Dr. E. S.
Clark.

1 specimen of the early stage of some Selachianoid fish,
donated by Jerome B. Cox.

1 specimen vein matter forming a distinct cross, donated
by Melville Attwood.

425 specimens (about 200 species) of Coleoptera, donated
by F. C. Torrey.

4 skins of young Auk and 4 sea-birds' Eggs, donated by
Mrs. W. J. Dodd.

ddZ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Additions to Library:

From correspondents 215

By purchase 11

By donation .... 6

The following paper was read:

The Economy of Nature as Exemplified by Vegetable and
Animal Parasites, by H. H. Behr.

December 16, 1889. — Stated Meeting.

The President in the chair.

Additions to Museum:

216 specimens of Insects, donated by E. C. McGregor.

40 specimens wallow aphis (Lachnus dentatiis), donated
by G. P. Eixford.

56 specimens of Insects, donated by E. F. Lorquin.

5 specimens Ctenuchamultifavia, donated by C. D Haines.

1 specimen of larval form of Anieles Mexicana; 204 speci-
mens of Lepidoptera, donated by H. H. Behr.

90 specimens of Lepidoptera, donated by Carlos Troyer.

I Spider (Lycosa), donated by Miss M. E. Parsons.

8100 specimens of Insects, collected by the Lower Cali-
fornia Expedition.

1300 species of European and Algerian plants, donated
by E. St. C. Cosson, Paris.

300 species of Plants, donated by Department of Agri-
culture.

600 species of Plants, donated by T. S. Brandegee.

II specimens of Birds, donated by Boburt A. A. Wright.
4 specimens of Birds, from various donors.

17 specimens of Birds, donated by L. Belding.
212 specimens Birds, 120 Mammals and 50 Eeptiles, col-
lected by the Lower California Expedition.

PROCEEDINGS. 333

44 specimens of Birds and 20 Mammals, collected by
curator since May.

6 Eggs of Cactus Wren, donated by A. A. Caldwell.

2 Eggs of Sparrow Hawk and 2 of California Screech
Owd, donated by K. M. Price.

10 Eggs of House Finch, donated b}^ Eobert Taylor.
5 Eggs of Barn Owl, donated by R. M. Jones.

3 Nests of Humming Birds, donated by J. B. Kent.

Additions to Library:

From correspondents 42

By purchase. 7

By donation 1

The following papers w^ere read:

The Lower California Expedition of 1889, by Walter E.
Bryant.

The Economy of Nature as Exemplified by "Vegetable and
Animal Parasites, ii, by H. H. Behr.

The Nominating Committee reported the following ticket
for the ensuing year:

President, H. W. Harkness.

First Vice-President, H. H. Belir.

Second Vice-President, George Hewston.

Recording Secretary, J. R. Scupham.

Corresponding Secretarif, F. Gutzkow.

Treasurer, I. E. Thayer.

Librarian, Carlos Troyer.

Director of Mnseiim, J. G. Cooper.

Trustees, C. F. Crocker, J). E. Hayes, S. W. Holladay,
E. J. Molera, George C. Perkins, Irving M. Scott, John
Taylor.

Another ticket was presented differing from the former
only in having Joseph Le Conte for President and.E. S.
Clark for Librarian.

334 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

January 7, 1890. — Annual Meeting.

The President in the chair.

The annual reports of the officers and Board of Trustees
were received and referred to the Publication Committee.

The judges and inspectors of election reported the follow-
ing officers elected for the ensuing year :

H. W. Harkness, President.

H. H. Behr, First Vice-President.

George Hewston, Second Vice-President.

Frederick Gutzkow, Corresponding Secretary.

J. R. ScuPHAM, Recording Secretary.

I. E. Thayer, Treasurer.

Carlos -Troyer, Librarian.

J. G. Cooper, Director of 3Iuseum

Trustees.

Charles F. Crocker, E. J. Molera,

D. E. Hayes, George C. Perkins,

S. W. HoLLADAY, Irving M. Scott,

John Taylor.

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT.

In accordance with the custom which is pursued by this
and kindred societies, we meet this evening to receive the
reports of our officers during the past year and to cast a
retrospective glance upon its history, the pages of which
are about to be closed.

As you have learned by the reports which have been read
this evening, much good work has been accomplished dur-
ing the year, and we enter upon another with renewed con-
fidence.

There are upon the roll of membership the names of two
hundred and fifty-seven members. Five have joined during

PROCEEDINGS. 335

the year and one has resigned. During the year we have
lost five members by death, viz., Adley H. Cummins, Dr.
De Tavel, S. P. Dewey, Seth Cook and F. O. Layman.

The volume of proceedings of the preceding year was
published and distributed early in this, and the proceedings
of the present year will be ready, no doubt, for distribution
within a month from the present date.

The Recording Secretary has been constant in his atten-
dance at the meetings, and has the records of the Academy
in good order. Our Treasurer's report speaks well for his
care and business ability. Large sums have through him
been received and expended, and much confusion in our
accounts would have resulted were it not for his care and
watchfulness.

In his report, the Librarian informs us that large addi-
tions have been made to our library, and our large exchange
list has been increased. By the help of his able assistant,
the books as received have been catalogued, and the results
will be set forth in our annual publication.

The Director of the Museum, owing to demands upon his
time incident to his profession, has been compelled to con-
tent himself with but a general oversight of our collections.

For the lack of room, but a small portion of our collec-
tion is available for study, and no method can be suggested
by which the difficulty can be remedied until removal to
our new and enlarged quarters. Many of our plants and
insects are sufi'ering from the dampness of our rooms; and
the Ward collection, the generous gift of Messrs. Crocker
and Stanford, which is now stored in the basement of the
building, is suffering greatly from a like cause. The large
additions which are being made, serve to remind us that
there is an urgent demand for room not only for our collec-
tions, but also for our Library. There is also urgent need
for the binding of books and pamphlets which are accumu-
lating rapidly.

The members of this Association should ever bear in

336 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

mind that its present and its future success depends upon
the results of the labors of the specialists in the various
departments of our Academy.

In no former period of our history has there been more
zealous and profitable work accomplished.

Most of the curators of the different departments have
performed their work in a manner which is satisfactory to
our society. As was anticipated, however, some of them
were so immersed in business incident to their several voca-
tions that they were unable to complete the work assigned
them. A number of them, however, deserve special men-
tion upon this occasion for zealous and untiring work in the
field and careful and painstaking labor in the work-room.
They have classified and arranged the gleanings in so thor-
ough a manner that they will be of great service, not only
to the workers of the present day, but will become of last-
ing benefit to science in the future.

The Curator of Botany, Mrs. T. S. Brandegee, is de-
serving of the thanks of the well-wishers of this Associa-
tion for the tireless energy with which she has pursued the
work which was assigned her. During the past year she
has visited distant and unfrequented localities in the inter-
est of her department, and very large and valuable addi-
tions to the Herbarium have been made as the result of her
energetic work, and our publications bear evidence of care-
ful and painstaking study in her department.

To Mr. T. S. Brandegee the Society is also indebted for
valuable donations of plants collected on the peninsula of
Lower California, and our publication is enriched by a
monograph by him describing the more important plants
which he secured. Undertaking at his own expense the
exploration of that interesting field, he traversed nearly
the entire length of the peninsula and brought to us as a
result nearly 1,000 species of the fiora of that region.

Our Curator in Ornithology, Walter E. Bryant, deserves
the thanks of the Society for constant and unremitting

PROCEEDINGS. 337

attention to his department of scientific work. Early in
the year he embarked for Lower California and for mouths
was engaged in the exploration of the conntry extending
north from Magdalena Bay nearly to the California boundary.
During that period he made a large collection of birds, 216
in number, and of mammals 121, which, it is needless to
say, will be of the greatest value to our collection.

In addition to the work performed in Lower California,
Mr. Bryant has been actively engaged since his return in
the collection of our local fauna, besides recording the re-
sults of his year's labor, which will appear in the forthcom-
ing volume of our proceedings.

To Mr. Bryant we are indebted for a revival of interest
iu ornithological work, and his department, heretofore much
neglected, will, we feel confident, take the position in future
to which it is justly entitled.

From Mr. Chas. Haines, who visited Lower California in
the employ of the Academy, we have a valuable collection
of insects of about 1000 species.

Numerous papers have been presented which in number
and value will compare favorably with those of any preced-
ing year.

From the report of the Trustees it will be seen that our
new building is progressing towards completion, and we
may hope at no distant day to be in possession of quarters
well adapted to our work.

KEPORT OF THE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.

The correspondence of the xlcademy during 1889 referred
principally to the distribution of Vol. 1, New Series of our
Proceedings, and to contributions to our library. There
were received more than three hundred communications on
that subject. It is gratifying to notice that the publica-
tions of the Academy have been in lively demand by kin-

2d Ser., Vol. II. ( 23 )

338 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

dred societies in all parts of the globe and that offers of
exchange have reached us from many scientific institutions
with which we had previously no intercourse. There were
written twenty-three letters, of some extent in addition to
the customary short notices of the Librarian. At the com-
mencement of the 3^ear a circular was printed and distrib-
uted among our foreign correspondents, directing their
attention to the lacunae existing in their publications, as
shown in the catalogue of our library (which formed an
appendix to our last issue), and requesting their co-opera-
tion in filling the same. This contributed much to save
time, postage and reiterations. Of the 1500 printed copies
of our last publication, about 250 were distributed to our
members and about 600 to correspondents abroad.

REPOET OF THE TEEASUEER.

Submitting to you the following report of the business
for the year just closed, your Treasurer has not attempted
to segregate the details of the receipts and disbursements
as closely as has been done in former years.

When the disbursements of the Academy were confined
chiefly to rents, salaries, taxes, etc., it was customary for
the Treasurer to report under those heads the amount ex-
pended.

The wider range of transactions for the past year incident
to the erection of our new building, embraces more details
than comes to the knowledge of your Treasurer.

The constitution places the management of all financial
matters in the hands of your Trustees, who keep complete
books of account, and by whom all receipts and disburse-
ments are debited or credited to their proper account; and
I refer you to the report they will submit for such partic-
ulars as are not embraced in the general summary I here-
with present.

PROCEEDINGS. 339

Balance in bank, January 1, 1889 $2,936 06

Dues Active Members 11,251 00

Interest on Crocker Fund 1,200 00

Interest on money loaned 1,375 00

Cash from Lick Trustees 288,969 40

Kent of Fence (front of Market St.

Property) 425 00

293,220 40

|296yi56~46

January 1, 1890, balance in bank $25,164 58

By amount disbursed from Crocker

Fund as per vouchers $960 00

By amount disbursed from Gen-
eral Fund as per vouchers 270,029 93

By Collection Charges on Eastern

Check 25

By Interest on Overdraft 1 70

270,991 88

$296^156" 46

SUMMARY — GENERAL FUND.

Balance on hand January 1, 1889 . $2,185 04
Keceipts 'i92,020 40

$294,205 44
Disbursements 270,031 88

Balance, January 1, 1890 $24,173 66

CROCKER FUND.

Balance on hand January 1, 1889. $751 02

Receipts .\ . . 1,200 00

"$l79'5r02
Disbursements 960 00

Balance, January 1, 1890 ~7~^~ . . 991 02

$25,164 58

340 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

KEPOKT OF THE LIBRARIAN.

The 37th Annual Report of the Librarian for the year
1889 is respectfully submitted.

The accessions to the Library during the past year num-
ber 2193, of which 1858 publications have been received
from 101 domestic and 218 foreign correspondents, 65 by
donation and 270 by purchase.

Donations have been received from Melville Attwood, A.
Blytt, Ferdinando Bosari, W. E. Bryant, Lie. Eustaquio
Buelna, Chas. Burckhalter, Thos. L. Casey, Maurice Chaper,
F. L. Clarke, Ernest 8t.C. Cosson, M. K. Curran, James
D. Dana, D. C. Danielssen, Gen. Thos. Ewing, Capt. M.
Fletcher, R. Gottgetreu, F. Lambertenghi, Geo. N. Law-
rence, Dr. Castro Lopez, A. Marques, James E. Mills, H.
H. Moore, J. S. Newberry, Zelia Nuttall, F. F. Payne, E.
Regel, Dr. Saint-Lager, C. S. Sargent, Henri de Saussure,
Robert Schram, F. Lamson Scribner, R. E. C. Stearns,
Prof. W. Trelease, Dr. J. B. Trembley, Dr. Sereno Watson.

The following publications have been subscribed for :

Nature, The Ibis, Journal of Botany, Annals and Maga-
zine of Natural History, Science, Memoirs of the Torrey
Club, The American Naturalist, Century Dictionary, West
American Scientist.

A detailed list of the Additions to the Library is pub-
lished with the volume of Proceedings for the year.

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE MUSEUM.

The past year has been one of increased activity in the
growth of collections in nearly all branches, both by the
work of our collectors in Lower as well as Upper Califor-
nia, and through the liberal contributions of members and
friends. There is no doubt that with new and sufficient ac-
commodations the Museum will make a highly valuable

PROCEEDINGS. 341

and interesting display, while it will also increase faster
through exciting more public interest. The Curators' re-
ports show that there have been large accessions both in
Zoology and Botany during 1889, with some increase also
in the other departments. The want of means for working
at specimens and for making exchanges of duplicates with
other institutions has always been a drawback to the proper
development of the Museum, and cannot be remedied until
the new building is occupied. The collections on hand
continue to be as carefully preserved as circumstances will
permit, but want of room allows of the exhibition of only a
part of them. Considering that most of the Curators have
worked without compensation until within a few years past,
the condition of the Museum is highly encouraging.

The accessions which are not included in the Curators'
reports are classified as follows :

Anthony J A. W., San Diego, Cal. : 2 living specimens of
Xerohates agassizii.

Attv)ood, Melville, San Francisco: 1 specimen of vein
matter.

Behr, Dr. H. H. , San Francisco : 1 specimen of larval
form of Ameles mexicana.

B elding, L., Stockton, Cal.: Specimens of fresh water
shells, Margaritana falcata, Limnea stagnalis, Physa hlandii
and Fompholyx sp.? ; also 3 small fish from Lake Tahoe.

Bliss, Walter D., Carson City, Nev. : 1 living specimen of
Arachnidce.

BurcJi, John F., San Luis Obispo County (through
Charles F. Crocker) : 1 fossil pyster shell.

Bitrnham, C. H., San Francisco : Piece of fossil tusk col-
lected by P. D. Eckardt.

Chaper, Maurice, Paris, France : 88 species of shells.

Clark, Dr. E. S., San Francisco : 1 specimen of Eemora
squalipeta, from near Sandwich Islands.

342 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Coiven, Hiss Alice, Oakland, Gal. : 2 specimens (2 species)
land shells, from Monterey County.

Cox, Jerome B., San Francisco : 1 specimen of early stage
of Selachianoid fish from Sitka Bay, Alaska.

Burden, H, S., San Francisco : Insects from Durango,
Mexico.

Eloesser, Leo, San Francisco : Shark's jaws, complete.

Gutzkoiv, Frederick, San Francisco : Specimen of limonite.

Haines, C. D., Oakland, Gal.: 5 specimens of Ctenucha
rmdtifaria.

Joseph, James, San Francisco: Specimen of young OrtJiop-
tera.

Lorqidn, E. t., San Francisco: 56 specimens of insects,
mostly Ortlwptera.

Lower California Expedition of 1889: 8100 specimens of
insects; 50 reptiles in alcohol.

McAllister, Bev. A. A., U.S.F.S. Chicago: Model of Sa-
moan canoe.

McAllister, Bev. A. A. (through Gen. J. F. Houghton): B
specimens of Samoan tapa.

McGregor, B. C, San Francisco: 920 specimens insects; 6
specimens of Pholas; specimens of fossil shells; specimens
of reptiles in alcohol; 3 crustaceans; specimens of galena
and 18 specimens Echinoderms.

Newcomhe, B, 3L, Napa Gounty, Galifornia: Specimen of
cinnabar.

Parsons, Miss 31. E.:l specimen Arachnidce (Lycosa?).

Precht, Carl, San Francisco (through Dr. H. H. Behr) r
1 specimen Cryptohranchus in alcohol.

Qidnn, J. C, Oakland, Gal.: 2 living specimens Crotaliis
cerastes, from Mojave Desert.

Bandall, James, San Quintin, Lower Gal. : Specimen of
sea salt from Lower Galifornia.

Bedding, J. D., San Francisco: 1 specimen of Moxostoma
sp.?

PROCEEDINGS. 343

Bedlich, J., San Francisco: 1 specimen of Crypiocliiton
stelleri.

Rixford, G. P., San Francisco: 40 specimens of willow
apliis (LacJinus dentatus).

Rossi, P., San Francisco: A hen's egg containing two
specimens of gordins and a fungous growth.

Shorh, J. de Earth, Anaheim, Cal.: Specimen of chal-
cedony.

Spiers, James, ?an Francisco : 1 living specimen of Xtro-
hates agassizii.

State Mining Bureau, San Francisco: 1 living specimen
Birgus latro.

Tliayer, Fhillijo, Oakland, Cal. : 1 specimen Prionus.

Torrey, F. G. , Oakland, Cal. : 425 specimens, about 200
species, Coleoptera.

Troyer, Carlos, San Francisco: 140 specimens of insects;
90 specimens of Coleoptera.

Wentworth, C. A., San Francisco: 1 Octopus and 1 young
shark in alcohol.

Wright, Fred. B., San Francisco: Specimen of wood con-
taining acorns deposited by the Californian Woodpecker.

REPORT UPON THE DEPARTMENT OP MAMMALS AND BIRDS.

By Walteb E. Bryant, Curator.

Unitil the middle of February, 1889, the curator's time
was mainly occupied by preparations for an expedition to
Lower California and in assisting to organize the California
Ornithological Club, in addition to routine duties.

Upon his return from Lower California a report was com-
menced upon the ornithology of that trip, in which is in-
cluded the results of his investigations made in 1888, and
the researches of all earlier explorers, making it an anno-
tated catalogue of the birds of Lower California, the first
one to be published.

344 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Two other papers have been published, one upon four
kinds of undescribed birds' eggs, the other descriptive of
two new mammals. Another paper, upon the genus Am-
hlystoma and its allies, was read August 19. The museum
circular, No. 2, treating of methods for preparing mammals
and birds has been long delayed from publication owing to
the lack of suitable provision being made for the proper
care of the fresh material when received. Heretofore the
preparation of specimens received in the flesh has de-
volved upon the curator, and almost invariably when time
could not well be spared for it.

The study collection of mammals and birds is greatly in
need of additional specimens from various localities on this
coast, and it is hoped that the society will recognize the
importance of adding largely to the collection during the
coming year and provide facilities for obtaining the same.

No change has been made the past year in the exhibition
collection, nor is it desirable to do so until other accommo-
dations are available for the better display of the speci-
mens.

In the study collection the arrangement has been the
same as the year before, no change being practicable until
unlimited space and suitable cases are furnished for its re-
ception. The study series has so far outgrown the space
allotted to it that the temporary disposal of it in boxes
makes it often difficult to readily find certain specimens
when wanted.

The encroachment of routine work upon that of investi-
gation and publication has prevented the complete labeling
and cataloguing of part of the acquisitions for the year, and
prevented certain field studies at times when climatic cir-
cumstances presented opportunities that come but seldom
in a life time. I refer to the recent long continued rains,
when inundated districts, notably parts of the Sacramento
Yalley and marshes of the Bay shore, ofi'ered rare induce-
ments for the study and collection of mammals.

PROCEEDINGS. 345

Could these clerical duties have been placed in the care
of some competent assistant, the field work of 1889 and its
results might have long stood unequaled in regard to valu-
able accessions and interesting information for publication.

The field work that has been done consists of a three and
one-half months' expedition to Lower California ; about
three weeks spent at different times in Sonoma Count}^ ;
tw^o trips of a week each to Monterey County, and a few
excursions of a day each in the vicinity of San Francisco ;
in all about five months of field work, including time con-
sumed in traveling.

An attempt was made in Oakland to study certain small
mammals in captivity, but owdng to inability to give con-
stant daily care to the subjects that had been secured it
was not successful.

Four collections of birds have been received on deposit
for safe keeping and the use of the curator, they aggregate
4711 specimens, apportioned as follows :

Collection of W. W. Price, 2303

'' F.O.Johnson, 1070

'* K. C. McGregor, 943

" T. S. Palmer, 395

During the year several small lots of birds' skins have
been received for identification and returned, named, to the
owners.

Twenty-nine specimens have been borrowed for examina-
tion and two loaned for the same purpose.

Keceived by donation from :

Badger, Geo. B., San Leandro, Cal. : 7 Ayvicola in flesh.

Belding, L., Stockton, Cal.: 48 birds' skins from various
localities.

Bliss, W. D., Carson City, Nev. : 1 specimen Chiroptera in
flesh.

Bliss, JV. S., Carson, City, Nev.: Albescent specimen of
Tamias asiacticus quadivittatus.

346 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Bryant, D. S., Healdsburg, Cal. : 3 Hesperomys sp.? and
1 Spermophilus grammurus douglassi, in flesh.

Bryant, Walter E., Curator: 46 birds' skins; 19 mammal
skins.

Caldwell, A. A., Oakland, Cal. : 6 eggs of Campylorhynchus
brunneicapillus.

Comstock, Chas. N., Oakland, Cal. : 1 Accipiter velox, and 1
Dryohates puhescens gairdneri in flesh.

Dickinson, Col. P. T., Alameda, Cal.: 1 nest and 4 eggs
of Passer domesticus.

Dodd, Mrs. W. J., San Francisco: 4 skins of young Alcidce
and 4 sea birds' eggs from Alaska.

Emerson, W. Otto, Hajwards, Cal. : 1 skin of Thomomys
talpoides hulhivorus with cranium; 7 young Mas sp ?

Fiebig, Charles, Eureka, Cal. : Mounted specimens of
Urinator imher, Ceophloeus pileatus and Phalavopus lohatus.

Johnson, F. 0., Oakland, Cal.: 1 skin of Tamias asiaticus
macrohabdotes; 1 mounted Ereunetes pusillus, and 2 mounted
foreign birds.

Jones, B. 31., Oakland, Cal. : 5 eggs of Strix pratincola.

Kellogg, Chas. W., Oakland, Cal.: 1 Dafila acuta in flesh.

Kent, J. B., Oakland, Cal. : 3 nests of Trochilidce.

Knox, Chas. W., Oakland, Cal. : 1 Asio accipitrinus in flesh"

Lorquin, E. F, San Francisco: 5 heads of CalUpepla.

Lower California Expedition of 1SS9 : 216 bird skins; 121
mammal skins.

Macaidey, S., Tauranga, N. Z. (through J. W. Wrenn,
San Francisco) : 1 skin of Athene novce-zealandice.

McGregor, R. C, San Fraucisco: 4 skins of Ihmias asiati-
cus townsendi; 8 skins of Hesperomys sp.? and 1 skin Arctomys
flaviventer with crania; also 4 foeti of Hesperomys in alcohol;
8 skins of Otocoris alp?stris ruhea; 1 skin of Petrochelidon
lunifrons; 5 Tamias asiaticus townsendi and 1 Sciurus fossor
in flesh; 26 birds' stomachs; 1 skin Scolecophagus cyano-
cephalus, and 40 other skins Californian birds.

PROCEEDINGS. 347

Morse, S. B., San Francisco: 1 Tamias asiaticus owusendti
in llesli.

Price, W. W., Oakland, Gal.: 2 skins of Tamias asiaticus
meter ohahdotes; 1 skin of Scalops toivnsencU; 1 mounted speci-
men each of Tamias striatus and Spermophilus triclecemlineatiis.

Price, R. M., Oakland, Cal. : 2 eggs of Falco sjmrverius,
and 2 eggs of Megascojos asio hendirei.

Stephenson, C. V., Oakland, Cal.: 1 skin of Colaptes ca/er,

Streator, Clark P., San Francisco: 18 skins of birds from
British Columbia.

Taylor, Bohert, Oakland, Cal. : 10 eggs of Carpodacus mexi-
canusfrontcdis.

Vaslit, F. H., San Francisco: 1 cranium each of Canis
Icdrans, Mep)liitis mephitica and Vidpes sp.?

Winston^ B. C.^ Oakland, Cal.: 1 Didelphys virginiana in
flesh.

Wright, Boht. A. A., S.S. Zealandia: 11 bird skins from
Alaska and Siberia.

Zimmermann, William, San Miguel, Cal. : 1 nest of Icterus
bullocki.

Received by purchase, 19.

REPORT UPON THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY.

By Katharine Brandegee, Curator.

The cases allotted to the herbarium are all full, and the
accessions for the past year, as well as all other plants which
maybe received, can only be poisoned and tied in packages
until the long hoped for new qjiarters are ready.

The herbarium has received the following additions dur-
ing the 3^ear :

By donation from :

Anderson, Dr. C. L., Santa Cruz, Cal.: A valuable fasci-
cle of mounted algoi.

348 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Brandegee, Katharine, Curator: 1875 species from various
localities.

Brandegee, T. S., Sau Francisco: 1000 species.

Buchninster, P. S., Angels, Cal.: 200 species.

Cosson, Ernest St. C, Paris, France: 1300 species Euro-
pean and Algerian plants.

Geological Survey of Canada: 200 species.

McCormick, Ensign, and Chas. H. Townsend, U.S.F.C.S.
Albatross: 70 species.

Rixford, G. P., San Francisco: 100 species.

From various friends and members, about 200 species.

By exchange from :

Department of Agriculture: 400 species.

Trelease, Prof Wm., Shaw School of Botany: 300 species.

KEPORT OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES.

By Charles F. Crocker, President.

The Board of Trustees of the Academy, in accordance
with the provisions of Section 4 of the Constitution, pre-
sents herewith its annual report for the year 1889 :

Members of the Board duly elected, met in the office of
the Trustees January 21st, and organized by electing Charles
F. Crocker, President, S. W. HoUaday, President pro tern.,
and Charles Steplnuis, Secretary.

Duly executed bonds of the Treasurer and Director of
Museum were received, examined and approved in accord-
ance with the provisions of Section 3 of the Constitution;
subsequently, the bond of the Librarian was received and
approved. A Prudential Committee was appointed, con-
sisting of Trustees Holladay, Perkins and Molera.

The Board immediately began the consideration of plans
and contracts for the construction of the Academy building
on Market street, and contracts were made at different dates

PROCEEDINGS. 349

which, at the present time, nearly cover the construction of
the entire building, and the work has progressed as rapidly
as we could reasonably expect considering the very substan-
tial nature of the work and the delay in obtaining a suffi-
cient supply of certain kinds of material. A competent and
reliable superintendent was appointed, whose duty it is to
examine and report on all materials used, and exercise a
general control over the contractors for the benefit of the
Academy. We expect the Academy will be able to occupy
its new quarters before the expiration of the present year.

A number of communications were received during the
year from the Council, asking for appropriations of money
to defray the necessary expenses for carrying on scientific
investigation and for the publication of the proceedings of
of the Academy and bulletins. These requests were granted
in each instance, and form a much heavier item of expense
than usual for such purposes.

In February, the attorney of the Board was instructed to
bring suit to defend the right and title of the Academy to
the lot on First Avenue near Point Lobos Avenue, which
had been taken possession of by the City authorities and
upon which a school-house has been erected. This suit is
now in course of litigation.

In July, your Board of Trustees was notified by the Lick
Trustees that they would not continue to loan money in
small sums, as requested from time to time, upon the note
of the Academy, but that they would require a note and a
mortgage of the Market street property to be executed to
the Lick Trustees for $300,000 or $350,000, and that the
Trustees of the Academy must receive in cash the difference
between what had already been advanced and the total
amount to be loaned. Application was made by the Attor-
ney of the Board to the Superior Court of this City and
County for permission to mortgage the property on Market
street as above. The application was heard on the 9th day

350 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

of August, and thereupon an order was made granting per-
mission to execute said mortgage. Accordingly, on tiie 2d
of September, a note and mortgage for 5^^300,000 i were
signed, the interest upon previous notes adjusted to that
date, and the difference received in cash ; of which amount,
$150,000 not considered necessary for immediate use was
loaned out on demand with good security.

A settlement was made with Miss Flood, the owner of
the adjoining building, for the ownership of the party wall,
according to a contract which had been made in 1887, and
14,500 was paid.

The receipts from the Crocker Scientific Investigation
Fund have amounted to $1,200, and the disbursements for
expenses properly chargeable to it were 1960.00.

The Museum, Library, and all personal property of the
Academy is in good condition, but we realize that the com-
pletion of the new building, and removal of the books and
collections of specimens to a dry and fire-proof building
will be a great advantage.

The Bank of California was selected as a depository for
the funds of the Academy. The bonds belonging to the
Crocker Scientific Investigation Fund, deeds, contracts and
all valuable papers are kept in a box rented for the purpose
in the vaults of the Safe Deposit Company.

Inasmuch as some discussion and communication has
been had between members of the Academy and the Board
of Trustees, relative to certain matters of detail in the
construction of the new building, and more particularly
relative to a contract which was made for concrete beams
and flooring, your Trustees have thought proper to make
reference to the matter in this report, saying that the most
careful and searching inquiry was made into this manner of
construction, in which all of the Trustees, as well as the
architect, took part, and subsequently, after portions of the
work had been finished, it was submitted to practical tests,
which were successful in every particular, and the Trustees
Avere unanimous in adopting this method of construction.

INDEX.

Abronia 117

gracilis 198

maritima 198

umbellata 198, 199

Abutilon Calif ornicum 134

crispum 134

incaniim 134

Jacquini 134

Lemmoni 134

Palrueri 134

Acacia 153

Farnesiana 153

Wrightii 153

Acalypba Californica . . 222

Comonduana 222

Acantbicus 46

genibarbis 46

bystrix 46

Accipitercooperi 279

velox 279

Acentronichthys 28

leptos 28, 29

Acestra 32

Acbyronycbia 132

Actinemys marmorata 236

Actitis macularia 273

Adenostoma fasciculata 154

Adiantum Capillus-Veneris 215

Adolpbia Californica 143

^cbmopborus occidentalis 249

^gialitis montaua 275

nivosa 272, 274

semipalmata 274

vocif era 274

■wilsonia 275

^scbynomene nivea 150

^sculus Parryi 143

Agave 124, 208

anrea 207

deserti 208

Haucbucensis 208

Margaritas 206

Sbawii 207

sobria 208-

Agelaius gubernator 294

pbceuiceus 294

tricolor 294

Agrostis verticillata 213

Albatross, black-footed , 252

sbort-tailed 252

Allionia incarnata 198

malacoides 198

Allium 121

Calif ornicum . 209

Aloe 209

Alvordia 174

glomerata 174

Amarantus Palmeri 199

Amblyopappus pusillus 178

Ambrosia 171

Ammannia latif olia 155

Ammodramus beldingi 299

rostratus 299

guttatus 298

saudwicbensis alaudinus 298

eavannarum perpallidus 300

Ampelis cedrorum 306

Am pbispiza belli 302

bilineata 302

Amsinckia intermedia 188

Anas americana 265

boscbas 265

carolinensis 265

cyauoptera , 266

discors 265

strepera 265

Ancistrus 47

calamitus 4.7, 48

cbagresi 47

cirrbosus 47^ 48

dubius 47, 48

doUchopterus 48

duodecimalis 45

guacharote 43

boplogeuys 47, 48

lnucosticus 47, 48

longimauus 44

stigmaticus 47, 48

temmiukii 47, 48

Andropogon macrourus 212

Anemopsis Californica 204

Ani, groove-billed. 285

Anoda crenatiflora 133

bastata , 133

pentascbista 133

Anser albifrous gambeli 267

352

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Anthiis cervinus 313

pensilvanicus 313

Antigonon leptopns 204

Antirrhininn cyathiferum 190

jnnceiim 190

subsessile 190

Watsoui 190

A. O. U. Revised List, Omissiou from.. 89

Aphelocoma californica 75, 293

hypoleuca 24, 293

obscura 75, 76, 293

Aphyllon Californicum 192

Cooperi 193

Apiastrum angustifolium 165

Aplopapptis arenarius 168

ciineatus 168

gracilis 168

spiuulosus 168

vernicosus 168

Apocynum Cannabinum 182

Aqviila chrysaetos 28 1

Arabis 126, 127

arciiata 126

Aralia scopulorum 165

Arctostaphylos bicolor 181

Arclea candidissima 269

egretta 268

berodias 268

rufescens 269

tricolor ruflcoUis 269

virescens frazari 269

Arenariainterpres 275

melanocephala 275

Argemone Mexicana, var. alba 126

Argythamnia 220

Brandegei 220

lauceolata 222

sericopbylla, var. verrncosemiua.. 221

serrata ' 221

var. Magdalense 221

Aristida bromoides 212

Californica 212

var. major 212

scabra 212

Schiediana 212

Aristolochia brevipes, var. acuminata.. 204

Arracacia Brandegei 165

Artemisia 180

Californica 180

Ludoviciana 180

Asclepias albicans 183

erosa 183

subulata 183

Asio accipitrinus 284

■wilsouianus 283

Aspidonectes Calif orniana. 233. 234, 235 235

Emoryi 235

spinifer 234

Aspredinidtthys 50

Aspredo 50

batrachus 50

nematophorus 50

sex-cirrhis 50

spectrum 50

Astemomycterus 55

pusillus 55

Aster 170

exilis 169

Palmeri 169

spinosns 169

Astragalus , 149 189

candidissimus 149

Hornii 149

leucopsis 149

Nuttallianus 149

oocarpus 149

Orcuttianus 149

triflorus 149

Atamisquea 118

emargiuata 128

Atriplex 120, 121

Barclayana 200

Californica 200

canescens 200

curvidens 201

julncea 200

linearis 200

lurida 200

Magdalenfe 200, 232

microcarpa 200

Audibertia Palmeri 198

polystachya 198

Auklet, Cassin's 250

rhinoceros 250

Auriparus flaviceps 318

Avicennia 123

nitida 197

A vocet, American 271

Ayenia Berlandieri 137

pnsilla 137

Ay thya aflfinis 266

americana 266

collaris 266

Baccharis glutinosa 170

sarothroides 170

Baeria 178

gracilis 178

Baileya multiradiata 177

Baja California, Collection of Plants
from 117

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

353

Baja California, Collection of Plants

from Ill

Petrographical Notes from 7

Baldpate 265

Basilinna xantnsi 289

Basalt 12

Batarrea phalloicles 231

Bealia Mexicana 212

Bebbia atriplicifolia 180

juncea 180

Beloperone Californica 193, 194

var. conferta 194

hians 194

Berberis Fremont! 126

Bergia Texana 133

Berginia virgata 195

Bernardia 222

myricsef olia 222

viridis 223

Bidens pilosa 176

Bigelovia brachylepis 169

diffusa 169

veneta 169

Birds, Nests and Eggs of Lower Cali-

f orniau 20

new from Lower California 73

of lower California, Catalogue of.. 237

Biscutella Californica 128

Bittern, American 268

Blackbird, bicolored 294

Brewer's 295

red-winged 294

rusty 295

tricolored 294

yellow-headed 294

Bluebird, Anabel's 79, 320

mountain 320

western 320

Boerhaavia 189

elongata 199

erecta 199

polymorpha 199

scandens 199

viscosa 199

Booby 253

blue-footed 253

Brewster's 253

Botaurus lentigi nosus 268

Bouteloua aristidoides 213

bromoides 213

polystachya 213

Bracbyramphus craveri 251

hypoleucus 250

Brant, black

Branta canadensis hutchinsii

nigricans

Brickellia Coulter!

frutescens

hastata

Brodisea capitata

Palmer!

Bromus segetiim

Bubo virginianus subarcticus

Buffle-head

Bumelia ,

Bunocephalichthys

bj-psiurus ,

Bunocephalidse

Bunocephalus

aleuropsis

bicolor

gronovii

knerii

melas

6cabr!ceps

verrucosus

Bunting, beautiful

lark

lazuli

Biirsera 118, 124,

Hindsiana 117, 125, 138,

var. rhoifolium

microphylla 138,

odorata

pubescens

Bush-Tit, Californian

Griuda's...'.

Buteo abbreviatus

borealis calurus

lucasanus

lineatus elegans

swainsoui

Csesalpinia Palmeri ,

pannosa

Calamospiza melanocorys

Calandrinia caulescens

mxritima

Calidris arenaria

Calliandra Californica

Callipepla californica vallicola

gambeli

Calochortus luteus

splendens

Camarosporium Patagonicum

Campylorhyuchus affinis

brunueicapillus

267

267

267

168

168

168

209

209

214

284

267

182

48

48

48

48

48

48

48

48

48

49

48

305

805

305

205

188

138

204

138

140

317

317

280

280

280

280

280

151

150

305

132

132

272

154

276

277

209

209

232

315

315

2d Ser., Vol. II.

( 24)

354

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Caracara. Audubon's 282

Guadalupe 282

Cardamine Palmeri 126

Cardiual, St. Lucas 304

Cardinalis cardiualis igneus 304

Cardiospermum Halicacabum 142

tortuosum 142

Carex 210

Carlowrightia 189

cordifolia 195

Carpodacus amplus 297

frontalis 24

ruberrimus 23, 297

mexicanus frontalis 296

ruberrimus 296

Cassia Covesii 152

occidentalis 152

Castela tortuosa 138

Castilleia Bryanti 192

foliolosa 192

stenantha 192

Cathartes aura 278

Catberpes mexicanus punctulatus 315

Celosia floribunda 199

Celtis pallida 205

reticulata 205

Cenehrus 124

echinatus 211

myosuroides 211

Palmeri , 211

pauciflorus 211

Centrophorus 55

Cerastium 131

Cereus 124, 161, 163

Cocbal 162

Emoryi 162

Engelmanni 162

Eruca 163

gonacanthus 161

gummosus 162

maritimus 162

phceniceus, var. Pacificus 161

Pringlei 118, 121, 162

Schottii 163

Thurberi 162

Cerocampides 94,95

Cerorhiuca monocerata 250

Ceryle alycon 286

Cetopsis 50

Chaenactis carphoclinia 179

stevioides , 179

tenuifolia 179

Chsetostomus 43, 46:

alga 48

branickii 46.

bufonius 46'v

dermorhynchus 4ft

erinaceus 46

fisheri 46:.

guairensis 46.

gymnorhynchus 46

jelskii. 46

latifrons 46

loborhynchus 46

macro ps 46

malacops 46

microps 46

nigrolineatus 44

nudiceps 46

nudirostris 46

sericeus 46

stannii 46

taczanowskii 46

tectirostris 46

variolosus 46

Chaetura vauxii 288;

Chamaea f asciata henshawi 317

Charadrius squatarola 274, 275.

Charitonetta albeola 267

Chat, long-tailed 312.

Cheilanthes 215

Lindheimeri 215

microphylla 215

myriophylla 215-

Seemanni 215

Wrightii 215

Chelidon erythrogaster 306

Chenopodium album 199>

murale 199

Chickadee, mountain 317

Chilopsis saligna 122, 193, 232

Chitonia 137

Chloris alba 213

Chondestes grammacus strigatus SOO

Chord eiles texeusis 288-

Chorizanthe 121

corrugata 202

flava 202

mutabilis 20*

pulchella 203

rigida 202

Chrysemys Oregonensis 236

Cinosternum Doubledayi 236

Sonoriense 236

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

355

Circiis hudsonius 278

Cistothorus palustris paludicola 316

Citharexylum flabellif orme 197

Clangula hyemalis 87, 88

Clematis pauciflora 126

Cleomearborea 128

tenuis 128

Cneoridium duniosum 138

Cniciis 180,181

Neo-Mexicanus 180

Coccyzus americanus occidentalis 286

Cochliodon 44

cochliodon 44

hyposiomus 44

Colaptes caf er 287

chrysoides 287

ruflpileus 287

Coldenia angelica 187

canescens 187

Colubrina glabra 143

Columba fasciata vioscse 277

Columbigallina passerina pallescens .. 278

Colymbus dorainicus 250

nigricollis californicus 249

Condalia Mexicana 143

spathulata 143

Conobea Intermedia 191

multifida 191

Contopus borealis 291

richardsonii 291

Conyza Coulter! 170

Coot, American 271

Cordia angustif olia 187

Oreggii 187

Palmeri 187

Cordylanthus maritimus 192

Orcuttianus 192

Coriandrum sativum 165

Cormorant, Baird's 257

Brandt's 257

Farallon 253

Corvus americanus 293

corax sinuatus 293

Corynopoma albipinne 114

riisei 113, 114

searlesii 114

veedonia 114

Cotula coronopifolia 180

Cotyledon 155

attenuata 155

edulis 155

pulverulenta 155

rubens 155

Cotylephorus 50

Cowbird, dwarf 294

Crane, sandhill 270

Cressa cretica 188

Crossbill, Mexican 298

Crossosoma Bigelovii 126

Croton Californicus 220, 232

ciliato-glaudulosus 219

Magdalenae 220

Crotophaga sulcirostris 285

Crow, American 293

Crymophilus fulicarius 271

Cuckoo, California 286

Cupressus Guadalupensis 216

Curators , reports of 343, 347

Cucurbita 160

cordata 160

palmata 160

Curlew, Hudsonian 274

long-billed 273

Cuscuta 189

patens 183

Veatchii 189

Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus 293

Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis 293

Cyclanthera monosperma 159

Cyclonic Winds 97

Cylindropuntia 164

Cyperus 210

aristatus 210

laevigatus 210

speciosa 210

Cyprinus cepkolus 105

cylindricus 105

Cypseloides niger 288

Dafila acuta 266

Dalea 145

Benthami 148

canescens 145

chrysorrhiza 145

diffusa 145

divaricata 145

Emoryi.. 147

evanescens 146

formosa 147

megacarpa 148

mollis 216

Parryi 145

ramosissima 145, 146

Schottii 148

Seemanni 146

spinosa 122, 148

tinctoria 147

356

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Dalea tiuctoria var. arenaria 147

vetula 146

Danima Banksiae 96

Datura discolor 190

meteloides 190

Daucus pusillus 165

Delphinium cardinale 126

Consolida 126

Parishii 126

Delturiis 45

angulicauda 45

parahybfe 45

Dendrocygna f ulva 267

Dendroica aestiva 309

auduboni 309

bryanti castaneiceps 309

nigrescens 309

occidentalis 310

townsendi .... 309

Desmanthus.... 152

virgatus 152

Diabase 15

Dianthera Souorae 195

Dicliptera resupinata 196

Diomedia albatrus 252

nigripes 252

Diorite 2

Diplachne Brandegei 213

dubia 213

var. aristata 213

imbricata , 213

viscida 213

Distichlii maritima 214

Doassausia Alismatis 231

Dodonsea viscosa 142

Doradinae 50

Dove, Mexican ground 278

mourning 277

white-winged 277

Dowitcher, long-billed 272

Draba cuneifolia 126

Drymaria crassifolia 13]

debilis 131

viscosa 131

Dryobates nuttallii 286

scalaris lucasanus 286

villosus harrisii 286

Dryocampa Riversii 94

Duck, lesser scaup , . 266

ring-necked 266

ruddy 267

Dysichtbys 50

coracoides 50

Dysodia anthemidif olia 179

porophylloides 179

Eagle, bald 281

golden 281

Echinocactus Wislizeni 161

Echinocereus 161, 164

Echinocystis Bigelovii 215

minima 159, 216

Echinodorus 209, 231

Ecliptaalba 172

Egret, American , 268

reddish 269

Elauus leucurus 278

Eleocharis arenicola , 210

palustris 210

rostellata 210

Eleusine .Egyptiaca 213

Ellisia chrysanthemifolia 185

Elymus Orcuttiauus 214

Elytraria tridentata 193

Emmenanthe peuduliflora 185

Empidonax ciueritius 291

difficilis 88, 89, 291

griseus 292

hammondi 89, 292

Nests and Eggs, Identification of.. 88

obscurus , 89, 292

pusillus 88, 89, 291

Encelia Californica 175

conspersa 176

eriocephala 216

laciniata 175

nivea ., 173

Paliueri 176

radians 176

ventorum 175

Entomological Contributions 91

Ephedra Nevadeusis 205, 232

Epipactes gigantea 205

Eragrostis major 214

Mexicana 214

minor 214

Purshii 214

reptaus 214

Ereicotis 1C6

Eremophilus 53

mutisii 53

Ereunetes occidentalis 272

Erigeron Canadensis 170

divergens 170

Eriogonum 121, 189, 202

Abertianum 201

augulosum 201

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

357

Eriogonum elongatum 201

fasciculatum 201

fastigiatum 201

gracile 201

insigne 202

irretitum 202

Orcuttiauum 201

reniforme 202

taxif olium 202

Thomasi 201

Tburberi 201

Eriophylliim lanosum 178

Erismatura rubida 267

Erodium cicutariiim 138

Texanum 138

Eryngium 165

Erythea armata 209

Erythrsea Douglasii 184

Muhleubergii 18i

venusta 184

Erythrinin?e, A Review of the 100

Erythrinus 101, 105

brasiliensis 103

brevicauda 107

cinereus 106

erytbrinus , 105, 107

gronovii 107

kessleri 106

longipinnis 106, 108

macrodon 103

micTocephalus 103

salmoneus 105, 107

salvus 105, 107

trahira 102

unitaeniatus 105, 106, 116

vittatus 106

Eschscholtzia Californica 126

Esox malabaricus 102

Eucheira 92, 93

Menapia 93, 94

socialls 92, 93, 9t

Terlootii 93, 94

Eucnide cordata 159

urens 159

Eulobus Californicus 156

Eupatorium 167, 168

Euphorbia 224

albomarginata 217

Brandegei 226

Californica 229

Commouduana 229

con juncta 227

Euphorbia dictyosperma 230

eriantha 230

gemiuiloba 228

glyptosperma 227

heterophylla, var. eriocarpa 230

Hindsiana 229

hypericifolia 224

involnta 227

leucophylla 216, 228

maculata 317

Magdalenae 224

micromera 226

misera 217

pediculifera 227

petrina 226

podadenia 226

polycarpa 226

var. vestita 227

port ulana 226

Purisimana 225

pycanthema 224

serpens 224, 226

serpyllifolia 226

setiloba 226

tomeutulosa 225

Xanti 228

Euphorbiacese, Contributions to North

American 217

Eurotia lanata 199

Eustoraa exaltatum 184

Evolvulus aisinoides. 188.

Eysenhardtia spinosa 148

Fagonia Californica 137

Falco columbarius 281

mexicanus 281

peregrinus auatum 281

Bparverius 281

Falcon, prairie 281

Farlowella 32

acus 34

amazona 33

carinata 32

gladiola 32

knerii 33

oxyrrbynchixs 33

Festuca ruicrostachys, var. ciliata 214

Filago Arizonica 170

Finch, Guadalupe house 297

house 296

Ridgway's house 23

St. Lucas house 296

Flicker, gilded 287

358

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Flicker, GuadaUipe 287

red-shafted 287

Flycatcher, ash-throated 290

gray 292

Hammond's 292

little 291

olive-sided 291

St. Lucas 291

vermilion 292

western 291

Wright's 292

Fouquiera 117

columnaris 132

gigantea 132

spinosa 132

spleudens 132, 133

Frankenia grandiflora 131

Palmeri 131

Franseria 189

acuminata 171

ambrosioides 172

Bryanti 171

camphorata 170

chenopodiif olia 172

divaricata 171

dumosa 171

flexuosa 172

hispida 170

ilicifolia 172

Magdalense 170

tenuifolia 170

Fraxinus dipetala, var. trifoliata 182

pistacisef olia 182

Fregata aquila 87, 88, 260

Fuirena 210

Fulica americana 271

Fungi collected in Lower California... 231

Gad wall 265

Galactia 150

Galiiim Aparine, var. Vaillantii 166

Rothrockii 166

stellatum 166, 232

Gallinago delicata 271

Galphimia angustifolia, var. oblongi-

folium 137

Gaura 158

fruticulosa 158

Geococcyx calif ornianus 285

Geothlypis beldingi 20, 310, 311, 312

description of young 22

macgillivrayi 310

trichas 20

occidentalis 310

Gilia Bigelovii 185

filifolia 185

Hoccosa 185

gloriosa 184

inconspicua 185

Palmeri 185

puugens 185

Schottii 184

tenuifolia . 184

Glaucidium hoskinsii 285

Gnaphalium decurrens 170

palustre 170

Sprengelii 170

Gnatcatcher, black-taikd 318

blue-gray 318

plumbeous 318

Godetia epilobioides 157

Godwit, marbled 273

Pacific 273

Goldfinch, American 298

Arkansas 298

Lawrence's 298

Gougylocarpus frutescens 158

fruticulosus 118, 158

Gonolobus 183

hastulatus 183

Goose, American white-fronted 267

Hutchins'6 267

Gossypium Davidsonii 136

Harknessii 136

herbaceum 136

Graculus dilophus 253

Granite 2

Grebe, American eared 249

pied-billed 250

St. Domingo 250

western , 249

Greenella Arizonica 168

ramulosa 168

Grosbeak, black-headed 304

western blue 305

Grus mexicana 270

Guara alba 268

Guiraca caerulea eurhyncha 305

Gull, American herring 251

Bonaparte's 251

California 251

Heermann's 251

ring-billed 251

western 251

Gutierrezia Euthamiae 168

var. microcephala 168

Gymnogr^mme triangularis 214

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

359

Habia melanocephala 304

Haematopus bachmani 276

f razari 275

Halifeetus leucocephalus 281

Halocyptena microsoma 252

Harpagonella Palmeri 187

Harporhynchus cinereus 314

crissalis 314

rediviviis 314

Harttia 39

loricarif ormis 39

Hauj^a arborea 157

Hawk, American sparrow 281

Cooper's 279

duck 281

Harris's 279

marsh 278

pigeon 281

red-bellied 280

sharp-shinned 279

Swainson's 280

zone-tailed '... 280

Hedeoma thymoides, var. oblongifolia. 197

Hedyotis asperuloides 166

mucronata 166

Helenium puberulum 179

Helianthemum nutans 129

'E.elia.nthns dealbatus 173

niveus 173

Heliopsis buphthalmoides 172

Heliotropium Curassavicum 187

inundatum 187

Helminthopnila celala 308

lutescens 308

ruficapilla gutturalis 308

Hemiancistrus 43

aspidolepis 43

brachyurus 43

fordii 43

guacharote 43

heteracanthus 44

histrix 43

itacua 43

medians 43

megacephalus 44

mystacinus 43

•oligospilus 43

pictus 43

scaphirhynchus 43

schomburgkii 43

serratus 43

spinosus 43

trinitates 43

Hemiancistrus vittatus 44

Hemiloricaria 34

caracasensis 34

Hemiodon 34

Hemiodontichthys 84

acipenserinus 34

Hemipsilichthys 46

gobio 46

Hemizonia fasciculata 177

Heron, black-crowned night 270

Frazar's green 269

great blue 268

Louisiana 269

snowy 269

yellow-crowned night 270

Herpestis exiHs 191

Hesperocallis undulata 216

Hesperocichla nsevia 319

Heteractitis incanus 273

Hetererythrinus 105

Heteropogon contortus 211

Hibiscus Coulteri 136

denudatus 136

Hilaria cenchroides 211

var. longifolia 211

Himantopus mexicanus 271

Himantostemma Pringlei 183

Hiraea macroptera 137

Hisonotus 40

notatus 40, 41

parotocinclus 41

maculicauda 41'

Hoffmannseggia intricata 151

microphylla 151

var. glabra 151

stricta 151

Hof meisteria 118

fasciculata 167

pluriseta 167

pubescens 167

Holotaxis melanostomus 108, 110

loeta 110

Hordeum pratense , 214

Horsf ordia Newberryi 135

Palmeri 135

Purisimae 135

rotundifolia 135

Hosackia Bryanti 144

glabra 144

maritima 144

micrantha 145

parviflora 144

plebeid 144

360

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Hosackia prostrata 145

rigicla I't't

stdgosa 14 J:

subpinnata 144

Hummingbird, Anna's 289

black-cbinnecl 289

Costa's 289

rufous 289

Xautus's 289

Hybocampa Milhauseri 95

Hylocichla 65

ustulata 71

Hymenatberum pentacbsetum 179

Hymenoclea 121

Salsola 170

Hypoptopoma 40

Mlohatum 40

carinatum 4o

gulare 40

tboracatum 40

Hypostomus brevitentaculatus 44

duodecimalis 44

niveatus 44

pidus 43

vicinus 46

Hyptis 197

Emoryi 197

laniflora 197

tepbrodes 197

Ibis, wbite 268

wbite-faced glossy 268

wood 268

Icteria virens longicauda 312

Icterus bullocki 295

cucullatus nelsoni 295

parisorum 295

Jdi-ia columnaris 132

Indigof era Anil 149

Ingenbouzia 137

lonidium polygalsefolium 129

lineare 129

Ipomsea 1S8

aurea 119, 188

Bona-nox 188

Jicama 119, 188

trlfida 188

Iresine alternifolia 199

Iva Hayesiana 170

Jacquemontia abutiloides 118, 188

Jatropba 118

canescens 117, 223

spatbulata 223

Jaumea carnosa 177

Jay, Beldiug's 75, 293

blue-fronted 293

California 263

piilou 293

Xantus's 24, 293

Junco annectens , . 76

bairdi 301

Baird's 301

Guadalupe 301

byemalis oregonus 76, 77, 301

insularis 301

Oregon 301

townsendi 76, 77, 301

Townsend's 301

Juncus Balticus 209

Bufonius 209

robustus 20^

xipboides 209

Juniperus Calif ornica 205

Jussisea octonei'via 156-

Justicia insolita 195

Killdeer 274

Kingbird, Arkansas , 29C

Cassin's 290

Kingfisber, belted 286

Kinglet, dusky 31&

ruby-crowned 318

Kite, wbite-tailed 278

Kceberliuia spinosa 138^

Kosteletzkya digitata 136

Krameria bicolor 131

parvifolia 131

Krynitzkia 187, 188

barbigera 187

maritima . 187

micrantba 187

micromeres 187

racemosa 187

Lacbnostoma Arizonicum 184

Lactuca intybacea 181

Laguncularia 123

Lanius ludovicianus gambeli 307

Lantana Camara 196

Laphamiapeninsularis 178-

Lark, Mexican borned 292

ruddy borned 292

Larrea Mexicana 138

Larus argentatus smithsonianus 251

californicus 251

delawarensis 251

heermanni 251

occidentalis 251

pbiladelpbia 251

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

361

Lastarriaea Chilensis 204

Lathyrus vestitus 150

Layia glandulosa 177

heterotricha 177

platyglossa 177

Lebiasina 113

bimaculata 113, 116

Lepidium lasiocarpum 127

Lepidospartum squamatum 180

Leptosyne Arizonica 177

dissecta 176

Dou^lasii 177

heterocarpa 176

parthenioides 176, 177

Yar. dissecta 17fl

Leptocaulis echinatus 165

Library, additions to

Limosa fedoa 273

lapponica baueri 273

Liposarcus 44

oMipinnis 44

scrophus , 44

vai'ius. 45

Lippia barbata . . 196

f astigiata 196

nodiflora 196

Palmeri 196

Loeflingia squarrosa 13^

Loon 250

Pacific 250

Lopezia clavata 120, 157

Lophodytes cucullatiis 265

Loranthus Sonorse 204

Loricaria 34

acuta 35, 38

amazonica 38

anus 38

barbata, .. 35

bransfordi 34, 36

brevi rostris 35

bruunea 37

cadece 34

carinata 36

castanea 38

cataphracta 36

cirrhosa 36

depressa 34

dura - 36

filamentosa 36

hemiodon 37

konopickyi 39

Ise viuscula 37

lamina 37

Loricana lanceolata 39

lata 36

lima 35

raacrodon 36

macromystax 37

maculata 38, 39

magdaleuse 36

melanoptera 44

uudi ventis 3G

pauamensis 34

phoxocepbala 37

platycepbala 37

platystoma 37

platyura 34

rostrata 35

setifera 36

spixii 37

strigilata 35

stubelii , 37

teffeana 39

typus , 37

uracantha 37

valenciennesi , 39

variegata 36

vetula 37

Loricariichthys 34, 38

Loricariidse 32

Lower California, Catalogue of Birds of 237

Loxiacurvirostra Strickland! 298

Lupinus 143

affinis 143

albicaulis 143

micranthus 143

Lycium ' 190

Andersonii 190

var. pubescens 190

Richii 190

Lygodesmia exigua 181

Lytocarpa Coulteri 127, 232

Xanti 127

Lysiloma 124

Candida 153

micropbylla 154

Lytbrum alatum, var. linearifolium. .. 15.5

Bryan ti 155

""Macrodon 101

aimara 103

auritus 103

ferox 103

guavina. 103

intermedins 10^

malabaricus 102. 116

microlepis 102, 104

362

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Macrodon patana

teres

trahira .101,

trahira microlepis

Macroramphus scolopaceus

Malacothrix Clevelancli

Coulteri

glabrata

Xauti

Mallard

Mallostoina

Malperia tenuis .

Malva borealis

Malvastrum

tricuspidatum

Mamillaria ICO,

Goodrldgii

Halei 118,

Mammals, New, from California and

Lower California

Man-o'-war bird

Marrnbium vulgare

Marsilia vestita

Martin, western

Martynia ,

fragrans

Maturaque

Maximowicxzia Sonorae

Maytenus .117, 120, 12.},

phyllanthoides

Mazzantia galii

Meadowlark, western

Medicago denticulata

Megascops asio trichopsis

bendirei

Melanerpes formicivorus angustlfrons
bairdi

uropygialis

Melica imperfecta

Melilotus parviflora

Melochia tomentosa

Melopelia leucoptera

Melospiza fasciata rivularis 22,

samuells

lincolni

Members elected

proposed 321, 322, 329,

Menodora scoparia

Mentha Canadensis, var . glabrata

Mentzelia adherens

dispersa

birsutissima

103
103
102
102
272
181
181
181
181
2Co
166
lfi7
13o
133
133
161
160
161

25
260
198
215
306
193
193
105
160
124
143
232
294
143
284
284
287
287
287
214
143
137
277
303
302

182
197
159
159
159

Merganser, hooded 265

red-breasted , 265

serrator 265

Merulaconfinis 319

Mesymbryanthemiim crystallinum 165

Metastelma Californicum 183

Microlepidogaster 42

perf oratus 42

Micro pallas whitueyi 285

Micropusmelanoleucus 288

Microseris linearif olia 181

Mimosa 152, 153

Mimiilus fioribundus 191

Inteus 191

pilosus ,,. 191

Mimus polyglottos 314

Mirabilis Isevis 198

teuuiloba 198

Miuroglanis 55

platycephalus 55, 56

Mocking-bird 314

Mohavea visclda 190

Molothrus ater obscunis 294

Monauthochloe littoralis 214

Monolepis cbenopodioides 199

Moutaguella 232

Motacilla ocularis 313

Muhlenbergia calamagrostidea 212

debilis 212

Murrelet, Craveri's 251

Xantus's 250

Museum, additions to. 321, 322, 324, 325, 326
328, 399, 331, 332

Myadestes townsendii 319

Myiarchus cinerascens 290

Nais major 210

Nama demissum 186

hispidum 186

stenocarpum 186

Nasturtium curvjsiliqua var. lyratum. 127

laxum 127

tanacetif olium 127

Nemacaulis Nuttallii 204

Nemacladus ramosissimus 181

Nematogenys 50

inermis 50

nigricans 50

pallidas , 50

Nematognathi, South American 28

Nematopoma searlesii 114

Nemophila racemosa. 185

Nemuroglanis 29

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

163

Nemuroglanis lanceolatus 29

Neophasia 91. 92, 93

Menapia 91, 92

Terlooii - 91

Terlootii 91, 92

Neoplecostomus 42

grauosus 42

microps 42

Neovolcanic effusive rock 12

Nicolletia Eclwardsii 179

Nicotiaua Clevelandi 190

glauca 190

ipomopsiflora 189

Nighthawk, Texan 288

Nolina 208, 209

Bigelovii 208

Notholsena oretacea 214

Honkeri 214

Lemmoni 214

sinuata 214

Nothoscorduni striatum 209

Notodonta concinna 94, 95

Ziczac 95

Numenius budsonicus 274

longirostris 273

Nutcracker, Clarke's 293

Nuthatch, red-breasted 316

slender-billed 316

white-naped 77, 317

Nycticorax nycticorax nsevius 270

violaceus 270

Oceanodroma f urcata 87, 88

macrodactyla 252

melania 253

CEnothera bistorta 157

caispitosa 157

cardiophylla 157, 231

chamseneroides 157

cheiranthifolia 157

crassifolia 157

micrantha 157

refracta 157

rosea 157

scapoidea 157

sceptrostigma 118,156

trichocalyx 156

trilobata 156

Officers, election of 334

nominations 333

reports of 334, 337, 338, 340, 348

Oidemia deglandi 267

perspicillata 267

Oligomeris subulata 129

OlneyaTesota 122, 149

Olor columbianus 268

Opuutia 118, 124, 1C3, 164, 165

Bigelovii 164

Eugelmanni 163

invicta 163

leptocaulis 164

molesta 164

prolifera ' 164

Tuna 163

Oreortyx pictus coufinis 74, 75, 276

plumif erus 74, 276

Oriole, Arizona hooded 295

Bullock's 295

Scott's 295

Ornithological Notes, 1 83

Oroscoptes montanus 313

Orthocarpus purpurascens.var.Palmeri 192

Oryzopsis cuspidata.
Osprey, American ..,
Octociuclus

amnis.
joberti .

212

283

41

41

40

maculicauda 41

vestitus 41

Otocoris alpestris chrysolsema 292

rubea 292

Owl, American barn 283

long-eared 283

burrowing 285

elf 285

Hoskin's pygmy 285

Mexican sci eech 284

short-eared 284

spotted 284

western horned 284

Oxalis latif olia 138

Wrlghtii 138

Oxyloricaria 34

Oxyropsis 39

wrightiana 39

Oxytheca 202

Oyster-catcher, black 276

Frazar's 275

Palseovolcanic effusive rocks 8

Palaf oxia arenaria 178

linearis 179

Panaque 44

cochlidon 44

deutex 44

nigrolineatus 44

Pandion haliaetus carolinensis 283

364

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Papers read 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327
329, 331, 332, 333

Pappopborum Wrightii 213

Parabuteo iinicinctus harrisi 279

Parahemindon 34, 37

Parancistrns , 44

aiirantiacus 44

nigricans 44

punctatissimus 44

Pareiodon , 55

microps 55

Parietaria debilis 205

Pariolius 50

armillatns 50

Parkinsonia aculeata 151

florida 152

microphylla 151

Parthenice mollis 160

Partridge, Gambel's 277

plumed 276

San Pedro 74 276

valley 276

Parus gambeli 317

inornatus clneraceus 317

grlseus 317

Paspalum capillare, var. glabrum 211

colonnm 211

Crus-galli 211

disticlium 210

leucanthum 210

paspaloides 211

Passerculus anthinus 299

Passerella iliaca 90

unalaschcensis 303

townsendii 90

Passerina amcena 305

versicolor pulchra 305

Passiflora fcetida 159

Pectis canescens 180

miUiiseta 180

papposa , 180

Pectocarya 121

linearis 187

Pedilanthus macrocarpus 224

Pelican, American white 257

California brown 257

nesting habits of 83

Pelecanns californicias 83, 257

erythrorhynchos 257

Pellsea lovgimucronata., 215

Wrightiana 215

Pentaciena ramosissima 132

Pentstemon Clevelandi 191

Palmeri 191

spectabilis< 191

Perezia Palmeri 181

Perityle Californica 177

deltoidea 177

I'itchii 177

var. Palmeri 177

Palmeri 177

Petalonyx linearis 159

Thurberi 159

Petrel, black 253

Guadalupe 252

least 252

Petrochelidon lunifrons 306

Petrographical Notes from Baja Califor-
nia , 1

Petunia parviflora 190

Peucsea ruficeps boucardi 302

Peucephyllum Schottii 180

Pewee, western wood 291

Phaca Berteriana 149

Phacelia alfinis 185

creuulata 185

distans 185

hispida 185

micrantha 185

pauciflora 185

pedicellata 185

ramosissima 185

scariosa 185

Phaethon aethereus 86, 253

Phainopepla 307

nitens 307

Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus... 255

cincinnatus 253

pelagicus resplendens 257

penicillatus 257

Phalsenoptilus nuttalli californicus . .. 287

Phalaris arundinacea 212

Phalarope, northern 271

red 271

Wilson's 271

Phalaropus lobatus 271

tricolor , 271

Phaseolusatropurpureus, var. sericeus 150

filiformis 150

Phaulothamnus spinescens 201

Phillbertia linearis 183

Phcebe, black 290

Say's 290

Phoenix dactylifera 209

Pholisma arenarium 181

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

365

Phoradeudron 205

Californicum 205

flavescens — 205

Phragmites communis 214

Phyllachora crotonis 232

Pbyllanthus 217

Brandegei 218

ciliato-glaudulosus 219

Phyllostieta erysiphoides 232

Phyrruloxia sinuata peninsiilse 304

St. Lucas 304

Physalis., 190

crassif olia 190

glabra 190

Picicorvus columbianus 293

Pieris Menapia 91

Pigeon, Viosca's 277

Pintail 266

Pinus 205

Lambertiana 216

muricata 216

Parryana 216

ponderosa, var. Jeflfreyi 216

Papilo chlorurus 68, 394

consobriniis 304

fuscus albigula 304

crissalis 304

maculatus megalonyx 303

Pipit, American ., 313

red-throated 313

Pirauga ludoviciana 305

Plantago major 198

Patagouica 198

Virgiuica , 198

Plants from Baja California 117

Plato puntia 163

Platypsaris albiventris 89

Platystacus 50

aspredo 50

cotylephorns 50

filamentosus 50

nematophorus 50

sicuephorus 50

tibicen 50

Platystemon Californicus 126

Platyth j-ra flavescens 236

Plecostomus flagellaris 36

cataphracta 38

Plegadis guarauna 208

Pleospora herbarum 232

Plover, black-bellied 274

mountain 275

semipalmated 274

Plover, snowy 274

Wilson's 275

Pluchea borealis 170

odorata 170

snbdecurrens 170

Plumbago scandens 181

Poa Bigelovii 214

Podaxon carcinomale 231

Podilymbus podiceps 250

Polioptila cserulea 318

californica 318

plumbea 318

Polyborus, cheriway 282

lutosus 282

Polygala apopetala 120, 130

desertorum 130

Xanti 129

Polygonum nodosum 204

Polypogon Monspeliensis 213

Poocietes gramineus conflnis 298

Poor-will, California 287

Pppulus Fremonti, var. Wislizeni 205

Porophyllum crassifolium 179

gracile 179

tridentatum , 179

Porphyrite tufa 12

Portulaca oleracea 132

parvula 132

retusa 132

Porzana Carolina 270

Potamogeton 210

pecti natus 210

Pringleophytum lanceolatum 195

Proceedings 321

Progne subis hesperia 306

Prosopis 118, 124, 125

juliflora , 152

Palmeri 152

Prunus Fremonti 154

ilicifolius 154

Psaltriparus minimus californicus 317

grindse 317

Psathyrotes ramosissima. 180

Pseudancistrus 45

barbatus 45

depressus 45

guttatus 45

setosiis 45

wertheimeri 45

Fseudocanihicus 43

Pseudogryplius californianus 278

Pseudohemiodon 31, 37

Pseudoloricaria .34, 37

366

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Pseudoplatystoma 30

fasciatum brevefile 31

nigricans 31

reticulatiim 30

Pseudostegophilus 54

nemuriis 54

Psilactis crispa 169

Ptelea aptera 138

Pterostegia drymarioides 204

macroptera 188, 204

Pterygoplicbthys 44

etentaculatus 44

gibbiceps 44

jeanesianus 45

litnratus 45

pardalis 45

punctatus 45

undecimalis 44

Ptychoramphus aleuticus 250

Puccinia malvacearum 231

medusse 231

(Enotherse 231

ornata 231

PuflBnus creatopus 87

gavia 87, 252

griseus 87, 252

Pygldidse 50

Pygidium 50

amizoniciim 53

areolatum 51

braziliensis 51

dispar 52

punctulatum 52

fuscum 51

immaculatum 52

knerii 52

laticeps 51

macrsei 51

maculatum 51

nigricans 53

nigromaculatum 52

oroyse 51

pardum 52

pceyanum 51

punctatissimum 52

rivulatum 51

taczanowskii 52

taenia 51

Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus 292

Pyrrhulina 108

argyrops .109, 113

brevis 109, 111, 112

filamentosa 108, 109, 110

Pyrrhulina guttata 109,111, 112, 116

laeta 108, 110

maxima 109, 111, 116

melauostoraa 108, 110

nattereri 109 111,112

semif asciata 109, 110, 111

Quartzite 14

Quartz-prophyrites 8

Quercus pungens , 205

Rafinesquia Neo-Mexicana 181

Rail, Belding's 270

California clapper 270

Virginia 270

Rallus beldingi 270

obsoletus 270

virginianus ... 270

Randia 166

Raven, American 293

Recurvirostra americana 271

Redhead 266

Redstart, American 313

Red-tail, St. Lucas 280

western 280

Regulus calendula 318

obscurus 318

Rhamnus crocea 143

Rhinelepis 42

acanthicus 46

agassizii 42

aspera 42

lophophanes 42

parahybae 42

strigosa 42

Rhizophora 117, 123

Mangle 155

Rhus aromatica, var. indivisa 140

diversiloba 140

integrifolia 139

laurina 120, 140

ovata 140

toxicodendron 140

Veatchii 140

Rhy nchosia 150

minima 150

phaseoloides 140

Ribes tortuosiim 154

leptanthum 155

Ricinus communis 230

Riddellia Cooperi 177

Riesenbachia 158

Rineloricaria 34, 35

Road-runner 285

Robin, St. Lucas 319

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

367

Robin, western

Rosa minntif olia

Rothrockia cordifolia

Ruellia

Rumex hymenosepalus

salicifolins

Ruppia maritima

Sageretia Wrightii

Salicornia ambigua

herbacea

Salix Bonplandiana, var. pallida

lasiolepis.

longifolia

Salizaria Mexicaua

Salpinctes gxiadeloupensis

obsoletus

Salvia

Californica

Cedrosensis

Columbariae

Sambucus

glatica

Samolus ebracteatus

Valerandi 182,

Sanderling

Sandpiper, least

red-backed

spotted

western

Sapsucker, red-breasted

red-naped

Sarcostemma arenarium

Sayornis nigricans

saya

Schinus discolor

Schcepfia

Californica

Scirpus lacustris

maritimus

Olneyi

puugens

riparius

Sciurns f ossor

nigripes

Scolecophagus carolinus 86,

cyanocepbalus 86,

Scoter, surf

white-winged

Sebastiania bilocularis

Seiurus noveboraceusis notabilis. ..,

Stlaginella rupestris

Semeiandra

319
154
183
193
204
204
210
143
201
201
205
205
205
198
315
315
197
197
197
197
166
166
181
232
272
272
272
273
272
286
286

290
140
118
139
210
210
210
210
210
25
25
295
295
267
267
223
310
215
158

Senecio Douglasii 180

Lernmoni 18(/

Sesuvium Portiilacastrum 165

Setaria caudata 211

Setophaga ruticilla 313

Shearwater, black- vented 252

dark-bodied 252

Shoveller 266

Shrike, California 30T

Sialia arctica 320

mexicana 79, 80, 81, 320

anabelse 79, 80, 81, 320

Sida diffusa 134

hederacea 134

tragiaefolia 134

Xanti 134

Sideroxylou leucophyllum 182

Siluridse 28

Silurus hexadadylus 50

Simmondsia Californica 217

Siskin, pine 298

Sisymbrium canescens 127

reflexum 127

Sisyrinchium bellum 205

Sitta canadensis 316

carolinensis aculeata 316

pygmfea 77

leuconucha 77, 78, 317

Slate, carbonaceous 15

chloritic 14

series 14'

Snipe, Wilson's 271

Solidago 169

Solitaire, Townsend's 31^

Sonchus asper 181

tenerrimus 181

Sora 270

Sparrow, Belding's marsh 299

Bell's 302

black-chinned 301

black-throated 302

Boucard's o 302

Brewer's 301

Brown's song 22 303

clay-colored 301

Gambel's 300

golden-crowned 30O

intermediate 300

large-billed 29^

Lincoln's 303

Samuel's song 302

St. Lucas 299

Townsend's 303

368

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Sparrow, western chipping 300

western grasshopper 300

western lark 300

western savanna 298

western vesper 298

white-crowned, 300

Spartina stricta 211

Spatula clypeata 266

Speciilaria biflora 181

Speotyto cixnicularia bypogsea 285

Spermophilus buckleyi 26

grammnrus 26, 27

atricapillus 26

beecheyi 26, 27

Sphaeralcea 135

ambigua 135

Coulteri 135

Hainesii 136

Sphyrapiciis ruber 286

varius nuchalis 286

Spinus lawrencei 298

pinus 298

psaltria, 298

tristls 298

Spirostachys occiclentalis 200

Spizella atrigularis 301

breweri 301

pallida ^ 301

socialis arizonse 300

Sporobolus airoides 212

altissimus 212

var. minor 213

argutus 212

Virginicus 213

Wrightii 212

Squirrel, black-capped ground 26

black-footed gray 25

Statice Limonium 181

Stegnosperma halimif olia 201

Stegophilus 54

insidiosus 55

intermedius 54

macrops 55

maculatus 54

nenmrus 54

punctatus 54

reinhardti 55

Steindachneria 30

docena 30

Stemodia durantifolia 191

polystachya 191

Stephanomeria runcinata 181

virgata 181

Stercorarius pomarinus 87

Sterna elegans 252

forsteri 252

maxima 251

Stevardia 113

albipinnis 113, 114

riisei 114

searlesii 114

veedonii 114

Stillingia linearifolia 223

Stilt, black-necked 271

Stipa coronata 212

eminens 212

Strix pratincola 283

Slurisoma 34, 35

Sturnella magna neglecta 294

Stylocline gnaphalioides 170

SufBda occidentalis 201

Torreyana 201

Sula brewsteri 253

gossii 253

leucogastra 253

sula 253

Swallow, barn 306

cliff 306

tree 306

violet-green 306

Swan, whistling 268

Swift, black 288

Vaux's 288

white-throated 288

Sylvania pusilla pileolata 313

Sympetaleia aurea 1 59

rupestris 1 59

Symphemia semipa'lmata inornata. .. 273

Synodontis palustris 105

Synodus malabaricus 102

tareira 102

Syrnium occidentale 284

Tachisuruo 31

platypogon 31

upsulonophorus 31

Tachyciueta bicolor 306

thalassina 306

Tanager, Louisiana 305

Tantalus loculator 268

Tareira 102

Tattler, wandering 273

Teal, blue-winged 265

ciunamon 266

green-winged 265

Tecoma stans 193, 231

Tephrosia Palmeri 149

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

369

Tephrosia Purisimae. . .
Tern, elegant

Forster's

royal

Teucrium glandulosum.

Thelypodium

Thrasher. Californian. .

crissal

St. Lucas

Thricomyderus

ThricomycLe.rus

Thrash, Audubon's hermit

Big Tree

description of anew

dwarf hermit...

Grinnell's water

olive-backed

russet-backed...,.

varied

Thrushes, small, of California. .
Thryothorus bewickii spilurus.

brevicaudus

Thurbcria

Thysanocarpus curvipes

laciniatus

Tillaea minima

Tillandsia recurvata

Tissa diandra

macrotheca

rubra

T'tmouse, ashy

gray

Totanus raelauoleucus

Tournefortia '

Towhee, Californian

green-tailed

Guadalupe

spurred

St. Lucas

Trachypoma

marmoratum

Tragia urticaefolia

Tree-duck, fulvous

Trianthema monogyna

Trichocoronis Wrightii

Trichoptilium incisum

Tricomyclerus

barbalula

brasiliensis trislis

corduvnsis

dispar

gracilis

,63,

149

252

252

251

198

127

314

314

313

314

53

50

66

67

16

, 319

310

60

319

319

57

316

316

137

127

128

155

205

131

131

131

317

317

273

187

304

304

304

303

304

53

53

223

267

165

167

179

50

51

51

51

51

51

Tricomy items incce , 51

marmoratus 51

palleus 51

pentlandi 51

pictus 51

tenuis 51

tigrinum 51

Tridens 53

brevis 54

melanops 53

Trifolium macrsei 144

tridentatum 144

Tringa alpina pacifica 272

minutilla 272

Triodia pulchella 213

Trixis angustifolia 181

Trochilus alexandri 289

alleni 289

anna 289

costffi 289

rufus 289

Troglodytes aedon parkmanii 316

Tropic Bird, red-billed 253

Tufa, porphyrite .. 12

Tulostoma mamosum 231

obesum 131

Turdus alicise 18,19, 62

aonalaschkfeJ9, 60, 63,67, 70, 71, 72, 319
auduboni 18,19,60,64,65,66,67, 71

pallasii 19, 64, 67 71

sequoieusis 71, 72

fuscescens 68

migratora propinqua 319

mustelinus 64

nanus 60, 64, 65, 70, 71

sequoiensis 18, 65, 67, 70, 71

ustulatus.18, 57, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 70
71. 319

swainsonii 60, 61, 62, 68, 70

Turnstone , 275

black 275

Turtle, description of a new 233

Tjpha angustifolia 209

Tyrannus verticalis 290

vociferans 290

Urinator imber 250

pacificus 250

Vallesia dichotoma 182

laciniata. 182

Vandellia 55

cirrhosa 55

plazaii 55

2d See., Vol. II.

(25)

370

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Vaquelinia Torreyi

Veatchia 117, 120, 121, 122, 124,

Cedrosensis

discolor 140,

Verbena

ciliata

xutha

Verdin

Veronica peregrina

Vicia exigua

Viguiera

deltoidea ,

laciniata

niicrophylla

Purisimfe

subincisa

Vireobellii pusillus

Cassin's

gilvus swainsoui

gray

huttoni Stephens!

least

solitarins cassinii

Stephens's

vicinior

western warbling

Viscainoa

geniciilata

Vitis

Arizonica

Californica

Vulture, California

turkey

"Wagtail, Swi ahoe's

Warbler, Audubon's

black-throated gray

Calaveras

hermit

lutescent

mangrove

Macgili vray 's

orange-crowned

pileolated

154

205
140
189
197
197
197
318
192
150
173
173
173
173
173
173
308
307
307
308
307
308
307
307
308
307
120
137
139
139
139
278
278
313
309
309
308
310
308
309
310
308
313

Townsend's

yellow

Washingtonia filifera

Waxwing, cedar . . ,

Willet, western

\Yislizenia

Palmeri

Woodpecker, California

Gila

Harris's

narrow-fronted

Nuttall's

St. Lucas

Wren, cactus

dotted caiion

Guadalupe

Gu:\da]upe rock

Parkmau's

rock

St. Lucas cactus

tule

Vigor's .

Wren-Tit, pallid

Xanthium strumarium

Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus.

Xenomyiius

Yellow-legs, greater

Yellow-throat, BeldiDg's

A/estern

Yucca baccata

brevifolia

valida

Whipplei

Zaunichellia palustris

Zauschneria Californica

Zenaidura macroura

Zephyranthes arenicola

Zizyphus obtusifolia

Parryi

Zonotrichia coronata

gambeli

intermedia

leucophrys

309
309
209
306
273
121
128
287
287
286
287
28t;
286
315
315
316
315
316
315
315
316
316
317
172
294
46
273
310
310
208
208
208
208
210
156
277
205
143
143
300
300
300
30O

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page 58, second Hue from bottom, insert " Haywards " before "April 20,

1875."
" 69, in song No. 2, last note sbould be C instead of D.
" 74, tirst line, for '' Oreorti/x p'lcta coniinis" read " Oreorhjx pidm

confinis.''^
'* 74, third line, for " Oreortyo: picta x>lumiferfC' read "■ Oreorlyx p'lctus

pluniiferus.'"
" 75, before table of dimensions, for '' Oreortyx picta covfinis'' read

" Oreortyx jnctus conjinis."
" 79, sixteenth line, for "Adult (^ " read 'Adult 9-"
" 307, second line from bottom, for " Stephen's " read " Stephens's."

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY
1889.

AFKICA.

Cape ^'oM;n— South African Philosophical Society.
Transactions, vol. v, pt. 1.

AMERICA, NORTH.

CANADA.

Cap Rouge — Le Naturaliste Canadieu, vol. xviii, Nos. 6-12.
Montreal — Natural History Society' :

Canadian Record of Scieuce, vol. iii, Nos. 5, G, 7.
Geological and Natural History Survej' of Canada:

Contributions to Canadian Paleontology, vol. i, jot. 2.
Ottaioa—Yieldi Naturalists' Club:

Ottawa Naturalist, vol. ii, Nos. 9-12; iii, Nos. 1-3.
Toronto — Canadian Institute:

Annual Rfeport, 1887-8.

Canadian Journal, ser. 3, vol. vi, No. 2; vii, No. 1.

MEXICO.

il/e.rico— Observatorio Meleorologico Magnetico Central:

Boletin Meusual, Tomo i, Nos. 8-12, supp. and Resumen; ii, No. 1.

Estudios de Meteorologica Comparada, Tomo i.

Estudio de la Filosofia y Requeza de la Lengua ]\[exicana.

Maps: Inundacion de las Cuidades de Lagos y Leon; Trayectorio
del Ciclon, Sept., 1888.
Ministero de Fomento:

Anales, Tomo viii.
Secretaria de Fomento:

Informes y Documeutos relativos a Comercio, etc., Nos. 36-50.
Sociedad Cientifica "Antouio Alzate:"

Memorias, Tomo ii, Nos. 11-12.
Sociedad de Geografia y Estadistica:

Boletiu, Cuarto Epoca, Tomo i, Nos. 3, 4.
Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural:

La Naturaleza, ser. 2, Tomo i, Nos. 4, 5.

Z CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

UNITED STATES.

Albany— mate Entomologist:
Fifth Eeport, 1889.
State Library:

Annual Report of the Trustees, 70, 71.
State Museum of Natural History:

Annual Report of the Trustees, 40, 41.
Annapolis— JJ . S. Naval Institute:

Proceedings, vol. xiv. No. 4; xv. Nos. 1-3.
Augusta — Commissioner of Fisheries of the State of Maine:

Reports, 1871-1875, 1879, 1881.
Baltimore — American Chemical Journal, vol. xi, Nos. 1-7.
Johns Hopkins University:
Circulars, Nos. 69-77.

Studies from the Biological Laboratory, vol. iv, No. 5.
Peabody Institute:

Annual Eeport, No. 22.
Berkeley— TJmyers\ty of California:

Biennial Report of the President, 1888.

Report of the College of Agriculture, 1888.

Annual Report of the Secretary, 1889.

Register. 1888-89.

Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin, Nos. 82, 83.

Reports of Examinations of Waters and Water Supply.

Lick Observatory:

Reports of Observations of the Total Eclipse of the Sun, Jan.
1, 1889.
Boston — American Academy of Arts and Sciences:
Proceedings, vol. xxiii, pt. 2.
Appalachian Mountain Club:

Appalachia, vol. v, Nos. 3, 4.
Marine Biological Laboratory:

Annual Report, i, 1888.
Mass. Institute of Technology:

24th Annual Catalogue, 188S-89.
Society of Natural History:

Proceedings, vol. xxiii, Nos. 3, 4; xxiv, Nos. 1, 2.
Brooklyn — Entomologicnl Society:

Entomologica Americana, vol. v, Nos. 1-9.
Cambridge— ^niomo\og\CQ.[ Club:

Psyche, vol. v, Nos. 153-159.
Havard College Observatory:

Annals, vol. xviii, Nos 7-9; xix. No. 1; xx, Nos. 1, 2.
Annual Report of the Director, 44.

ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. 6

Photographic Study of Solar Spectra:
Aunual Report, 3.

A Large Photograi^hic Telescope.

The Bruce Photographic Telescope.
Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology:

Annual Report of Curator, 1887-88.

Bulletin, vol. xvi, Nos. 3-5; xvii, Nos. 3-5; xviii.

Memoirs, vol. siv, No, 1.
Peabody Museum:

Reports, vol. iv, No. 2.
Champaign — University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station:

Bulletin, No. 6.

Chapel Hill — Elisba Mitchell Scieutidc Society:

Journal, vol. v, No. 2; vi, No. 1.
Chicago — Newberry Library:

Proceedings of the Trustees, 1888.
Cincinnati— ^oc\eiy of Natural History:

Journal, vol. xi, No. 4; xii, Nos. 1-3.
Columbus— Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station:

Bulletin, vol. ii, No. 6; Technical Series, vol. i, Xo. 1.
Ohio Meteorological Bureau:

Sixth Annual Report, 1888.

Report, 1885, June, July; 1888, Dec; 1889, Jan -Mar., May-Sept.,
Nov .
Ohio State Forestry Bureau:

Annual Report, i, ii, iii.
Craivfordsville — Botanical Gazette, vol. xiv, Nos. 1-11.
Davenport — Academy of Natural Sciences:

Proceedings, vol. v. No. 1.
Z'eTifer— Colorado Scientific Society:

Proceedings, vol. iii, No. 1.
Detroit — The Microscope, vol. ix.
Granville — Denison Scientific Association:

Memoirs, vol. i. No. 1.
Denison University:

Bulletin, vol. iv, Nos. 1-2.
Harrisburg — Geological Survey of Pennsylvania:

Annual Report, 1887.

South Mountain Atlas, D6.

Dictionary of Fossils, P'l, vol. i.

Atlas to Northern Anthracite Field, iii, iv.

AtUs to Reports HH and HHH.

Museum Catalogue 03.
Houston — State Geological and Scientific Associa'ion:

Bulletin, vol. i, Nos. 8-12.

4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Iowa City—^iaie Universitj^:

Laboratory of Natural History, Bulletin, vol. i, No. 3.
La?isiny— Agricultural College Experiment Station:
Bulletin, Nos. 43-54.
State Board of Health:
Annual Report, xvi.

Proceedings Sanitary Convention, Nos. 294, 298, 302.
State Forestry Commission:
Report, i.
Little Rock — Geological Survey of Arkansas:

Annual Report, 188S, vol. i, ii, iii.
Mendon—The American Antiquarian, vol. vi, Nos. 1-6,
Meriden — Scientific Association:

Transactions, vol. iii.
Milwaukee — Natural History Society:

Proceedings vol. i, pp. 191-232.
Occasional Papers, vol. i.
Public Museum:

Seventh Annual Report of the Board of Trustees.
Minneapolis— GteoXogicoX and Natural History Survey of Minnesota:
Final Report, vol, ii.
Annual Report, xvi.
New Haven — American Journal of Science, vol. xxxvii, Nos. 217-222; xxxviii,
Nos. 223-228.
Yale College Observatory:

Report, 1888-89.
Yale University:

Report of the President, 1887-88.
Catalogue, 1889-90.
New Zo?'fc— Academy of Sciences:
Annals, vol. iv, Nos. 10-12.
Transactions, vol. viii.
American Garden, vol. x.
American Geographical Society:

Bulletin, vol. xx. No. 4 and supp.; xxi, Nos. 1-3.
American Institute of Mining Engineers:

Transactions, vol. xvii.
American Museum of Natural History:
Annual Report, 1888.
Bulletin, vol. ii-|-.
American Ornithologists' Union:
The Auk, vol. vi.

By-Laws and Rules and List of Members, Dec, 1887.
Check-List of N. A. Birds, Abridged edition.
Supplement to Code of Nomenclature and Check-List of N. A. Birds.

ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. 5

American Society of Civil Engiueers:

Proceedings, vol. xiv, Julj'-Dec; xv, Jan .-Mar., Aug.

Transactions, vol. xix, Oct. -Dec; xx, Jan.-Apr.; xxi, July-Sept.
Central Park Menagerie:

Keport, 188S.
Century Dictionary, pts. 1-6. {Purchase.}
Columbia College;

School of Mines Quarterly, vol. x, Nos. 2-4; xi, No. 1.
Garden and Forest, Nos. 44-95.
Linnaeau Society:

Abstract of Proceedings, 1888-89.
Microscopical Society:

Journal, vol. v.
Science, vol. xiii, xiv. {Purchase.)
Torrey Butanical Club:

Bulletin, vol. xvi.

Memoirs, vol, i, Nos. 1,2. {Purchase.}
Philadelphia — Academy of Natural Sciences:

Proceedings, 1888, pt. 3; 1889, pt. 1, 2.
American Entomological Society:

Transactions, vol. xv. No. 4; xvi, Nos. 1, 2, 3.
American Naturalist, vol. xix, Nos. 3-12; xx; xxi, Nos. 1-5, 7-9, 11, 12;

xsii; xxiii, Nos. 1-7. {Purchase.)
American Philosophical Society :

Proceedings, vol. xxv, Nos. 128. 129.

Eeport of the Committee on Amended Orthografy.

Subject Register of Papers.

Supplemental Eegister.

Supplementary Eeport of the Committee appointed to consider an
International Language.

Rules and Eegulati )ns of the Henry M. Phillips' Prize Essay Fund.

Eules and Eegulations of the Magellanic Premium.
Portland — Society of Natural History:

Proceedings, 1881-82, meeting 10; 1888-89, meeting 9.
Sacramento — Bureau of Labor Statistics:

Biennial Eeport, iii.
State Board of Forestry:

Biennial Eeport, ii.

Bulletin, No. 6.
State Mining Bureau:

Annual Eeport of the Mineralogist, vol. viii.
Salem — American Association for the Advancement of Science:

Proceedings, vol. xxxvii.
Essex Institute:

Bulletin, vol. xx; xxi, Nos. 1-6.

Charter and By-Laws, List of Members, etc., 1889.

b CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Sa7i Diego — West Americau Scientist, Nos. 36-49. (Purchase.)
San Francisco — Astronomical Societ}' of the Pacific:
Publications, Nos. 1-4.
Branch Hj'drographic Office:

Special Bulletin, 1889, Nos. 2-7. 9.
California Florist and Gardener, vol. ii, Nos. 1, 3 4.
Mechanics' Institute:

Report of ludustrial Exhibition, xxiii.
Mercantile Library Association:
Annual Report, xxxvi, 1888.
Odd Fellows' Library:
Report, 1889.
Springfield — State Laboratory of Natural History:

Reports, Illinois State Entomologist, 1, 2, 3
St. Anthony Park — University of Minnesota Experiment Station:

Bulletin, No. 5.
7'o/)e^a— Washburn College Laboratory of Natural History:

Bulletin, vol. ii, No. 9.
Trenton — Natural History Society:

Journal, vol. ii. No. 1.
Washington — American Monthly Microscopical Journal, vol. ix, Nos. 3-10;
X, Nos. 2-12.
Anthropological Society:

American Anthropologist, vol. i, ii.
Women's Anthropological Society:

Organization and Historical Sketch.
Bureau of Education:

Report of the Commissioner, 1886-87.
Bureau of Navigation:

American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, 1892.
Commissioner of Pensions:

Annual Report, 1889.
Department of Agriculture:

Bureau of Animal Industry— Hog Cholera, 1889.

Botanical Division, Bulletin, Nos. 8, 9, 10.

Division of Chemistry, Bulletin, Nos. 13, pts. 4, 5; 20-23.

Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy, Bulletin 1.

Division of Entomology, Periodical Bulletin, vol. i, Nos. 6-12; ii,

Nos. 1-5; Bulletin, No. 20.
Forestry Division, Bulletin, No. 3; Annual Report, 1888.
Division of Statistics, Report, new series, Nos. 58-68.
Experiment Station Bulletin, Nos. 1, 2; mis.'ellaneous Bulletin,

No. 1.
Section of Vegetable Pathology, Circular, No. 8.
Report of Commissioner, 1888.

ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. 7

First Report of the Secretary, 18S9.
DepHrtmeut of the Interior:

Tenth Cei)sus, vols, xvii, xix, sxi, xxii.
Department of State:

Consular Eeports, Nos. 97-109.

Maps Sbowing Location of Diplomatic and Consular Offices, March,
1888.

Trade and Transportation between the C S, and Spanish America,
1889.
Interstate Commerce Commission:

Annual Report, ii.
P.itent Office:

Official Gazette, vols, xlvi-xlix.

Alphabetical List of Patentees, vols, xliii-xlvi.

Annual Report of Commissioner, 1888.
Smithsonian Institution:

Report upou International Exchanges, 188S.

Joseph Henry and the Magnetic Telegraph.
Treasury Department:

Report of the Secretary, 1888.

Annual Keport of the Director of the Mint, 1888.

Summary Statement of Exports and Imports, 1888-89, Nos. 5-12;
1889-90, Nos. 1-3. 5.

Report on the Production of Gold and Silver, 1887.

Eeport on the State of the Finances, 1889.
U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey:

Annual Report, 1887.

Bulletin, Nos. 5-13.

Notice to Mariners, 1889, Nos. 116, 118, 120-122.

Blue Prints of 12 charts from "Arcano del Mare," 1643-1647.
U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries:

Commissioner's Report, 1886.

Bulletin, 1887, sigs. 13-30.

The Fishery Industries of the U. S., Sec. iii, iv; Sec. 5, vol. i, ii,
and Plates.

Fur Seal and other Fisheries of Alaska.
U. S. Geological Survey:

Annual Report, vii.

Bulletin, vol. vii, viii, Nos. 47-53.

Monographs, xiii and Atlas, xiv.

Mineral Resources of the U. S., 1887.

Chart of Mineral Products of the U. S., 1882-1887.
U. S. Hydrographic Office:

Notice to Mariners, 1883, Nos. 11-51.
U. S. National Museum:

Proceedings, vol. x, xi.

» CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

U. S. Naval Observatory:

Yarnall's Catalogue, 3d ed., 18S9.
War Department:

Chief Signal Officer:

Annual Report, 1887, ii; 1888.
Arctic Series of Publications, Nos. ii, iii, iv.
Tri-Daily Meteorological Record, May, June, 1878.
Keport of the Acting Jndge-Advocate-General, 1888.
Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 18S8, i-iv.
Report of tbe Chief of Ordinance, 1888.
Official Army Register, Jan., 1889.
U. S. Army Regulations, 1889.

AMEBIC A, SOUTH.

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.

Buenos Aires— Gov evameni:

Primer Censo General de la Provincia de Santa Fe, Tomo ii. iii.
Instituto Geografico Argentine:

Boletin, Tomo ix, No. 12; x, Nos. 1-9.
Museo Nacional:

Anales, Tomo iii. No. 3.
Sociedad Cientifica Argentina:

Anales, Tom xxvi; xxvii; xxviii, Nos. 1, 2.
Cordoba — Academia Nacional de Ciencias:
Boletin, Tomo xi. No. 3.

BRAZIL.

Bio de Janeiro — Imperial Observatorio :
Eevista, vol. iv. No. 1-9.
Sociedade de Geographia:

Revista, Tomo iv, Nos. 3, 4; v, Nos. 1, 2.

CHILI,

Santiago— Bentscher Wissenschaftlicher Verein:
Verhandlungen, Bd. ii. Heft 1.

ASIA.

CHINA.

Shanghai —'Royal Asiatic Society, China Branch;
Journal, vol. xx-xxiii.

ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY.

JAPAN.

Tokio— Deutsche Gesellscbaft f. Natui-u. Volkenkuncle Ostasiens:

Mittheilnngen, Baud v, Hette -41 and supp., 42
Imperial Uuiversity:

Calendar, 1888-89.
Seismological Societj' of Japan:

Transactions, vol. siii, pt. 1.

JAVA.

Batavia — K. Natxiurkundige Vereeniging in Ned.- Indie:
Natunrkundige Tijdscbritt, Deel xlviii.
Magnetical and Meteorological Observatory:
Observations, vol. viii, x.
Rainfall in tbe East Indian Arcbipelago, 1887.

INDIA.

5o77i6a?/— Natural History Society:

Journal, vol. iii, No. 4.
Calcutta— A.s\?i\.\c Society of Bengal:

Proceedings, 1S88, Nos. 9, 10; 1889, Nos. 1-6.

Journal, vol, Ivi. pt. 2, No. 5; Ivii, pt. 1, extra No., pt. ii, No. 4;
Iviii, pt. 1, No. 1, pt. 2, No. 1, 2.
Geological Survey of India:

Records, vol. xxi. No. 4; xxii, No^. 1, 2, 3.

Bibliograpby of Indian Geology, Preliminary Issue.
Dehra Dun — Great Trigonometrical Survey of India:

Account of Operations, vol. x.

AUSTEALASIA.

QUEENSLAND.

Brisbane — Koyal Geograpbical Society of Australasia:

Proceedings and Transactions, vol. iii. No. 2; iv.
Koyal Society of Queensland:

Proceedings, vol. iv; vi, Nos. 1-5.
Townsville — Geological Survey of Queensland:

Geology of tbe Russell River.

Preliminary Report on Limestone District.

Mineral Wealtb of Queensland.

Coal Discoveries on tbe Flinders.

Mount Morgan Gold Deposits.

Some Salient Points in tbe Geology of Queensland.

Taranganba Gold Mine.

10 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

NEW SOUTH WALES.

Sycbiey—Ansiralian Museum:

Memoirs, No, 2.

Descriptive Catalogue of Spouges.

List of Australian Birds.

Rep .rt of Trustees. 1888.
Governmeut of N. S. W.:

Meteorological Observations, 18SB, 1887.

llaiu, River, etc., Observations, 1887, 1887.
Government Astronomer:

The Tliuuderstorm of Oct. 26, 1888.

The Storm of Sept. 21, 1888.

On a New Self-iecordiug Thermometer.

President's Address, Australian Association for the Advancement of
Science.

The Source of Underground Water in the Western Districts.

Astronomical and Meteorological Workers in N. S. W., 1778-1860.

Proposed Method of Recording Variations in the Direction of the
Vertical.
Liuiiean Society of N. S. W.:

Proceedings, ser. 2, vol. iii, Nos. 3, 4; iv, No. 1.

Rules, etc., 1889.
Royal Society of N. S. W.:

Journal and Proceedings, vol. xxii.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA.

Adelaide — Royal Society of South Australia:
Transactions & Proceedings, vol. x.

VICTORIA.

J/e^6o2/r/i^ — Government of Victoria:

Iconography of Australian Species of Acacia, decades 12, 13.
Systematic Census of Australian Plants, supp. 4.
Key to the System of Victoiiau Plants, i, ii.
Prodromus of the Zoology of Victoria, decades xvi-xviii.
Report of Trustees of Public Library, Museums and National Gal-
lery. 1887.
Royal Society of Victoria:

Transactions, vol. i. No. 1.
Proceedings, new ser., vol. i.
Secretary for Mines:

Reports of Mining Registrars, Quarters ended Sept. 30, Dec. 31,
188S; Mar. 31, June 30, 1889.

ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. 11

Mineral Statistics of Victoria, 18S7, 188S.
Annual Keport, 1888.
Zoological aud Acclimatisation Society:
Annual Report, xxv.

NEW ZEALAND.

Wellington— Golon'vdl Museum and Geological Survey' of N Z.:
Annual Report, No. 23.
Geological Export, No. 19.
^ Meteorological Report, 1885.

Phormium ten^x as a Fibrous Plant, 2d ed.
New Zealand Institute:

Transactions and Proceedings, vol. xxi.

EUKOPE.

AUSTEO-HUNGARY.

^ru?)?i— Naturforscheuder Verein :

Verbandlungen, Band xxvi.

Bericbt der Meteorologiscben Commission, vi.
Budapest— 'Ethnologisohe Mittbeiluugen aus Ungarn, Jabrgang i, Heft 3.
K. Mag3'ar Termeszettndomanyi Tarsnlat:

A Magyarorszagi Cladocerak Maganrajza.

Erdely Edeuyes Florajanak Helyesbitett Foglrtlata.

A Magyar Halaszat Konyoe, i, ii.
K. Ung. Geologiscbe Anstalt:

Jabresbericbte, 1887.

Mittbeiluugen Band viii, Hefte 7, 8.

Foldtaui Kozlony, Kotet xviii, Fiizet 11-12; xix, 1-10.

Der Hollobazaer (Eadvanyer) Ebyolitb-Kaolin.
Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia:

Almauacb, 1889.

Ertekezesek, Kotet xvii, No. 6; xviii, Nos. 1-5.

Ertesito, Kotet vi, Nos. 2-9; vii, Nos. 1-3.

Kozlemenyek Kotet xxiii, Nos. 1-3.

Az Electrodyuamometer Altalanos Aimelete.

Supp. an No. 2U, 1889, de 'La Eevue de I'Orient."
Matbematiscbe und Naturwissenscbaftlicbe Bericbte aus Ungarn,

Band vi.
Nemzeti Miizeum:

Termeszetrajzi Fiizetek, vol. xi, Nos. 3-4; xii, Nos. 1-3.
Societe Hongroise de Geograpbie:

Bulletin, Tome xvi, Nos. 7-10; xvii. Nos. 1-8.

Liste Generale des membres, 1889.

12 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Cracow — Academic des Sciences:

Bulletin International, Nos. 1-7.
(rraz— Naturwissenscbaftlicher Verein fur Steiermark:

Mittheilungen, Heft xxv.
Hermannstadt — Siebenbiirgischer Verein fiir Naturwissenschafteu;

Verbandluugeu und Mittheilungen, Jahrgang xxxviii.
Prag—K. Bohmische Gesellschaf t der VVissenscbaften:
Abhandlungen, Folge 7, Band ii.
Jahresbericbte, 1888.
Sitzungsbericbte, 1888.
K. K. Sternwarte:

Beobachtuugen, xlix .
Lotos, Neue Folge, Band ix.
7'r«es^e — Societa Adriatica di Scieuze Naturali:

BoUettino, vol. xi.
Wien—K. Akademieder WissenschMften:
Denkschriften, Band liv.
Sitzungsbericbte, Baud xcvii.
K. K. Geologische Reicbsanstalt:

Jahrbuch, Band xxxviii, Heft 4; xxxix, 1-2.
K. K. Gradmessungs- Bureau:

Astronomiscbe Arbeiten, Band i.
K. K. Naturbistoriches Hofmuseum :

Annalen, Band iii, Nr. 3, 4; iv, Nr. 1, 2.
Zoologiscb-Botaniscbe Gesellscbat t :

Verbandlungen, Band xxxviii, Nr. 3, 4; xxxix, Nr. 1. 2.
Zagrebu — Jugoslavenske Akademije:
Bad, xcv.
Ljetopis, 1888.

BELGIUM.

Anvers — Socle te Roy ale de Geogvapbie:

Bulletin, Tome xiii, Nos. 3, 4.
^rZo7i— Institut Arcbeologigue du Luxembourg:

Annales, Tome xx.
Bruxelles—kcademie Royal de Belgique:

Annuaire, 54, 55.

Bulletin, ser. 3, Tome xiii-xvi.
Societe Beige de Microscopie:

Bulletin, Tome xv, No. 11.
Societe Centrale d' Agriculture:

Journal, Tome xxxv. No. 12; xxxvi, Nos. 1-6.
Societe Royale Beige de Geographic:

Bulletin, Tome xii, Nos. 4-6; xiii, Nos. 1, 2.
Societe Royale de Botanique:

Bulletin, Tome xxvi, No. 2; xxvii.

ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. 13

Societe Eoyale Malacologique:
Annales. Tome xxii.
Proces-Verbaux, Tome xvii, fasc. 1-6.
Gand — Flore, vol. xviii. {Purchase.)
Liege — Association des Ingenienrs:

Annuaire, ser. 5, Tome i, No. 5; ii, Nos. 1-3.
Bulletin, Tome xiii, Nos. 1-6.
Revue Uuiverselle des Mines, etc., ser. 3, Tome i, No. 3; ii: iii; iv,

Nos. 2, 3; v; vi; vii; viii, No. 1.
Societe Geologique de Belgique:

Annales, Tome xiii. No. 2; xv, Nos. 2, 3.
Mons — Societe des Sciences, etc., Hainaut:

Memoires et Publications, ser. 5, Tome i.

DENMARK.

Copenhagen — K. Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs :
Oversigt, 1888, 2; 1889, 1.
Naturhistorisk Forening:

Videnskabelige Meddelelser, 18 S8.

FRANCE.

Amiens — Societe Linneenue du Nord de la France:

Bulletin Tome ix, Nos. 187-198.
^n^f ens— Societe d' Etudes Scientifiques:

Bulletin, Nouv. Ser., Annee xvii.
Auxerre — Societe des Sciences de I'Yonne:

Bulletin, vol, xiii, sem. 2.
Bordeaux — Academic Nationale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts;

Actes, 1886.
Societe L:nneenne:

Proces-Verbaux vol. xl, xli.
Cae?i— Academic Nationale des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres.

Memoires, 1887-88.
Societe Linneenne de Normandie:

Bulletin, ser. 4, vol. ii.
Dijon — Academic des Sciences, Arts et-Belles-Lettres:

Memoires, ser. 3, Tome x.
Z-ZZ/e— Societe Geologique du Nord:

Annales xv.
Lyon — Academie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts:

Memoires, vol. xxviii, xxix.
Societe Botanique:

Annales xiv, xv.

Bu'letin, vol. vi.

14 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Nancy — Academie de Stauislas:

Memoires, ser. 5, Tome vi.
Societe des Sciences:

Bulletin, ser. 2, Tome ix, fasc. 21, 22.

Bull, des Seances, Ire. Annee, No. 1.
/'a?7's— L'Abeille, Tome xxv.
Academie des Sciences:

Comptes Keudus, Tome cvi, cvii.
Journal de Conchyliologie, ser. 3, Tome xxviii.
Ministere de I'Aoriculture:

Bulletin, Annee viii, Nos. 2, 3.
Observatoire:

Rapport Annuel, 1887, 1888.
Revue Complimeiitaire des Sciences Appliquees. vol. vi, 1859-1860.
Revue Internationale de I'Electricite, Tome viii, Nos. 73-79. 81-84;

Nos. 85-94.
Societe Entomologiqne de France:

Bulletin, 18S9, fa^c. 9-21.
Societe de Geograpbie:

Compte Rendu, 1889. Nos. 1-14.

Bulletin, Tome ix, Nos. 3, 4; x. No. 1.
Societe Zoologique de France:

Bulletin, Tome xiii, Nos. 8 10; xiv, Nos. 1-6.

De I'Adoption dune Langue Suientiti'iue luternationile.
Rouen— ':^0Q.\&iti des Amis des Sciences N'aturelles:

Bulleiin, 188^ No. 2.
Toulouse— Re^we Mycologique, vol. xi, Nos. 41-44.

GERMANY.

5er^i?i— Deutscbe Geologische Gesellscheft:
Zeitschrift, Band xl. Hefte 2-4.
Gesellscbaft fiir Erdkunde:

Verbandluugen, Baud xv. Heft 10; xvi, Hefte 1, 2, 4-8.
Zitscbrift, Band xxiii, Heft 6; xxiv, Hefte 1-4.
Gesellscbaft Natuiforscbender Freuude:

Sitzungsbericbte, 1888.
K. Preussiscbe Akademie der Wissenscbaften:

Sitzungsbericbte, 1888, Nr. 38-52; 1889, Nr. 1-38.
Naturvvissen. Wocbenscbrift, Baud iii, Nr. 12-26; iv, Nr. 13-26.
So,i7i_Naturbistoriscber Verein der Preuss. Rbeinlande:

Verbandluugen, Baud xlv, Heft 2; xlvi. Heft 1.
Bremen — Naturwissenscbaftlicber Vei*eiu :

Abbandluugen, Band x, Heft 3.
Breslau—Yexein fiir Scblesiscbe Insektenkunde:
Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, Heft 14.

ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. 15

Cassel — Verein fiir Naturkunde:

Berichte, 34-35.
i)a7ii2g— Naturforscbende Gesellschaft :

Schriften, Neue Folge, Band vii, Heft 2.
Dresden — Hedwigia, Baud xxviii. Heft 1-5.
Naturwissen^chaftliche Gesellschaft Isis:

Siiziingsberichte iiud Abhandlangeu, Jabrgang 18So, Juli-Dec;
1889, Jan.-Juui.
Eindtn — Naturforscbende Gesellscbaf t :

Jabresbericbte, 72-73.
Frankfurt, a. M. — Frankfurter Verein fiir Geog. nnd Statistik:

Jabresbericbte 51, 52.
Frankfurt, a. O. — Naturwissenscbaftlicbe Vereins:

Monatlicbe Mittbeihiugen, Jabi-gang vi, Nr. 7-12; vii, Nr, 1-5.
Societatum Litterae, Jabi-gang ii, Nr. 9-12; ill, Nr. 1-6.
Freiburg, i. B. — Naturforscbende Gesellschaft:

Bericbte, iii, iv.
(riesseyi-Oberbessiscbe Gesellschaft fiir Natur- und Heilkuude:

Bericbte, xxvi.
Gottingen — K. Gesell. der Wissenscbafteu u. d. Georg.-Augusts-Universitat :

Nacbricbten, 1888.
Greifswald—G eogr-dp^ische Gesellschaft:

Jabresbericbte, iii, Teil 2.
Gilstroio — Verein der Freunde der Naturgescbicbte in Mecklenburg:

Arcbiv, Jabrgang 42.
Halle — Academia Cffisarete LeopoldinoCarolinae:

Leopoldina, Heft xxiv.

Nova Acta, Band l, Nr. 6; Liii, Nr. 3.
Naturforscbende Gesellschaft:

Abbaudluugen, Baud xvii, Hefte 1, 2.

Bericht iiber die Sitzuugeu, Jahre 1887.
Verein fiir Erdkunde:

Mittbeilungen, 1888.
Halle, a. S. — Naturwissenscbaftlicher Verein fiir Sachsen und Thiiringeu:

Zeitschrift, ser. 4, Band vii; viii, Nr. 1, 2.
Heidelberg — Naturbistoiisch-Mediciuischer Verein:

Verbandlungen, Baud iv, Hefte 2, 3.
Kiel — Naturwissenscbaftlicher Verein iiir Schleswig-Holsteiu:

Schriften, Baud vii. Hefte 2.
Konigsberg—FischeYei-Yereins der Provinzen Ost- und Westpreussen:

Bericbte, 1888-89, Nr. 4.
Leipzig — K. Sacbsische Gesellschaft der Wissenscbafteu:

Bericbte iiber die Verbandlungen, Math.-Pbys. classe, 1888; 1889, 1.
Verein fiir Erdkunde:

Mittbeilungen, 1888.

16 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Mannheim— Yevein fiir Naturkuude:

Jahresbericbte, 52-55
Marbu7'g—GeseUschnft znr BeforderuDgdergesammten Naturvvissenscbaften:

Scbriften, Baud xii, Nr. 3,

Sitzungsbericbte, 1888.
Munchen — K. Bayer. Akademie der VVissenscbafteu:

Matb.-Pbys. Classe, Sitzungsbericbte, 1888; 1889, Nr. 1, 2.

Abbandluugeu, Band xvi, Nr. 3.

Georg. Simon Obms Wissenscbaftlicbe Leistungen.

Das Bayeriscbe Praecisious-Nivellement.

Ueber die Molekularbescbaffenbeit der Krystalle.

Josepbvou Fraueubofer's Gesammelte Scbriften.
Miinster — Westfaliscber Provinzial-Vereiu fiir Wissenscbaft und Kunst:

Jabresbericbte, xvi.
^i/rn&ergr— Naturbistoriscbe Gesellscbaft :

Festscbrift, Deutscbe Antbropologiscbe Gesellscbaft, xviii, Kon-
gress, 1887.
S^ari^amAo/— Historiscber Verein von Oberpfalzuud Regensburg:

Verbandlungen, Baud xLii.
.S/g^/^i— Eutomologiscber Verein:

Zeituug, eJabrgaug xlIx, Nr. 10-12.
Stuttgart— Yevein fiir Vaterlandiscbe Natiirkunde in Wiivttemberg:

Jabresbeft xlv.
Wiesbaden — Nassauiscber Verein fiir Naturkunde:

Jabrbucb xLi, xLii.

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

Belfast — Natural History and Philosophical Society:

Report and Proceedings, 1887-88.
Naturalists' Field Club:

Annual Report and Proceedings, ser. 2, vol. iii, No. 1.
Birmingha?7i — Natural History and Microscopical Society:

Tbe Midland Naturalist, vol. xii.
Bristol — Naturalists' Society:

Proceedings, new ser., vol. vi, pt. 1.

List of Officers, etc., 1889.
Cambridge — Pbilosopbical Society :

Proceedings, vol. vi, Nos. 4, 5, 6.

Transactions, vol. xiv, Nos. 3, 4.
Dublin— ^oynl Irisb Society:

Scientific Proceedings, new ser., vol. vi, pts. 3-6.

Transactions, ser. 2, vol. iv, pts. 2-5.
Edinburgh— Botfinicsil Society :

Transactions and Proceedings, vol. xvii. No. 2.

ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. 17

Geological Society:

Transactions, vol. v, No. 4.
Royal rbysical Society:

Proceedings, vol. ix, No. 3.
C/asgroio— Philosophical Society:

Proceedings, vol. xix.
London — Linnean Society:

Journal ^Zoology), vol. xx, No. 121; xxi, No. 132.

List, 18S8-1889.
Royal Geographical Society:

Proceedings, vol. xi.
Royal Society:

Proceedings, vol. xLiv, No. 272; xlv; xLvi, Nos. 280, 288.

Philosophical Transactions, 1888, a, r..

Lists, 1888.
Mining Journal, vol. Lviii, Nos. 2783, 2784; Lix. Nos. 2785-2834.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, vol. i-iv. {Purchase.)
Journal of Botany, British and Foreign, vol. xv. No. 178: xvi, No. 192;

xvii; xviii; xxvi; xxvii. {Purchase.)
Natuie, vol. xxxvii-xL; xLi, Nos. 1045-1050. {Purchase'.)
The Ibis, ser. 5, vol. vi; ser. 6, vol. i. (Purchase.)
Manchester — Literary and Philosophical Societ}'^:

Memoirs and Proceedings, ser. 4, vol. i, ii.

ITALY.

Bologna — R. Accademia delle Scieuze dell'Istitnto di Bologna:

Memorie, ser. 4, Tomo viii.

Unification du Calendrier. 1888.
Firenze — Biblioteca Nazionale:

BoUetino delle Publicazione Italiane, Nos. 71-91-
Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano, vol. xxi.
R. Istituto di Studi Superiori:

Archivo della Scuola d'Anatomia Patologica, vol. ii.

Liuee Generali della Fisiologia del Cervelletto.

Osservazioui Continue della Elettricita Atmosferica.

Esegesi Medico Legale sul Methodus Testificandi.
Societa'Entomologica Italiana:

Bullettino, 1888.
Genora — Museo Civico di Storia Naturale:

Anuali, ser, 2, vol. vi.
Modena—^. Accademia di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti:

Memorie, ser. 2, vol. vi.
iVapo/j— Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Mathematicbe:

Rendiconto, ser. 2, vol. ii; iii, Nos. 1-11.

18 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

PadovaSocieth Veueto-Treutina di Scienze Natural!:

Atti, vol. X, No. 2.
Pavia — Bollettiuo Scientifico:

Auuo X, No. 3-4; xi, Nos. 1, 2.
Pisa — Societa Toscaua di Scienze Natiirali:
Processi Veibali, vol. vi, Nos. 4-6,
Alia Memoria del Prof. Giuseppe Menegliini,
Roma — Reals Accademia dei Lincei:

Rendiconti, vol. IV^ ii, Nos. G-12; V, i; ii, Nos. 1-4.
R. Comitato Geologico:
Bollettiuo, vol. xix.
Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Vittorio Emamnele:

Bollettino delle Opere Moderne Straniere. vol. iii, Nos. 4-G; iv, 1-3.
Ministero della Publica Istrnzioue:

Indici e Catalnglii, IV, vol. i, fasc. 8-10; VII, vol, i, fasc. 2.
Direzione Geuerale deH'Agricoltura;

Bollettino di Notizie Agrarie, Anno x, Nos. 72-75; xi, Nos. 2, 3, 6,

7, 12-14, 17-34, 41-46, 48-73.
Revista Meteorico-Agraria, Anno x, Nos. 33-3G; xi, Nos. 1, 3, 4, G,

9, 11-16, 18-31.
Annali di Agrieoltura, No.s. 150, 153, 154, 156-158, 1G0-1G2, 165,

166, 168, 169.
Monografia sulla Coltivazione del Riso in Italin.
Parte Prima Avifanna Italica.
Divisione ludustria, Commercio e Credito:

Annali del Credito e della Previdenza, 1888.

Bollettino di Notizie sul Credito e la Previdenza, Anno vi, No. 13,

14; vii, No. 1, 3-9 and app.
Commisione Centrale dei Valori per le Dogane, Sessioue 1888-1889.
Bollettino Seraestrale del Credito e del Risparmio, Appendiee 1888,

1889.
Casse di Risparmio, Bollettino, 1888, Seraestre 1.
To?n?(o— Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata:

Bollettiuo, vol. iii, Nos. 49-52; iv, Nos. 53-66.

NETHERLANDS.

Amsterdam—'K. Akademie van Wetenschappen:

Jaarboek, 1886, 1887.

Verhandelingen, Afd. Natuurknnde, Deel ix-xxvi.

Verslagen en Medeelingeu ser. 3, Afd. Natuurknnde, Deel iv; Afd.
Letterkunde, Deel iv.

Prijsvers — Matris Querela; Susanna.
'sOravenhage—K. Zoulogisch-Botanisch Geuootschap:

Verslag, 1888.

ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. 19

Harlem — Miisee Teyler:

Archives, ser. 2, vol. iii, No. 3.
Societe HoUaudaise des Sciences:

Archives Neerlaudaises, Tome xxiii, Nos. 2-5.
Leiden — Nedeilandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging:

Tijdschrift, ser. 2, Deel ii, Afl. 3.
Luxemhourg — Institut Eoyal Grand Ducal:

Publications, Tome xx.
Utrecht — K. Nederlaudsche Meteorologisch lustituut:
^ Jaarboek, 1879, ii; 1888.
Provincial Genootschap van Kuusteu en Weteuschappen:
Aanteekeuingen, 1888, Juni 26.
YersLig, 1888, Juni 26.

NORWAY.

Ber(jen—'Bexge\iB Museum:

Aarsberetniug, 1887.
Christiania—'NoYges Geogratiske Opmaaliug:

Efteiretninger for Sfifarende, Aarg. xix, No. 12; xx, Nos. 1-9, 11.
Norske Meteorologiske Institut:

Jahrbuch, 1887.
Yidenskabs-Selskabet :

Forhandlingar, 1887, 1888.
Throndhjem — K. Norske Videnskabers-Selskabs:

Skrifter, 1886-1887.

PORTUGAL.

Lishoa — Academia Real das Sciencias:

Historia do Infante D. Duarte, Tomo i.
Commi'^sao Geologico de Portugal:

Faune Cretacique du Portugal, vol. ii, No, 2.
Sociedade de Geographia:

Boletim, ser. 7, Nos. 11. 12; ser. 8, Nos. 1-6.

ROUMANIA.

Bucharest — Academia Eomana:

Analele, ser. 2, Tom. x, Sect. 1 and 2.

RUSSIA.

Dorpat — Naturforscher Gesellschaft :

Sitzungsbericbte, Band viii. Heft 3.

Archiv. fiir die Naturkunde Liv-, Ehsl-, und Knrlauds, ser. 1,
Band ix, Livr. 5.
HelsinfjJ'ors — Fiuska Vetenskaps Societeten:

Acta, Tomus xvi.

Oversigt af Forhandlingar, Band xxx,

20 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Kiev — Societe des Naturalistes:

Memoires, Tome x, Liv. 1.
Moscow— Soc\ett Imperiale des Naturalistes:

Bulletiu, 1888, Nos. 3, 4; 1889, No. 1.

Meteorologiscb Beobachtuugen, 1888, i, ii.
OdessaSocibte des Naturalistes de la Nouvelle Rnssie:

Memoires vol. xiii, No. 2; xiv, No. 1; Math. Sec. vol. viii, ix.
Biya — Naturforscher Verein:

Korrespondenzblatt, xxx, xxxi.
St. Petersburg — Academie Imperiale des Sciences:

Bulletin, Tome xxxii; Nouv. ser., Tome i, No. 1.

Memoires, ser. 7, Tome xxxv, Nos. 3-10; xxxvi, No-. 1-16.
Comite Geologique:

Bulletin, Tome vii, Nos, 6-10; viii, Nos. 1-5 and supp,

Memoires, Tome iii, No. 4; viii, No. 1.
Hortus Petropolitanus:

Acta, Tomus x, fasc. 2.
Societatis Entomologies Rossica):

Horae, Tomus xxii.
Societe Pbysico-Cbimique Eusse:

Journal, Tome xx. No. 9; xxi, Nos. 1-8.

SPAIN.

Barcelona — Eeal Academia de (Mencias Naturales y Artes:
Memoria Inaugural, 1889.
Instituto Agricola Catalan de San Isidro:
Eevista, Ano xxxviii, No. 516.

Madrid— 'ReoX Academia de Ciencias:
Anuario, 1889.
Observatorio:

Eesumen de las Observaciones Meteoroiogicas, Ano 1884, 1885,
1886-'87.

SWEDEN.

L?(7u^— Universi te t :

Ars-Skrift — Matlit matik ocb Naturvetenskap, Tom. xxiv.
Stockholm — Entomologiska Foreniugen:

Entomologisk Tidskrift vol. ix, Nos. 1-4.
Geologiska Foreningen:

Forhaudliugar, Band ix. Haft 7; x, Hiifte 6, 7; xi, Hjifte 1-3, 5.
Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien:

Handling. r, Band xx, xxi and Atlas.
Bibang, Band ix-xiii.
Ofversigt, Band xli-xlv.
. Lefnadsteckningar, Band ii. Haft 3.

ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. 21

Meteorologiska lakttagelser, Band xxii-xxvi.
Forteckuing, 1826-1883.
Upsala — Uuiversitet:

Arsskrift, 1881-1885, 1888.

Bulletin Meusuel de I'Observatoire Meteorologique, vol. xx.

SWITZERLAND.

Bern — Naturforschende Gesellschaft:
Mittheiluugen, 1888.
Societe Helvetique des Sciences Naturelles:
Actes, Session Ixxi.
G^C7tey6— Societe de Geograpbie:

Le Globe. Tome xxviii, Nos. 1, 2.
Societe de Pbysiqne et d'Histoire Naturelle:
Memoires, Tome, xxx, No. 1.
Lausawie—Soc'ittti Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles:

Bulletin, vol. xxiii, No. 97.
. Neuchatel—^ocU'te des Sciences Naturelles:

Bulletin, Tome xvi.
Schaffhausen—^oc\Q\t Eutomologique Suisse:

Bulletin, vol. viii, Nos. 2, 3.
Zurich — Schweizerische Geodatiscbe Commission:
Das Scbweizeriscbe Dreicbnetz, Band iv.

DONATIONS.

Blylt, ^4.— On Variations of Climate in tbe Course of Time.

The Probable Cause of the Displacement of Beach-Lines. With two ad-
ditional Notes Chrisiiania, 1889. Author.
Borsari, Ferdijiando—Geogvuiia, Ethnologica e Storica della Tripolitania,
Cirenaica e Fezzan. Napoli, 1888. Author.
Brown, Nathan Clifford — Catalogue of the Birds in the Vicinity of Portland,
Me. 1882-1889. Author.
Buelna, Lie. Eustaqu io — Consiitncion de la Atmosfera. Mexico, 1889.

Author.
Burckhalter, Charles— Total Solar Eclipse, Jan. 1, 1889. San Francisco.

Author.

Casey, 2'Hns. L. — Preliminary Monograph of the N. A. Species of Trogoph-
Iceus. New York, 1889. Author.

Clarke, F. L. — The Fogs and Fog Signals of the Pacific Coast. San Fran-
cisco, 1888. Author.

Cosson, E. St. C. — Compendium Florae Atlanticye, vol. i, ii, et Introduction
et Supplement a la Partie Historique. Paris, 1881-1887.
llustrationes Florae Atlanticas, Fasc. i, ii, iii. Paris, 1882-1888.

22 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

LeProjet de Creatiou en Algerie et eu Tuuisie cl'uue Mer Dite Interieure.

Paris, 1885,
Kepertoire des Priucipales Localites de I'Algerie, de la Tunisie et du
Maroc. Avec deux Cartes de I'Algerie. 2d ed. Paris, 1882.

Author.

Cosson, E. St. C. <t Germain de Saint-Pierre — Synopsis Analytiqiie de la

Flore des Environs de Paris. 3d ed. 1876. E. St. C. Cos^son.

Couller, J. M. cO /. N. i?ose— Revision of N. A. Umbelliferu'. Crawfordsville,

1888. Authors.
Dana, James D. — Volcanoes and Volcanic Pbeiiotiieua of the Hawaiian

Islands. 1887-1889. Author.

Danielssen, D. C. — Beretning om Luugegaardsbospitalets Virksombed i

Trea-rirfc 1886-1888. Cliristiania, 1889. Author.

Davie, Oliver — Nests and Eggs of N. A. Birds. 3d ed. Columbus, 1889.

Walter E. Bryant.
Ewing, Thomas— Address at the Centennial Celebration at Marietta, Ohio,

of the Settlement of the Northwest Territory. 1888. Author.

Favaro, ^Ih^ojj^o— Galileo Galilei — Esposizione e Disegno. Firenz >, 1888.

ludice Alfiibetico e Topografico del Commercio Epistolare. Fireuze,

1889. Author.
Forbes, Edward — Monograph of the British Naked-eyed Medusae. London :

Ray Society. 1818. Mehille Attwood.

Gottgttreu, Fxudolph — Lehrbuch der Hochbau-Konstruktionen. Fiinfter

Theil. Author.

Hazen, W. B. — Service des Signaux dansl'Armee des Etats-Unis. Paris, 1881.

Author.
Holmes, 0. W. Jr.~\\ Diritto Comune (Anglo- Americano). Traduzione de
Francesco Lambertenghi. Sondrio, 1888. Translator .

Hun/alvy, Paul—Bie Vcilker des Ural und ihre Sprachen. Budapest 1888,

Author.

Lopes, Dr. Castro— M.tim.o\ve, "L'Identite des Cometes Periodiques est une

Illusion des Astronomes." Rio de Janeiro, 1889. Author.

Marques, A.— lies ^diVnoQ.. Lisbonue, 1889. Author.

Mills, James ^.— Quarternary Deposits and Elevation in Brazil. 1889.

Author.
Newhtrry, J. 5.— The Oil Fields of Colorado. New York, 1889. Author.
Nuttall, .Z'e/ia— Standard or Head Dress? Cambridge, 1888. Author.

Payne, F. i^.— Eskimo of Hudson's Strait. Toronto, 1889. Author.

Pictet, ^Z^j>Ao7i.se— LocustidesNouveaux on pen Connus du Musee de Geneve.
1888. Author.

Kegel, £".— Descriptioues et Emendationes Plantarum.

Biographic iiber Ernst Rudolph von Trautvetter. St. Petersburg, 1889.

Author.

Saint Lager, Dr.— Vicissitudes Onomastiques de la Globulaire Vulgaire.
Paris, 1889. Author.

ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. 23

Sargent, C. 5.— Journal of Andre Micbaux, 1787-1796. Philadelphia, 1889.

Author.
Saussiire, /fe?inc?e— Melanges Orthopterologiques, Supp.au 3me. Fasc, 1871;
Fasc. 4, 187-2.
Spicilegia Entomologica Genaveusia, 1, Genre Hemimerus. Geneve,
1879. Author.

Saiissure, Henri de d; Julius Sichel—Catalogiis Specierum Generis Scolia,
Geneve, 1864. H. de Saussure.

Schram, A*o6eri— Znr Frage der Eisenbahnzeit. Wieu, 1888. Author.

Stearns, Robert E. C— Contributions to the Natural History of the Ccxjlen-
terata.
Ethno-Conchology : A study of Primitive Money.

On Certain Parasites in the Pearl Oysters Meleagrinoe. Author.

Trelease, }riZ/ea77i— Myrmecophilism, Cambridge, 1889.

North American Rhamnacefe. St. Louis, 1889. Author.

Compeudium of the Tenth Census, i, ii. H. H. Moore.

Register of Physicians and Surgeons of California, 1889. M. K.Curran.

U. S. Exploring Expedition, vol. xvii, Botany. Sereno Watson.

PLATE I.

PLATE II.

C.E Fa5^on lei.

LYROCARPA XANTI

PLATE III.

C.I Faxori del.

POLYGALA APOPETALA.

PLATE IV.

C.E.fa.xoM. del

CETflJcon ial.

PLATE

GONGYLOCARPUS FRUTICULOSUS.

Plate VI.

1^1

MAMILLARIA HALEI.

Plate VII.

1

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1

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CEREUS ERUCA.

PLATE VI

C ETaxort Jel.

ARALIA SCOPULORUM.

PLATE IX

C L.f JLxon ae

GIL!A GL0RI05A.

Plate X

AGAVE MARGARITA.

Plate XI,

YUCCA VALIDA.

PLATE XII,

F.V.Hopkins del.

PUCCINIA ORNATA

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